老鹰蛋:- 项目的沟通管理

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项目的沟通管理

项目的沟通管理对项目来说非常重要,在项目开始的时候就要做好项目沟通计划(project communication Planning)。

项目沟通计划包括:
Who: 谁需要了解项目的信息;哪些人需要哪些信息。 project stakeholders.
What: 哪些信息需要沟通。比如status report.
When: 什么时候沟通。比如说weekly status report。
How: 如何沟通。 比如说以newsletter或email的方式沟通;team meeting, PMR, audit, etc....

如果没有很好的沟通,项目就会遇到以下问题:
1. Labor and Procurement cost overruns
2.Dissatisfied Clients and stakeholders
3. Missed due dates
4. Decreased Caree advancemnet

一份清晰的沟通计划能够避免以上问题。有效的计划能:
1. Shared understanding of project information
2. Mutual understanding of change management
3. On-time delivery.

在决定需要沟通什么时(Communication Requriement)可以考虑以下信息:
1. Oraganizational and Stakeholder responsibility relationships
2. Disciplines, Departments, and specialties, involved in the project
3. logistics of how many individuals will be involved with the porojedct and at which location
4. external information needs

The communication Plan should include Who is needed to work on the project, how many people are required, where they will be located, and what are the necessary skills of those working on the project.

如何做到有效的沟通呢?以下的沟通方法和技巧可以帮助你:
1. Brief conversations
2. extended meetings
3. written documents
4. online databases
5. electronic mail(e-mail)
6. Instance Chat tool and phone (voice and video)and remote sharing/controlling
Brief conversations是在需要快速传递信息时的首选方法。
Extended meetins是当一个冗长的项目中team member相互间沟通进度时的首选方法。
Written Documents在写weekly status report时是最好的方式
Online database在项目信息需要共享时,如project plan, docs, records, or performance reports,这是首选的方法。
Email可以快速传递一些重要的信息,可以作为evidence。
一些即时聊天工具已经电话(音频或视频)、远程共享与控制是最快速最直接的方式。当沟通多方在不同地点工作时,这是首选方法。

当决定使用哪种沟通技术时,要先考虑:
1. Immediacy of the need for information
2. availability of technology
3. expected project staffing
4. length of the project