杭州建文儿科:高考英语复习材料及答案 考前辅导材料（二）

高考英语复习材料及答案 考前辅导材料（一）
2010届江苏高考英语书面表达 热点话题
高考英语复习材料及答案 考前辅导材料（二）
2010-04-25 13:04:09|  分类：英语练习 |  标签： |字号大中小
第四部分：阅读理解精选
要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断生词的词义、作出简单判断和推断、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图和态度等能力。
( A )
In the modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another, that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is really forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be the measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
1. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Competition helps set up self-respect.
B. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.
C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D. Opinions about competition are different among people.
2. Why are some people for competition according to the passage?
A. It builds up a sense of duty.       B. It pushes society forward.
C. It improves personal abilities.     D. It encourages individual effects.
3. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. those who try their best to win     B. those who value competition most highly
C. those who are against competition most strongly
D. those who rely on others most for success
4. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”?
A. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.
C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others’.
5. Which point of view may the author agree to?
A. Every effort should be paid back.         B. Competition should be encouraged.
C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
( B )
The beginning of 2007 will see another mass of graduates fresh off the campus hunting for jobs.
Sichuan University has done something special to help its graduates. One morning last month, a lady stopped her Porsche right in front of the students’ canteen(小卖部). She stepped out of her expensive car and began to polish shoes for the students who were passing by. Later it was discovered that she was a special lecturer who had been invited to talk to students on career development.
Li Hui, 42, started from scratch (白手起家)in 1998 and has expanded her shoe-polishing service from a single one-person stand on a street to a chain of 2,000 stands that operate in supermarkets, hotels and office buildings.
Li Hui said: “Apart from the existing and advertised job opportunities, there are plenty of other ways that people can try to make money. There is nothing ignoble if you are doing an off-line business on your own, such as car washing, house cleaning, shoe polishing, etc.”
It is to be hoped that such a grassroots businesswoman as Li will give the coming rush of job hunters an insight into the job market from another way.
1. What is Li Hui?
A. A canteen manager.                           B. A university teacher.
C. A businesswoman.                              D. A car driver.
2. Why did she polish shoes for the students?
A. To earn money from them.           B. To show the students how to polish shoes.
C. To show that shoe polishing is an easy job.
D. To set an example to job-hunting graduates.
3. What can the student learn from what Li Hui said?
A. Women can be successful in all careers as men.
B. Everyone can be rich and famous through hard work.
C. There are plenty of opportunities to success for everyone.
D. No job is shameful if you have a will to do it.
4. What would be the best title for the news report?
A. A Successful Woman                                  B. A Rich Shoe-polisher
C. Off-line Jobs Help Make More Money
D. Self-employment—New Way Out for Job Hunters
( C )
SUNSHINE COMPANY
Products for a Safe Environment
YCY
A2477—HAND SOAP
You’re going to love this natural soap.
There are no chemicals in it .It is very
good for your hands and face.
D4545—GARDEN SPRAY
Insects are going to run away from our new chiligarlic spray. It’s safe and natural.
B2377—HOME CLEANER
You’re not going to need 5 or 6 chemical cleaners . You have Dr Clean ! It is safe and strong ,and it cleans everything in your house!
A2104—CANVAS BAG
You’re going to say , “No paper or plastic!”
You have this excellent heavy canvas shopping bag.
item
code
Price
natural
shampoo
T6762
$3.00
Carden spray
D4545
$2.50
canvas
A2104
$4.00
hand soap
A2477
$1.00
home cleaner
B2377
$2.25
Postage: $3.50
1．Dr Clean is       .
A．an expert in cleaning everything            B．a newly-invented machine
C．a can of cleaning powder                      D．a magic cloth for cleaning
2．According to the ad ,where can you mail your letter if you want something to kill the ants?
A．D4545 Garden Spray.                          B．Sunshine Company
C．A 2104 Canvas Bag.                             D．The Dr Clean’s .
3．You’re going to love the natural soap , because     .
A．it is cheap                                           B．it smells sweet
C．it is free from chemicals                       D．it is powerful
4．According to the ad, how much do you have to pay for 3 shampoos and 2 canvas bags totally?
A．$ 12.25.              B．$20.50.               C．$ 13.50.              D．$17.
( D )
Beverley had been feeling dull, bored and a bit out of it. He mentioned his mood (state of mind) when going to Andrew for a sports massage. He wondered whether he should take up Tai Chi. But Andrew didn’t think so.
“Tai Chi is great for people who want to feel grounded, but that isn’t your problem,” he said. “What you need is something more exciting, like dancing.”
In future, therapists(理疗专家) may well suggest that you fight your sadness with a course in kickboxing, and family doctors might suggest that you take a rest in the mountains instead.
We’ve long been aware that exercise has benefits beyond the physical ones; that activity can relax you, and help psychological well-being by reducing stress, anxiety and sadness.
Now some trainers and sports psychologists are going further and examining how to identify the correct exercise for a client’s(当事人) specific state of mind and personality.
Professor Stuart Biddle, an exercise and sports psychologist based at Loughborough University, England, has researched the effects of exercise on moods.
One of his findings was that, if your problem is low self-esteem, weight training should be your bag. “Working with weights builds strength,” he says, “and creates a stronger body image.”
Anger management, meanwhile, demands bursts of explosive(爆发性的) activity, from sports such as boxing or tennis.
This is because anger makes the body release（释放）adrenaline(肾上腺素), which causes heart rate and blood pressure to rise and muscles to become tighter —— the physiological changes required if you are to defend yourself.
Research shows that the “punch-bag(用拳头击打沙袋)” method of releasing disappointment and anger through hitting a boxing opponent(对手) or tennis ball, can help with fighting issues.
They have also found that teamwork is good for self-esteem and that those who are brought together to work in a social setting become more lively.
Which type of exercise will best help is, of course, down to the individual. Clearly, before you can find the best physical activity for yourself, you have to know your needs.
Ask yourself a few questions such as: What do I need in my life? Which issues are difficult for me? Am I sad or troubled? Only then can you decide whether you need taking up, or taking down.
1. Why did Andrew think Beverley shouldn’t take up Tai Chi?
A. Because Beverley was too weak.           B. Because Beverley was too foolish.
C. Because Beverley’s mind was out of control.  D. Because Beverley lacked activity.
2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Psychologists haven’t realized the relationship between exercise and health.
B. People have already realized the relationship between exercise and spirits.
C. Boxing and tennis are the best ways to increase one’s self-esteem.
D. Trainers and psychologists don’t agree with each other on exercise.
3. Professor Stuart Biddle thinks that ____ .
A. anger should be examined by doctors   B. anger should be taken away by medicine
C. anger should be given off by activities  D. anger should be held back by oneself
4. The main idea of this passage may be ____ .
A. sports build up your body            B. sports are helpful to your mind
C. heart trouble is due to anger          D. anxiety and sadness are harmful to you
( E )
Robert Fredy was general manager of a large hotel in Ashbury Park, New Jersey. One cold day two years ago when he stopped his car at a traffic light, Stephen Pearman, an out-of-work taxi and truck driver, walked up to Fredy’s car hoping to earn some change by washing his windshield (挡风玻璃). Like many motorists who try to keep the beggars off, Fredy turned on the wipers to show he wasn’t interested.
Pearman put his head close to the window. “Come on, mister. Give me a chance. I need a job,” he said. Something in Stephen Pearman’s voice moved Robert Fredy. In the seconds before traffic started moving again, Fredy handed a business card and told him to call if he was serious.
“My friends told me he was just pulling my leg,” said Pearman. “But I said, ‘No, he’s a businessman. I need to give it a shot.”
Two days later, 29-year-old Pearman appeared in the manager’s office of the big hotel. Fredy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training him.
Today, Pearman works full time setting up the hotel’s dining halls for business meetings. In the past two years, he has found a flat, married and repaid Fredy’s loans (贷款).
“Mr. Fredy gave me a second chance,” says Pearman, “And I took advantage of it. I could have just come here a while, eaten up and left. But there is no future in washing windshields.”
Ordinarily, Fredy keeps away from the street people. “But Pearman seemed so honest and open, asking for a chance rather than just money,” Fredy says. “I don’t hand my business card to just anybody. But I’m glad I did in this case.”
1. When Pearman offered to wash the windshield for Fredy, ________.
A. Fredy took him as a beggar          B. Pearman was told to do it later
C. Fredy gladly agreed to let him do it   D. Pearman knew Fredy was a kind man
2. When Fredy told Pearman to call if he was serious, he meant if _____.
A. Pearman was really hardworking.     B. Pearman was really looking for a job.
C. Pearman’s conditions were truly serious.
D. Pearman was really interested in washing windshield.
3. What did Pearman mean by saying “he is a businessman” in Paragraph 3 ?
A. Fredy knew where he could get a job.   B. Fredy meant what he had said.
C. Fredy had enough money to help the poor.
D. Businessmen always handed others their cards.
4. What has become of Pearman now?
A. He is charge of Fredy’s loans.        B. He is still washing car windshields.
C. He is a full-time employee at the hotel. D. He organizes dinner parties for the hotel.
5. What can we learn about Fredy?
A. He helps those who will work hard themselves.
B. He likes to give his help to anyone in need.
C. He always gives help to the unemployed.    D. He is easily moved by poor people.
Keys: ( A ) D B C D D  ( B ) C D C D  ( C ) C B C B  ( D ) D B C B  ( E ) A B B C A
第五部分：书面表达精讲
要求考生能够在一定的语境中根据提示准确使用英语语法和词汇并能使用一定的句型词汇，清楚连贯地表达自己的意思。
(一) 审题要求
1、写作目的；2、总体框架；3、内容要点；4、主体时态； 5、主体人称
（二）语言要求
1、用词造句，扬长避短
主谓要一致；正确使用动词时态、语态、语气；名词的格要与代词的格一致；句子结构要完整，不漏掉或添加成分；一个句子一个中心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑；句子开头字母要大写，标点符号要正确。
2、变换句式，长短结合
复杂句、并列句；倒装句；强调句；感叹句；省略句；非谓语动词；动名词等。
例如：
(1)    In general, there are two main reasons.
(2)    There are a number of causes for the problem.
(3)    With the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture, ……
(4)    It is widely / generally accepted that ……
(5)    As the saying goes, ……
(6)    It is obvious that ……
(7)    It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.
(8)    The latest surveys show that ……
(9)    When it comes to education, ……
(10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that ……
(11) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
(12) How thankful the couple were to the driver!
(13) Only in this way can we have a clean and beautiful environment.
(14) It is known to all that ……
3、连句成文，过渡自然
空间顺序
before me   here   across   in the distance   beyond   opposite to   nearby
next to   on top of   close to   down   under   above   near to   along
时间顺序
soon   then   suddenly   at the same time   next   early   this morning   now
after   at present   later   afterwards   finally   all of a sudden
分析展开
first, second etc.   but   as a result   furthermore   at last   moreover
for example   another   for instance   on the contrary   in addition
in summary   then   thus   otherwise   on the other hand   in conclusion
to begin with, secondly, and lastly…
比较展开
equally important   in the same way   in fact   like   similarly
对比展开
on the contrary   different from   in spite of   yet, but   unlike   nevertheless
not only…but also…   here…there…   the former…the later…   then…now…
years ago… today…   some… others…   one… the other…   once…now…
the first…whereas the second…   on the one hand… on the other hand…
逻辑关系
递进：then   besides   furthermore   moreover   what’s more
转折：however   but   on the contrary   after all   nevertheless
总结：finally   at last   in brief   in conclusion   simply put
强调：indeed   certainly   surely   above all
对比：in the same way   just as   on the one hand… on the other hand…
（三）热门话题
参考下一篇
（四）范文精选
( A )
假设你是李晓平，是“江苏中学”的学生，你所在的城市向市民征求环境污染方面的意见。你作为中学生，经常看到一些污染环境的现象却又无可奈何。你向市政府写信反映情况，并提出自己的看法和两三条建议。提示如下：
现状：1、由于环境污染，生活条件越来越差。
2、有些工厂排放废水废气污染河流，空气，严重影响市民的健康；
3、动植物正在灭绝，鱼越来越少。
自己的看法：每个公民应该认识到保护环境是自己的责任和义务，我们只有一个地球。
建议：(由考生自拟，2—3条)
Dear Sir,
I’m a student from Jiangsu High school. Nowadays, because of the pollution of our environment, our living conditions are getting worse and worse. Waste water and poisonous gases coming from factories and cars are polluting the air and the rivers, which does great harm to our health. As a result, some plants and animals are dying out and fishes in the rivers are becoming fewer.
As for myself, every citizen should realize that it is our responsibility to protect the environment as we have only one earth.  Meanwhile, the government should realize the seriousness of environmental pollution and some measures should be adopted to prevent waste water and gases polluting the air and the rivers. Only in this way can we can a clean and beautiful environment.
Li Xiaoping
( B )
中央号召创建节约型社会，可是许多校园内部浪费现象严重。请你在班会课上发表演讲，号召同学们从我做起，杜绝浪费。
注意：1、词数130左右；演讲的开头和结尾已写好，不记入总词数。
2、不要逐字逐条翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。
浪费现象
危害
措施
1、水、电
2、餐厅的食物
3、其他（由考生自己添加）
1、自身性格
2、父母财政负担
3、自然资料
（内容由才生自己添加）
With the improvement of living standard, there are a lot of waste on campus. For example, the students leave the lights on in the daytime, water running after washing and remains of a lot of food after eating on the table. Some of the students even ask their parents for pocket money. So it is high time that we had to deal with the problem. The reasons are as follows:
In the first place, the bad habit of being wasteful will have a bad influence on their own character. Secondly, it adds financial burden to their parents. Last but not least, it also exhausts the world’s very limited natural resources, water and electricity.
But how to reduce the waste? In my opinion, it is everybody’s business to fight against waste. On one hand, I should start with myself to save everything. On the other hand, I’d like to remind my friends here to take the lead in reducing the waste. Therefore, I’m sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation for the better.
That’s ll. Thank you!
( C )
在市场经济唱主角的今天，竞争与合作是否可以并存？它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？请你根据下表提示，以“Competition and Cooperation”为题写一篇短文，并以一名中学生的身份，谈谈你对学生间的竞争与合作的看法。
合作
1、共享信息，自然资源和人力资源
2、增进了解和友谊，共同发展经济，谋求和平
3、没有合作，世界大不一样
竞争
1、向对手学习，获得勇气和自信
2、充分挖掘潜能，确立优势
3、没有竞争科学和技术发展不迅速
关系
1、竞争与合作同等重要，不可分割
2、人的一生既是合作者，又是竞争者
你的看法
(内容由考生自拟)
Competition and Cooperation
In today’s society, competition and cooperation are equally important. They are like two sides of a person, which cannot be separated.
People are cooperators in their lives. They share information, natural resources, human resources and many other things. Cooperation can promote understanding and friendship and it also can develop economy without cooperation, the world would be quite different.
At the same time, people are competitors. In competition, they learn from their opponents, gain confidence and courage. Besides, it can make people realize their hidden strength. Without competition, science and technology would not have been developed so rapidly.
As high school students, we are both cooperators and competitors. We should help each other in our studies. Also, we should compete to see if we can make more progress than others. Only in this way can we get more knowledge and be ready for the future.
( D )
最近，你校同学参加了某英文报组织的一场辩论。辩论题目是：中学生要不要参加社会实践？请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一篇短文，客观地介绍辩论情况并发表自己的观点，题目已给出。
正方同学认为
反方同学认为
1．应参加社会实践
2．有助于了解社会，获得经验
3．有助于培养能力，学以致用
1．不应参加社会实践
2．太年轻，不能很好地适应社会
3．浪费时间、精力、也没有机会
注意：1．字数：120左右  2．题目：A heated Debate
3．参考词汇：辩论 debate；正方 the pros；反方 the cons
A Heated Debate
We’ve had a heated debate about whether middle school students should do social practice. The pros think middle school students should do social practice. They believe social practice can help them know more about the things around them and give them much experience. By doing so, the students’ ability can be developed. Besides, they can put what they have learned in the books into practice.
On the other hand, the cons think middle school students don’t have to do social practice, because they are too young to fit the world. They say it’s a waste of time and energy. What’s more, there are no such chances.
As far as I’m concerned, … …