维a酸乳膏去扁平疣吗:英语中如何表达倍数及其译法

英语中如何表达倍数及其译法

倍数否定 

1. 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + 其他。

这种结构又常演变成下列两类：

①倍数 + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as；

②倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as。如：

There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。

There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.

这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。

2. 倍数 + 形容词（或副词）的比较级 + than + 其他。如：

The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。

3. 倍数 + the size / height / length / width. etc. + of + 其他。如：

This road is six times the length of that one. 这条路是那条路的六倍长。

4. 计量名词 + of + 名词 + be +倍数 + that + of + 其他。如：

The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.

新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。

5. 倍数+what从句。如：

The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

6. 倍数 + more + 名词 + than +其他。如：

There are nine times more books in his bag than in yours.

他书包里的书比你书包里的书多九倍。

7. 其他表达。如：

She’s twice/ double my age. 她的年龄是我的两倍。

The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.

与去年相比，该单位职工的收入已增加了50%。

He runs faster than me by three times. 他跑得比我快三倍。

【考查方向】

1)倍数在句中的位置一般放在第一个as前面或比较级前面或名词前面。

2)用times表示倍数时，一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double，一倍用once。

一、用times表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数, 一般twice。）。

其句型有:

1.... times＋形容词（副词）比较级＋than...

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）

The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。（是那辆卡车的三倍快）

2.... times＋as＋形容词（或much）或副词原级＋as...

The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

Ten is twice as much as five. 十是五的两倍。

The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）

3.... times＋the＋名词（size, height, weight, length, width）＋of

Your playground is 900 metres wide, three times the size of ours. 你们操场有900米宽, 是我们的三倍。

This street is four times the length of that one. 这条大街是那条街的四倍长。

This big tree is four times the height of that small one. 这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）

也可译成: The height of the big tree is four times that of that small one.

4.... times＋more＋名词（可数, 不可数）＋than...

There are four times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）

We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。（是去年的两倍）

5.... times ＋as many（或much）＋名词＋其它……

There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one. 这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。

There are five times as many students as we expected. 到的人是我们预计的五倍。

6.... times＋over＋被比对象表示“增加……倍”。如:

The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978. 那个村的粮食产量比一九七八年的增加了两倍。

7.... times＋thatof＋被比对象“是……倍”。如:

In this workshop, the output of July was 3. 5 times that of January. 这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的三点五倍。

二、用... ％（percent, per cent）＋up on＋被比对象

Altogether, more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.

我们地球的表面百分之七十以上被水覆盖。

Our factory's output of TV sets in 1998 was 400％ up compared with 1980. 1998年我们工厂电视机的产量与1980年相比增长 400％。

The industrial output of last year in our factory was 250％ up on that of 2000. 我们工厂去年的工业产量比2000年增加了 250％。（或增加两倍半）

三、用double表示倍数

1. double作形容词, “两倍的”。如:

The production is now double what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是十年前的两倍。

2. double作动词, “是……的两倍”。如:

The output has been doubled in the past five years. 过去五年中产量翻了一番。

其它表示法

练习:

A）把下列句子译成汉语。

1. 一米是一英尺的三倍多。

___________________________________________________________

2. 现在我们家乡学校的数量比解放前增加了四倍。

___________________________________________________________

3. 北京有我家乡城市的十个那么大。

___________________________________________________________

4. 这个房子是那个房子的两倍大。

___________________________________________________________

5. 早稻产量比去年提高百分之二十五。

___________________________________________________________

B）根据第一句, 完成第二、三句, 每空填一词, 使句意不变。

1. This river is three _________ times as wide as that one.

This river is __________ times the __________ of that one.

This river is __________ __________ than that one.

2. The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.

The meeting room is __________ times as __________ as our office.

The meeting room is __________ times the __________ of our office.

3. The new building is five tim es the height of the old one.

The new building is __________ times as __________ as the old one.

The new building is __________ times __________ than the old one.

答案:

A）1. A metre is 3 times more than（... is 3 times the length of）a foot.

2. There are now five times as many schools in my hometown as before liberation.

3. Beijing is ten times as big as（nine times larger than ／ten times the size of）my hometown.

4. This house is twice as large as that one.

5. The output of early rice is 25％ the height of last year's.

B）1. three, width; twice wider 2. three, big; three, size 3. five, high; four, higher

有这样一道高考题：
（ 2003 上海） The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying _______ here.
A. as three times much
B. as much three times
C. much as three times
D. three times as much
该题的正确答案为 D .显然本题是在考查倍数的表达法。
倍数表达法是高中英语教学的重点，也是历年的高考热点之一。掌握倍数的表达法对于同学们学好英语具有重要意义。下面对倍数的几种表达法作一归纳：
一、用 times 表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数，一般用 twice ）。其句式有：
1. “… times ＋形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than …”例如：
Line AB is three times longer than line CD.
线段 AB 是（线段） CD 的三倍长。
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。
2. “… times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as …”例如：
This table is three times as long as that one.
这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。
This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library.
这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本（厚度）的 5 倍。
3. “… times + the + 名词（如： size， height， weight， length， width 等）＋ of …”例如：
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。
This river is three times the depth of that one.
这条河是那条河的三倍深。
4. “… times + more ＋名词＋ than …”例如：
He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.
他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多 5 倍。
There are twice more students in our class than in theirs.
我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。
5. “… times +as many （或 much ）＋名词＋ as …”例如：
We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as （ we did ） ten years ago.
今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。（汉语中的多一倍实际上也指两倍一样多。）
He has got three times as many books as his sister.
他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的 3 倍。
6. “… times + what 从句”例如：
The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.
这条路的长度是三年前的 4 倍。
The price of the meat is twice what it was last year.
肉价是去年的两倍。
7.　“… times + up on （或 over ）…”例如：
The size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth.
太阳的体积比地球的体积大一百万倍。
He is three times up on your age.
他的年龄是你的 4 倍（或：比你的年龄大 3 倍）。
8. “… +by + … times ”例如：
Compared with last year， our coal output has increased by three times.
与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了 3 倍。
His speed is faster than mine by four times.
他的速度比我的快 4 倍。
9. “… times + compared with ＋被比较对象”例如：
The number of the students in our school has increased for times compared with 1980.
我们学校的学生人数比 1980 年增加了 3 倍。
10. “… times + that of + 被比较对象”例如：
In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.
这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的 3.5 倍。
二、用分数、百分数表示倍数。例如：
The box is one-third bigger than that one.
这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之一。
Last year the output value of industry was 59 percent higher than that of 1976.
去年工业产值比 1976 年增长了 59 ％。
My command of English is not half so good as yours.
我英语掌握得还不及你的一半儿好。
三、用 again （一倍）， double （两倍）， triple （三倍）， fourfold （四倍）等词表示倍数。
例如：
My Aunt is as old again as I am.
我姑姑的年龄比我大一倍。
The top-brand clothes are often sold as double the normal price here.
这里名牌衣服的售价经常比正常的售价高一倍。
The new work procedure tripled the output.
新工艺使产量增加两倍。
The output of grain increased fourfold.
粮食产量增加了三倍。
［巩固练习］
1. （ 2002 上海春） Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
2. （ 1998 上海） Paper produced every year is _______ the world’s production of vehicles.
A. the three weight of
B. three times the weight of
C. as three times heavy as
D. three times as heavier as
3. （ 1994 上海） With the help of the German experts， the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before.
A. as twice many　　　　　 B. as many twice
C. twice as many　　　　　 D. twice many as
4. （ MET 1992 ） This ship measures ________ that one.
A. as twice as long
B. as twice long as
C. twice long as
D. twice as long as
5. （ MET 1990 ） After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced _______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many
B. as many as
C. as twice as many
D. twice as many
Key： 1 － 5 DBCDD

英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于：英汉两语在

表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下：

倍数增加

(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①)

A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②)

A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③)

以上三句都应译为；A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].

Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three

times the length of )that one.

这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注：当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。

(二)increase to n times(④)

increase n times／n-fold(⑤)

increase by n times(⑥)

increase by a factor of n(⑦)

以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍(或：增加n-1倍)。

Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times

as compared with last year.

集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against

l986．

化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.

那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.

漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注：在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。

(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)

应译为：增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式：

Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.

据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)

Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled．

这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如：

A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as

B.(⑩)

应译为：A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。

A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.

【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)

应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。

倍数减少

(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)

A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13)

以上两句均应译为：A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。

Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.

氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。

Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.

这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。

注：当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。

(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14)

decrease by n times(15)

decrease by a factor of n(16)

以上三式均译为：减少到1/n[或：减少(n-1)/n]。

decrease常被reduce, shorten, go／slow down等词替代。

Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.

新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。

Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current

is stepped down by ten times.

电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。

Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.

该设备误差概率降低了4/5。

(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…

应译为：减至1/n [或：减少(n一1)/n]。(17)

这个句型还有其它一些形式,

Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed．

发现迅速减少到1/7。

Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in

weight.

这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。

从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出：与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍

数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④； 句型(13)表示的倍数比差＝句型12,且decrease(by)

3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。