中财网顾少的宠妻txt百度云:中国补贴新兴产业 美企能否招架？
来源：百度文库 编辑：中财网 时间：2024/04/28 01:25:36
2011年 10月 24日 08:53 中国补贴新兴产业 美企能否招架？
评论(8) 美国公司Solyndra LLC倒闭的后果之一在于，不管是否合理，它已经让美国人警觉起来，看到中国接受政府补贴的企业给美国多个行业构成了威胁。
关于Solyndra公司破产的真正原因，人们还在各执一词。这家太阳能企业是在获得5亿多美元的联邦贷款保证后破产的。
白宫坚持认为，这家公司倒闭的原因之一是中国太阳能产业的迅速崛起。美国行业团体认为，中国太阳能产业得到的政府补贴有助于中国企业与美国企业之间展开低价竞争。Solyndra引起高度关注的破产加上近期另外一些美国太阳能公司的倒闭，引发了有关这个问题的激烈讨论。
周三，一个由美国太阳能电池板生产商组成的团体要求华盛顿惩罚中国太阳能企业所谓在美国市场倾销产品的行为。这个团体的牵头方是在俄勒冈州生产太阳能电池板的德国公司SolarWorld AG。中国尚德电力控股有限公司(Suntech Power Holdings Co.)反驳倾销指控，说它是美国的“保护主义”。与此同时，消费者喜欢的是低廉的价格。
这场争议即将进一步陷入一团乱麻。中国长期用慷慨的贷款、廉价的土地和确定无疑的政府采购补贴其国有产业。现在，一系列新的产业马上也要获得北京的高度关注。
中国最新五年规划列出了七个“战略性新兴产业”，把它视为中国下一个发展阶段的关键，并承诺让政府投入巨资支持它们。这几个产业分别是新能源、生物、高端装备制造、节能环保、新能源汽车、新材料和新一代信息技术。
北京方面说，它希望这些产业在国内生产总值的比重能够从2010年的5%迅速扩大到2020的15%。美国国会的一篇分析报告说，虽然相关五年规划并没有专门提到补贴，但融资优惠、税收减免、电力和公用事业费用补贴、土地免费或优惠使用等标准补贴，却是可以由地方政府提供给这些产业的。
助推这些产业扩张的政府补贴的可能规模是很难计算的。公共事务咨询公司安可顾问(APCO Worldwide)说，当前五年规划期间政府和民间对七大新兴产业的投入规模，最高估计达人民币数万亿元，折合数千亿美元。不过它没有细说这些资金具体是投资于哪些方面。
昨天记者向中国商务部问起美国对中国补贴计划的抱怨，对方不予置评。针对美国对中国扶持其工业的批评，中国政府曾在过去予以反驳。
对于看着美国预算被削减、听着华盛顿有关联邦贷款担保价值的论战的美国公司，中国或许看起来简直是一个蜜罐。
位于马萨诸塞州韦斯特伯鲁(Westborough)的锂电池及系统生产商Boston-Power Inc.全球董事长欧纳鲁德(Christina Lampe-Onnerud)说，公司一直在中国有业务，并专注中国市场。当初该公司想为下一代产品融资时，曾与美国能源部接触，并考虑在美国开设一个工厂，但未能如愿，后来它在中国找到了一个心甘情愿的合作伙伴。
上个月，该公司宣布，中国政府将提供各类资金、低息贷款和相关金融和税收方面的激励措施，帮助该公司在上海设立一个制造厂。
该公司只是很多希望利用中国雄厚资金的众多美国公司中的一个。其他刚刚起步的公司也纷纷飞越太平洋，而美国大公司则早就与中国国有企业建立了合作关系。合资企业给美国公司提供了进入中国市场的途径，而且通过合作伙伴，美国公司还获得了各类高额政府补贴。中国则获得了新技术，增强了自己在全球市场的竞争力。
前美国能源部助理部长、目前就职于斯坦福的雷切尔(Dan Reicher)说，中国越来越多地被美国公司视为资金的来源和政策支持的来源；中国下一个五年规划以及在清洁能源方面的支出前景，规模都非常大。
代表美国公司的美国商会(U.S. Chamber of Commerce)和代表欧洲公司的BusinessEurope都要求监管部门敦促中国兑现承诺，让世界贸易组织(WTO)解决中国的补贴问题。
BusinessEurope本月在一份报告中说，中国曾承诺取消各种不符合WTO现行规定的补贴政策，然而，我们担心中国仍在众多行业使用违禁补贴项目。
本月早些时候，美国贸易代表柯克(Ron Kirk)称这种情况是“不能忍受的”，并向WTO报告了据他说中国没有报告的约200种补贴项目。他要求中国对此做出解释。
不过，尽管这样做听起来很大胆，中国却通常会忽视补贴方面的指责。就连柯克的办公室也说，中国加入WTO以来仅仅提供过一次有关补贴项目的情况报告。那还是在五年多之前，而且内容很不详细。
Subsidy Nation: Can U.S. Firms Compete Against China?
One of the consequences of the failure of Solyndra LLC is that, justifiably or not, it has set off alarms about subsidized Chinese companies threatening an array of U.S. industries.
Recriminations are still flying over what actually caused the bankruptcy of Solyndra, the U.S. solar-panel company that collapsed after getting more than $500 million in federal-loan guarantees.
The White House maintains that one contributing factor was the rapid rise of China's solar-energy industry. That industry is backed by government subsidies that U.S. business groups say help Chinese firms undercut their American competition. Solyndra's highly public collapse, lumped in with the recent bankruptcies of other U.S. solar companies, has energized the issue.
On Wednesday, a group of U.S. solar-panel makers, led by SolarWorld AG, a German company that makes panels in Oregon, asked Washington to punish Chinese solar firms for allegedly dumping products─or selling them at prices below cost─on the U.S. market. A Chinese solar firm, Suntech Power Holdings Co., rejected the charges as U.S. 'protectionism.' Consumers, meanwhile, like the cheap prices.
The controversy is about to get stickier. China has long subsidized its state-owned industries with liberal loans, cheap land and the certainty of government purchases. Now a new set of industries is about to get heightened attention from Beijing.
China's latest five-year plan identifies seven 'strategic emerging industries' as key to the nation's next phase of development and promises heavy government investment to support them. The industries are alternative energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation and environmental protection, clean-energy vehicles, new materials, and next-generation information technology.
Beijing says it wants to quickly expand these industries to 15% of the country's gross domestic product in 2020 from the 5% of GDP they comprised in 2010. 'While the [five-year plan] does not specify subsidies, standard subsidies like preferred financing, tax breaks, subsidized electricity and utility fees, free or subsidized land, etc., may be made available to SEIs by local governments,' notes a U.S. congressional analysis.
Calculating the value of potential government subsidies that would fuel this expansion is tricky. APCO Worldwide, a public-affairs firm, says that estimates of government and private spending on the seven emerging industries over the five year plan range into trillions of yuan, or many hundreds of billions of dollars, though it doesn't detail what that spending would be for.
The Chinese Commerce Ministry had no comment yesterday when asked about U.S. complaints about Chinese subsidy programs. The government in the past has rejected U.S. criticism of the country's support of its industry.
For American companies watching the U.S. budget being cut and hearing debate in Washington about the value of federal-loan guarantees, China might look like a honey pot.
Boston-Power Inc., a Westborough, Mass., maker of lithium-ion battery cells and systems, always had a foot in China and its focus on the Chinese market, says Christina Lampe-Onnerud, international chairman. When the company wanted to finance its next-generation product, it flirted with the Energy Department and with building a plant in the U.S. Getting no takers, it found a willing partner in China.
Last month, the company announced that 'the Chinese government is providing a range of grants, low-interest loans and related financial and tax incentives' that will help Boston-Power build a manufacturing facility in Shanghai.
Boston-Power is just one of many U.S. companies tapping China's pocketbook. Other fledgling companies have also jumped the Pacific, and big U.S. firms long ago tied up with Chinese state-owned enterprises. The joint ventures give the U.S. companies access to the Chinese market and, through their partners, the array of lucrative state subsidies. China, in turn, gets new technology that enhances its competitiveness in global markets.
'China is increasingly seen by U.S. companies as a source of capital and a source of policy support,' says Dan Reicher, a former Energy Department assistant secretary who is now at Stanford. 'The next five-year plan and the projections for spending on clean energy─they're just extraordinary.'
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and BusinessEurope, which represent companies in the U.S. and Europe respectively, have asked regulators to hold China's feet to the fire and get the subsidies issue addressed by the World Trade Organization.
China 'committed to eliminate all subsidies policies that would be inconsistent with existing WTO rules,' BusinessEurope said in a report this month. 'Yet there are concerns that China is still using prohibited subsidy schemes in a large number of sectors.'
Earlier this month, Ron Kirk, the U.S. Trade Representative, called the situation 'intolerable' and gave the WTO information on some 200 subsidy programs he said China had failed to report. He called on China to provide an explanation why.
But while that sounds bold, China has generally ignored admonitions about subsidies. Even Mr. Kirk's office says China has provided information about its subsidy programs only once since joining the WTO. And that was more than five years ago, and it was light on details.
JOHN BUSSEY
评论(8) 美国公司Solyndra LLC倒闭的后果之一在于，不管是否合理，它已经让美国人警觉起来，看到中国接受政府补贴的企业给美国多个行业构成了威胁。
关于Solyndra公司破产的真正原因，人们还在各执一词。这家太阳能企业是在获得5亿多美元的联邦贷款保证后破产的。
白宫坚持认为，这家公司倒闭的原因之一是中国太阳能产业的迅速崛起。美国行业团体认为，中国太阳能产业得到的政府补贴有助于中国企业与美国企业之间展开低价竞争。Solyndra引起高度关注的破产加上近期另外一些美国太阳能公司的倒闭，引发了有关这个问题的激烈讨论。
周三，一个由美国太阳能电池板生产商组成的团体要求华盛顿惩罚中国太阳能企业所谓在美国市场倾销产品的行为。这个团体的牵头方是在俄勒冈州生产太阳能电池板的德国公司SolarWorld AG。中国尚德电力控股有限公司(Suntech Power Holdings Co.)反驳倾销指控，说它是美国的“保护主义”。与此同时，消费者喜欢的是低廉的价格。
这场争议即将进一步陷入一团乱麻。中国长期用慷慨的贷款、廉价的土地和确定无疑的政府采购补贴其国有产业。现在，一系列新的产业马上也要获得北京的高度关注。
中国最新五年规划列出了七个“战略性新兴产业”，把它视为中国下一个发展阶段的关键，并承诺让政府投入巨资支持它们。这几个产业分别是新能源、生物、高端装备制造、节能环保、新能源汽车、新材料和新一代信息技术。
北京方面说，它希望这些产业在国内生产总值的比重能够从2010年的5%迅速扩大到2020的15%。美国国会的一篇分析报告说，虽然相关五年规划并没有专门提到补贴，但融资优惠、税收减免、电力和公用事业费用补贴、土地免费或优惠使用等标准补贴，却是可以由地方政府提供给这些产业的。
助推这些产业扩张的政府补贴的可能规模是很难计算的。公共事务咨询公司安可顾问(APCO Worldwide)说，当前五年规划期间政府和民间对七大新兴产业的投入规模，最高估计达人民币数万亿元，折合数千亿美元。不过它没有细说这些资金具体是投资于哪些方面。
昨天记者向中国商务部问起美国对中国补贴计划的抱怨，对方不予置评。针对美国对中国扶持其工业的批评，中国政府曾在过去予以反驳。
对于看着美国预算被削减、听着华盛顿有关联邦贷款担保价值的论战的美国公司，中国或许看起来简直是一个蜜罐。
位于马萨诸塞州韦斯特伯鲁(Westborough)的锂电池及系统生产商Boston-Power Inc.全球董事长欧纳鲁德(Christina Lampe-Onnerud)说，公司一直在中国有业务，并专注中国市场。当初该公司想为下一代产品融资时，曾与美国能源部接触，并考虑在美国开设一个工厂，但未能如愿，后来它在中国找到了一个心甘情愿的合作伙伴。
上个月，该公司宣布，中国政府将提供各类资金、低息贷款和相关金融和税收方面的激励措施，帮助该公司在上海设立一个制造厂。
该公司只是很多希望利用中国雄厚资金的众多美国公司中的一个。其他刚刚起步的公司也纷纷飞越太平洋，而美国大公司则早就与中国国有企业建立了合作关系。合资企业给美国公司提供了进入中国市场的途径，而且通过合作伙伴，美国公司还获得了各类高额政府补贴。中国则获得了新技术，增强了自己在全球市场的竞争力。
前美国能源部助理部长、目前就职于斯坦福的雷切尔(Dan Reicher)说，中国越来越多地被美国公司视为资金的来源和政策支持的来源；中国下一个五年规划以及在清洁能源方面的支出前景，规模都非常大。
代表美国公司的美国商会(U.S. Chamber of Commerce)和代表欧洲公司的BusinessEurope都要求监管部门敦促中国兑现承诺，让世界贸易组织(WTO)解决中国的补贴问题。
BusinessEurope本月在一份报告中说，中国曾承诺取消各种不符合WTO现行规定的补贴政策，然而，我们担心中国仍在众多行业使用违禁补贴项目。
本月早些时候，美国贸易代表柯克(Ron Kirk)称这种情况是“不能忍受的”，并向WTO报告了据他说中国没有报告的约200种补贴项目。他要求中国对此做出解释。
不过，尽管这样做听起来很大胆，中国却通常会忽视补贴方面的指责。就连柯克的办公室也说，中国加入WTO以来仅仅提供过一次有关补贴项目的情况报告。那还是在五年多之前，而且内容很不详细。
Subsidy Nation: Can U.S. Firms Compete Against China?
One of the consequences of the failure of Solyndra LLC is that, justifiably or not, it has set off alarms about subsidized Chinese companies threatening an array of U.S. industries.
Recriminations are still flying over what actually caused the bankruptcy of Solyndra, the U.S. solar-panel company that collapsed after getting more than $500 million in federal-loan guarantees.
The White House maintains that one contributing factor was the rapid rise of China's solar-energy industry. That industry is backed by government subsidies that U.S. business groups say help Chinese firms undercut their American competition. Solyndra's highly public collapse, lumped in with the recent bankruptcies of other U.S. solar companies, has energized the issue.
On Wednesday, a group of U.S. solar-panel makers, led by SolarWorld AG, a German company that makes panels in Oregon, asked Washington to punish Chinese solar firms for allegedly dumping products─or selling them at prices below cost─on the U.S. market. A Chinese solar firm, Suntech Power Holdings Co., rejected the charges as U.S. 'protectionism.' Consumers, meanwhile, like the cheap prices.
The controversy is about to get stickier. China has long subsidized its state-owned industries with liberal loans, cheap land and the certainty of government purchases. Now a new set of industries is about to get heightened attention from Beijing.
China's latest five-year plan identifies seven 'strategic emerging industries' as key to the nation's next phase of development and promises heavy government investment to support them. The industries are alternative energy, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation and environmental protection, clean-energy vehicles, new materials, and next-generation information technology.
Beijing says it wants to quickly expand these industries to 15% of the country's gross domestic product in 2020 from the 5% of GDP they comprised in 2010. 'While the [five-year plan] does not specify subsidies, standard subsidies like preferred financing, tax breaks, subsidized electricity and utility fees, free or subsidized land, etc., may be made available to SEIs by local governments,' notes a U.S. congressional analysis.
Calculating the value of potential government subsidies that would fuel this expansion is tricky. APCO Worldwide, a public-affairs firm, says that estimates of government and private spending on the seven emerging industries over the five year plan range into trillions of yuan, or many hundreds of billions of dollars, though it doesn't detail what that spending would be for.
The Chinese Commerce Ministry had no comment yesterday when asked about U.S. complaints about Chinese subsidy programs. The government in the past has rejected U.S. criticism of the country's support of its industry.
For American companies watching the U.S. budget being cut and hearing debate in Washington about the value of federal-loan guarantees, China might look like a honey pot.
Boston-Power Inc., a Westborough, Mass., maker of lithium-ion battery cells and systems, always had a foot in China and its focus on the Chinese market, says Christina Lampe-Onnerud, international chairman. When the company wanted to finance its next-generation product, it flirted with the Energy Department and with building a plant in the U.S. Getting no takers, it found a willing partner in China.
Last month, the company announced that 'the Chinese government is providing a range of grants, low-interest loans and related financial and tax incentives' that will help Boston-Power build a manufacturing facility in Shanghai.
Boston-Power is just one of many U.S. companies tapping China's pocketbook. Other fledgling companies have also jumped the Pacific, and big U.S. firms long ago tied up with Chinese state-owned enterprises. The joint ventures give the U.S. companies access to the Chinese market and, through their partners, the array of lucrative state subsidies. China, in turn, gets new technology that enhances its competitiveness in global markets.
'China is increasingly seen by U.S. companies as a source of capital and a source of policy support,' says Dan Reicher, a former Energy Department assistant secretary who is now at Stanford. 'The next five-year plan and the projections for spending on clean energy─they're just extraordinary.'
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and BusinessEurope, which represent companies in the U.S. and Europe respectively, have asked regulators to hold China's feet to the fire and get the subsidies issue addressed by the World Trade Organization.
China 'committed to eliminate all subsidies policies that would be inconsistent with existing WTO rules,' BusinessEurope said in a report this month. 'Yet there are concerns that China is still using prohibited subsidy schemes in a large number of sectors.'
Earlier this month, Ron Kirk, the U.S. Trade Representative, called the situation 'intolerable' and gave the WTO information on some 200 subsidy programs he said China had failed to report. He called on China to provide an explanation why.
But while that sounds bold, China has generally ignored admonitions about subsidies. Even Mr. Kirk's office says China has provided information about its subsidy programs only once since joining the WTO. And that was more than five years ago, and it was light on details.
JOHN BUSSEY