征途丹宝本人照片:2009年高考中英语的八种热点时态预测题(1)

高考预测系列稿件选编—英语（1）

高考中的八种热点时态

【预测试题】

1．— I’m sureAndrew will win the first prize in the final.

   — I think so. He        for it for months.

     A． is preparing                                     B． was preparing                           

       C． had been preparing                            D． has been preparing                           

2．By the timehe realizes he       into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to doanything about it.

     A． walks                                               B． walked             

       C． has walked                                        D． had walked                                      

3．— What’s thatnoise?

   — Oh, I forgot to tell you. The newmachine       .

   A． was tested                                          B． will be tested

   C． is being tested                                     D． has been tested                                 

4．Officials saythat few patients       with the virus owing to the effectiveprevention.

     A． infected                                            B． are infected

     C． haveinfected                                     D． be infected                                       

5．If theweather had been better, we could have had a picnic． But it       all day.

     A． rained                                               B． rains                                         

       C． has rained                                         D． is raining                                   

【答案剖析】

1．D．“for＋一段时间”常与完成时态连用，由第一句中的时态will win可知此时还在进行锻炼。 A不能与for months连用。B、C与现在、将来无关，故排除。

2．C．walk into a trap陷入困境。由从句谓语动词realizes可判断从句的宾语从句的谓语动作已经发生且强调结果，故排除A、B两项；D项过去完成时与realizes不一致，亦排除。搞清realizes与walk的先后顺序是关健。

3．C．“what’s that noise?”是解题关键，只有“机器正在调试中”才合题意。本题干扰词是forgot，学生易错选A项。

4．B．首先patients与谓语动词为被动关系，故排除A、C两项；再者主句谓语say的宾语从句谓语不可能用“be＋分词”形式。答案B一般现在时的被动语态表示现在的状况。

5．A．由had been better与could have had知是与过去相反的虚拟语气，But后为过去的事实，故用一般过去时。考生易受all day影响错选C项。

【考题解读】

动词时态语态一直是高考的重点，近两年高考考查的时态主要集中于：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦现在完成进行时；⑧过去完成时。

综观2008年考题，除湖北、广东卷，全国各省市都对动词的时态语态进行了考查，其中考查频率最高的是一般过去时（2007年也如此）。其次是现在完成时、现在进行时和一般现在时的主被动语态。

解答时态题关键是找出表示某一时态确切的时间状语，再结合句意语境进行选择。平时还要注意搞懂时态的区别，弄明白各时态所代表的具体含义。

【重点归纳】

热点一：一般现在时

1．一般现在时表示习惯性的、现在的反复出现的动作或状态。通常与其连用的时间状语有always／usually ／often／sometimes ／now／seldom／every day／once a month／now and then / occasionally等。

考例1：

— Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?

—Terry? Never! She ______ tents and fresh air!

  A． has hated                                          B． hated                                                C． will hate         D． hates

答案：D。

解析：表示习惯性动作或经常发生的行为用一般现在时。

2．表示客观存在的真理或科学事实（由直接引语变为间接引语时，一般时态保持不变）。

考例2：（2005　辽宁）

Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which_______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

  A． was called                                         B． is called                                     

  C． had been called                                 D． had been called

答案：B。

解析：所航行的海洋是太平洋，这是客观存在的事实。

3．在连词when／while／if／unless／until／as soon as等引导的表示将来行为的时间或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，但是如果从句中的will表示“意愿”，则可以保留will，此时的will仅仅是情态动词，而没有时态意义。

考例3：

— Do you have any problems if you ______ thisjob?

   — Well,I’m thinking about the salary….

   A．offer                 B．will offer         C． are offered       D． will be offered

答案：C。

解析：条件状语从句中往往用现在时表示将来，再结合句意知工作是被提供的。

4．少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定计划或安排要求发生的动作。

考例4：（2006　四川）

Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 ______ off at 18:20 .

     A． takes                   B． took                  C． will be taken         D． has taken

答案：A。

解析：飞机起飞时间一般是固定时间，每次都在这个时间起飞，所以要用一般现在时。

热点二：一般过去时

1．主要用来表示过去某个时间完成或一度存在的状态。常跟一个表示过去的时间状语连用，如then, yesterday, the other day等。有时省去时间状语，但从上下文语境中能体会出被省略的部分。

考例1：

I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book — I______it to you this morning!

A． wouldlend        B． was lending    C． had lent         D． lent

答案：D。

解析：由this morning及上下文知，此处用一般过去时。

考例2：

He       asa national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in theOlympics.

A．regarded            B． was regarded    C． has regarded     D． had been regarded

答案：B。

解析：根据语境“他为国家赢得第一枚奥运会金牌”，用一般过去时，he与regard之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。

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考例3：

He _____ footballregularly for many years when he was young.

A． was playing      B． played      C． has played     D． had played

答案：B。

解析：根据regularly和后面的时间状语从句可知描述的是过去的习惯行为。因为有for many years学生易错选D． had played，可过去完成时所表示的动作必须发生在过去的过去，与从句不符。

3．一般过去时还常与虚拟语气句连用，用以表示过去的事实，常用于or, otherwise前句或but后句中。

考例4：（2007　山东）

They       two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never havebeen able to afford to go.

  A． had got           B． got                   C． have got          D．get

考例5：

­   — If the traffic hadn’tbeen so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock .

—What a pity ! Tina        here to see you .

  A． is                                                     B． was                                                  C． would be        D． has been

答案：B、B。

4．在since, when,until等时间状语从句中，表示某行为动作起止或发生时间。

考例6：（2008　宁夏）

—Have you known Dr. Jackson for along time?

—Yes, since she        the Chinese Society.

  A． has joined                                          B． joins                                                 C． had joined             D． joined

考例7：

The moment the 28th Olympic Games       open, the whole world cheered．

A． declared                                B． have been declared

C． havedeclared                         D．were declared

答案：D、D。

5．两个或两个以上在过去接连发生的一连串动作用and或but连接时，按时间发生的顺序叙述要用一般过去时。

考例8：

Suddenly, atall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, _____ intothe woods.

  A． seizing; disappeared                                                                                   B． seized; disappeared

  C． seizing, disappearing                                                                                         D． seized, disappearing

答案：D。

解析：根据题中and可知took与seized是一连串的动作，由took排除A、C；disappearing是不及物动词，用现在分词作状语。

6．叙述某一动作或状态在过去持续了一段时间后终止用一般过去时。

考例9：

I       in London for many years, but I’ve neverregretted my final decision to move back to ChinA．

A． lived                   B． was living　       C． havelived         D． had lived

答案：A。

解析：根据but后分句可知，“在伦敦居住了许多年”发生在过去，未持续到现在，是过去的一段经历，故不能选C；语境中没有过去的时间或动作来明确“居住”的终止时间，故不能用D过去完成时。

热点三：一般将来时

表示在现在看来将要发生的行为动作或存在的状态。常见的将来时的表达方式有：

① shall／will＋do表示单纯的将来，其中will可以表示意愿或决心。

② be going to＋do表示⑴按照计划打算做……⑵根据客观迹象预示着……，它不可以表示单纯的将来。

③ be＋to do表示预定要做某事：am／is／are to do sth可以表示打算、计划做某事或是注定要如何，实际上体现了一般将来时的意义。

④ 在句型“祈使句＋and／or＋主语＋will……”中。

⑤ 进行时表示将来。象go／come／leave／return／stay／start／leave／arrive等表示移动或方向的动词用进行时态表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。

⑥ be about to do sth或be on the point of doing sth表示将来。这两个句型指的是“正要做……”表示眼下就要发生的动作，所以一般不再用具体将来时间的副词或副词性的短语作时间状语（但常与when引导的时间状语从句连用）。

考例1：

Nodecision        about any future appointment until all thecandidates have been interviewed．

     A． will be made                                      B． is made                                     

       C． is being made                                    D． has been made

考例2：

– Do you think we should accept that offer?

-- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck uptill now, and time __ out.

A． have had; is running                   B．had; is running

C． have; has been run                    D．have had; has been run

考例3：

– How can I apply for an onlinecourse?

– Just fill out this form and we_____ what we can do four you.

A． see                   B． are seeing       C． have seen      D． will see

答案：A、A、D

热点四：现在进行时

1．表示在说话的瞬间正在进行或发生的动作或者是当前一段时间内的活动情况或现阶段正在进行的动作（在说话时不一定进行）。在句中往往有now／just now（就在此时）等时间状语或是象Look!等提示词语，有的则是通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行。

考例1：

Teenagers        their health because they play computer gamestoo much.

  A． have damaged                                  B． are damaging                             C． damaged              D． will damage

答案：B。

解析：该句表示的是一种目前的状况并代表一种未来的趋势。这是命题的着眼点。

考例2：

—Have yougot any job offers?

—No. I______.

  A．waited                                              B． had been waiting                        

C． have waited                                         D． am waiting

答案：D。

解析：由句意知还没有得到工作邀请，所以一直在等。本题关键是掌握语境，区别现在完成时与现在进行时。

2．表示go/come/start/end/leave/arrive…来、去、开始、终结、离开、到达等意义的瞬间动词的进行时，可表示按照计划安排好的最近的将来要进行的动作。

考例3：

Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane       .

  A． takes off                                    B． is taking off     

C． has takenoff                                      D． took off

答案：B。

3．与always／continually／forever／all the time等表示时间的副词连用。表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹、表扬、抱怨、厌恶等情绪，体现出一定的感情色彩。（过去进行时也有此用法）如：

   You are always findingfault with others. 你总是挑别人的毛病。（表示抱怨）

   He is always thinking ofothers. 他总为他人着想。（表示赞许）

　 He was always ringing me up. 他过去老是给我打电话。（表示厌恶）

热点五：过去进行时

主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作，这一特定时间（时刻）常通过时间状语确定，但有时需要通过上下文暗示来把握。

考例1：

The telephone _______,but by the time I got indoors, it stopped．

  A． had rung                                           B． was ringing       

  C． rings                                                 D． has rung

考例2：

   — Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

   —Yes, I did． You know, my brother ________ in the match.

   A． isplaying                                          B．was playing     

       C．has played                                       D． had played

考例3：

— Has Sam finished his homeworktoday?

— I have no idea． He ______ it this morning.

       A．did                   B．has done            C．was doing        D． had done

答案：B、B、C。

解析：解题关键是把握特定时间点或时间段，并区别一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时及过去完成时的差异。

热点六：现在完成时

1．表示过去发生的事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现already, just, yet等副词。

考例1：

   Though we don’t know whatwas discussed, yet we can feel the topic        .

  A． had changed                                B． will change                           

  C． was changed                                                                  D． has been changed

答案：D。

解析：题意：尽管我们不知道刚才讨论了什么，但我们感觉到话题已经改变了。因为has been changed, 所以don’t know。

2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且还可能继续下去。常与lately, recently, o far, up to now, till now, in the past (last) fewyears, this week, all day, for …, since …等时间状语连用。

考例2：

   In recent years manyfootball clubs ______ as business to make aprofit.

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  C． had been run                                     D． will run

答案：B。

3．表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情，常和often, ever, never, before, once, …times等时间状语连用。

考例3：（2008　安徽）

   Ilike these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.

   A．taught         B． have taught     C．are taught        D．have been taught

答案：D。

4．现在完成时还用于下列句型中：

　　 This／It is thefirst (second…)time ＋主语＋ have／has done ＋… 表示这是某人第几次做某事。

　　 It has been／is ＋时间段＋ since＋主语＋谓语（过去时）＋… 表示“自从…多少年了”。

热点七：现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，现在正在进行着，而且还有可能要进行下去，强调进行的过程。具有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特征。

考例1：

Cathy istaking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she _____ English for a year.

   A． studies                                       B． studied          

       C． is studying                                  D． has been studying

答案：D。

解析：for a year常与完成时态连用，由主句知此时还在学习，故用现在完成进行时。

热点八：过去完成时

1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。强调“过去的过去”。状语常用的有before／when／after／by the time／by the end of …等。

考例1：（2008　北京）

The hotelwasn’t particularly good． But I ____ in many worse hotels.

  A．was staying                                      B． stayed                                             C． would stay                 D． had stayed

答案：D。

解析：这家宾馆用了一般过去时，更差的宾馆是以前住过的，即过去的过去。

2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与since,for, when, until等时间状语连用。

考例2：（2008　辽宁）

We first meton a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____ each other foryears.

A． knew                                                  B． have known                               

C． had known                                          D． know

答案：C。

解析：met, felt 及for years标志性的时间状语，感到相识多年是在相遇之前。

3．过去完成时常用于下列情形中：

　　表示过去打算但是未曾实现的想法、希望、计划或意图等　

主语＋had hoped／expected／intended／wanted／supposed／meant …“本来希望／打算／想…”

eg: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

　　用在hardly …when; no sooner …than “一…就…”; It wasthe first ( second, etc) time ( that)…“这是某人第几次做某事”等固定句型中。

eg: ① Hardly hadhe begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

② It was the third time that he hadbeen out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。

 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件从句或wish后的宾语从句中。

eg: ① If she had told me the truthyesterday, she wouldn’t have been scoldeD．如果昨天她把真相告诉我，她就不会挨批评了。

② If it hadn’t been for thedetermined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saveD． 要不是因为有意志坚定的船长，船上的旅客就不会得救。

③ I wish she had helped me with myEnglish last night, but she was too busy. 她昨晚要能帮我学英语就好了，可是她太忙了。

【真题回顾】

1．Thewet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front          to arrive.

    A． is expected                                        B． is expecting                                       C． expects         D． will be expected

2．Populationexperts predict that most people ______ in cities in the near future

    A． live                                             B． would live                             

    C． will live                                         D． have lived          　

3．—Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?

   —Who _______ it?

  A． writes                 B． has written     C． wrote          D． had written   　

4．I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but Icouldn’t get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!

A． was talking                                          B． has been talking                         

C．has talked                                            D． talked　　　　　

5．So far this year we ____  a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10percent.

A． saw                 B． see             C． had seen        D． have seen　　　　

6．The moment I got home, I found I        my jacket on the playground．

A． hadleft                                              B． left                                                C． have left                   D． was leaving　　　

7．–Did you go to the show last night?

–Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area         invited

    A． were                                              B． have been                              

    C． has been                                       D． was　　　　　

8．We live dayby day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so smallthat a day is unimportant.

A． is                B． are           C． has been          D． have been　 　　

9．—Did you tidy your room?

  — No, I was going to tidy my roombut I _____ visitors.

A． had                      B． have                  C． have had            D． will have 　　 　

10．They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____to each other for nearly two years.

    A． didn't speak                                     B． hadn't spoken                            C． haven' t spoken            D． haven' t been speaking

答案：ACCAD　ADAAB