趣店逾期:中学英语词法、句法、错误辨析8
词。
[误] One third of the books is sent to the students.
[正] One third of the books are sent to the students.
[析] 几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Two thirds of the work is done.
open
[误] Are the banks opened today?
[正] Are the banks open today?
[析] 要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看: Are the banks closed today?这一句是正确的。
or
[误] He doesn't drink and smoke.
[正] He doesn't drink or smoke.
[析] 否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.
[误] He neither drinks or smokes.
[正] He neither drinks nor smokes.
other
[误] Where are the others students?
[正] Where are the other students?
[正] Where are the others?
[析] other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如: Ask some other eople. 而加定冠词后为特指。 the other可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如: Now let me show you the other. (宾语) He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. (主语) others 只能作代词,而the others则为特指,如: There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.
out
[误] She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.
[正] She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.
[析] out of是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。
P
paper
[误] Please give me two letter papers.
[正] Please give me two sheets of letter paper.
[析] paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。
[误] Each student must write paper on what he learned.
[正] Each student must write a paper on what he learned.
[析] 这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。
parent
[误] My parents and I are both interested in football.
[正] My parents and I are all interested in football.
[析] parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.
pass
[误] The ship pasted the channel.
[正] The ship passed the channel.
[析] pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如: My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.
pay
[误] Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.
[正] Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.
[析] 为某工作付给工人工资应为pay somebody, 而pay for something是为某物付款,如: You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.
people
[误] There are five hundred peoples here.
[正] There are five hundred people here.
[误] There is only one people.
[正] There is only one person.
[误] People there is friendly.
[正] People there are friendly.
[析] people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用one person, 而不能用people, 讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词. 如: people-a person; police-policeman policewoman; youth-a young man/woman.
picture
[误] There are some spots in the picture.
[正] There are some spots on the picture.
[误] There is a young woman on the picture.
[正] There is a young woman in the picture.
[析] 指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是on the picture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而in the picture用于讲画面的内容。
pity
[误] What pity that her mother must always suffer!
[正] What a pity that her mother must always suffer!
[析] pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如: I feel pity for you. 它还可以用作动词,如: He pitied the poor people.
[误] I have pity for you.
[正] I have pity on you.
[析] 可怜某人时应用have (take) pity on somebody,这是个惯用法。
place
[误] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.
[正] Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).
[析] 到处译为英文时为from place to place请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为door by door,手拉手为hand in hand.
[误] The accident was taken place in that street.
[正] The accident took place in that street.
[析] take place为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。
[误] There is no place in the bus.
[正] There is no room in the bus.
[析] room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。
[误] I came here to take place of Mr Smith.
[正] I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.
[析] take the place of 意为代替、取代某人某事。
play
[误] Do you want to play guitar?
[正] Do you want to play the guitar?
[误] I like to play the bridge.
[正] I like to play bridge(桥牌).
[析] play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。
please
[误] My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.
[正] My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.
[析] please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如: She always does what she pleases. (她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如: It's hard to please all. 而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如: Please come in.
[误] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.
[正] Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.
[析] 对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用be pleased with somebody. 对某事感到高兴和满意时多用be pleased at或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.
pleasure
[误] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.
[正] The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.
[析] pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐 讲时为不可数名词。
[误] It is pleasure to work with you.
[正] It is a pleasure to work with you.
[析] pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为 可数名词,如: It is one of my pleasures.
police
[误] The police has not found the cause of the accident.
[正] The police have not found the cause of the accident.
[析] police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察 要用a policeman,两个要用two policemen,或a policewoman, two policewomen.
prepare
[误] I'm preparing the exam.
[正] I'm preparing for the exam.
[误] We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner.
[正] We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.
[析] prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时 其后面所跟的事物是正在 准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如: I'm preparing for the exam. 应
译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与search for.
present
[误] Don't worry. I can present the meeting.
[正] Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.
[析] present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应 用作动词。其动词意为 送给;赠给;提出,如: The reporter presented arguments of his idea.
put
[误] She put off her red dress and put on the green one.
[正] She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.
[析] 与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意 义的介词,如: turn on (打开),turn off(关上),穿衣服是put on,但脱衣服却只能用take off,而put o ff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如: They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因国家假日而推迟考期。)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. (请在市政厅让我下车。)Please put off the wireless before you leave. (走之前 请关掉无线电。)
R
radio
[误] There are two radioes in the classroom.
[正] There are two radios in the classroom.
[误] I heard the weather report through the radio.
[正] I heard the weather report on the radio.
[析] 在收音机中听到某事应为hear something on the ra dio,听收音机应为l isten to the radio. 这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watch TV,讲在电视上看见什 么节目为watch…on TV,如: I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意,作为 一种通信手段时应为by radio, 如: Police are talking to each other by radio. rain
[误] There is a small rain falling.
[正] There is a light rain falling.
[误] There is a big rain.
[正] There is a heavy rain.
[析] 大雨在英文中应为a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 为倾盆大雨,小雨 为a light rain. 千万不要讲a big rain 或a small rain. 当作动词讲时,雨下得很 大可译为: It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.
reach
[误] We reached to the town very late.
[正] We reached the town very late.
[析] reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动 词。但要注意reach的词组 搭配,如reach for, 为伸手去拿,如: The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手,如: He reached out and took an interesting book.
ready
[误] You must ready at once.
[正] You must be ready at once.
[析] ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。
remember
[误] I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.
[正] I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.
[析] remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完, 如: I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如: Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.
rest
[误] The rest of the students is girls.
[正] The rest of the students are girls.
[析] rest作剩余部分讲时,the rest of…结构作主语时 其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3 of, 80% of等。
[误] The rest of the work are done.
[正] The rest of the work is done.
return
[误] My friends returned back to their second home town .
[正] My friends returned to their second home town.
[析] return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以 表述为: My friends went back to their second home town.
rice
[误] We had a few rice and some bread.
[正] We had a little rice and some bread.
[析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。
rice
[误] We had a few rice and some bread.
[正] We had a little rice and some bread.
[析] rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。
rich
[误] The country is rich of oil.
[正] The country is rich in oil.
[析] be rich in 为盛产……。
[误] The rich is not always happy.
[正] The rich are not always happy.
[析] 形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。
[误] All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill.
[正] All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill.
[析] riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这 样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。
river
[误] We like swimming on the river.
[正] We like swimming in the river.
[误] We like boating in the river.
[正] We like boating on the river.
[析] 游泳用in the river,而在湖中划船要用on the river.
room
[误] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.
[正] There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.
[析] room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leave room for… 为给某人留点空地; make room for…为让位给某人,如: The young man made room for an old woman.
run
[误] I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .
[正] I ran across an old friend at the school gate.
[析] run across 为偶然相遇。
[误] The truck ran across the cat.
[正] The truck ran over the cat.
[析] run over为从……上辗过。
[误] Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.
[正] Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.
[析] run into为撞上或撞在……上。
S
safe
[误] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.
[正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.
[析] safe是形容词,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词,如: safety island(安全岛),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
same
[误] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.
[正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.
[析] the same that意为"即是",而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"
[误] Your book is not same as mine.
[正] Your book is not the same as mine.
[析] the same as中的定冠词不能少。
say
[误] His report wrote she is nineteen.
[正] His report says she is nineteen.
[析] 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.
say speak talk tell
英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 请看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.
sea
[误] As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.
[正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.
[析] go to sea为"去当水手、海员";而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.
在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行",如: I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如: We travelled to New York by sea.
second
[误] I want to learn the second foreign language.
[正] I want to learn a second foreign language.
[析] 当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序,a second强调再增加一个。
see
[误] He was seen leave the room.
[正] He was seen to leave the room.
[析] see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。
sheep
[误] There are five sheeps on the grass.
[正] There are five sheep on the grass.
[析] sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有: deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。
ship
[误] I travelled on a yacht.
[正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).
[析] 虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.
sick
[误] The little boy was a ill boy.
[正] The little boy was a sick boy.
[析] sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.
since
[误] He is living in Greece since 1978.
[正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.
[正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.
[析]
由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。
[误] She has been quite different since came back from America.
[正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.
[析] 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。
sleep
[误] The boy was very asleep.
[正] The boy was fast asleep.
[析] 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car,而美国人讲sleeper.
slow
[误] Slow the door opened.
[正] Slowly the door opened.
[析] slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.
smile
[误] She smiled to me.
[正] She smiled at me.
[析] "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.
so
[误] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.
[正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.
[正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.
[析] 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况: ① 用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.
[误] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.
[正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.
[正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
[正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.
some
[误] Do you have some lessone to prepare?
[正] Do you have any lessons to prepare?
[析] 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.
在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱。
sometime
[误] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.
[正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.
sometime sometimes some times sometime
sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻",如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次",如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如: I want to leave some time.
soon
[误] The room as soon as became crowded.
[正] The room soon became crowded.
[析] soon为"不久"、"很快",如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……",如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.
sound
[误] The report sounds well.
[正] The report sounds good.
[析] sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如: How sweet the music sounds!
sport
[误] Are you going to run in the school sprot?
[正] Are you going to run in the school sprots?
[析] sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.
spring
[误] I'll visit America in this spring.
[正] I'll visit America in spring.
[正] I'll visit America this spring.
[析] 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词,则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天,所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.
start
[误] What time will you start to San Francisco?
[正] What time will you start for San Francisco?
[析] start与leave一样,其后接"for+目的地"。
begin start
begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作",如: The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲,如: Do you know how to start this machine.
still
[误] Oh, it is still raining now.
[正] Oh, it is still raining.
[析] 因still即包含有现在仍然如何,所以now是多余词。
still yet already
still一般与动词连用,可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续,特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑问句与否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用,可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.
stop
[误] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.
[正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.
[析] stop to do something是"停下来去做某事",而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。
street
[误] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.
[正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.
[析] street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指乡间的"路"。
strict
[误] You ought to be strict to him.
[正] You ought to be strict with him.
[析] be strict with是"对……严格的"。
such
[误] Do you want to have such a dictionary?
[正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary?
[正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that?
[析] such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词",如: It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意",如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。
sure
[误] I am quite sure for that answer.
[正] I am quite sure of that answer.
[析] sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.
sweet
[误] Honey tastes sweetly.
[正] Honey tastes sweet.
[析] sweet可以作为名词,意为"糖果",是可数名词,如: May I have a sweet?作形容词,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词,意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词,其后面要接形容词而不是副词。
T
take
[误] This year I want to take the driver's license.
[正] This year I want to get the driver's license.
[析] take可以作为动词,意为"拿"、"取",如: I want to take my mail. 而要获得某种证书、证明,要用get而不用take, take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程,如: This term I want to take both French and Spanish.
[误] The accident was taken place at the street corner.
[正] The accident took place at the street corner.
[析] take place与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。
[误] Do you take me as a fool?
[正] Do you take me for a fool?
[析] take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为",而这一意思还可以用于I took you to be the best friend. (我把你认作是最好的朋友。)
[误] My English teacher was ill. Who will take place her?
[正] My English teacher was ill. Who will take the place of her?
[析] take the place of…意为"取代"。
talk
[误] Yesterday I met an old friend. We talked many things.
[正] Yesterday I met an old friend. We taked about many things.
[析] talk是不及物动词。
team [误] Our team likes seeing film.
[正] Our team like seeing film.
[析] team与family,class等词一样,指整体时为单数名词。如: Our team is excellent, 而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。
than
[误] They made fewer mistakes this term than they made last lerm.
[正] They made fewer mistakes this term than they did last lerm.
[析] 当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时,第二次要用do来代替,以避免重复。
[误] You make me do more then anybody I know.
[正] You make me do more than anybody I know.
[误] I got into the restroom than someone knocked at the door.
[正] I got into the rest room then someone knocked at the door.
[析] than与then不要误用。
then
[误] We went to the cinema, then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[正] We went to the cinema, and then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[正] We went to the cinema; then went to a Chinese restaurant.
[析] then作"然后"讲时,在then前应加分号而不用逗号,或加逗号用and then,但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号,如: First come Tom, then Mary.
think
[误] I think you are not right.
[正] I don't think you are right.
[析] think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的,如: I think you are right. 但在宾语从句是否定意思时,要否定think,如: I don't think you are right.
[误] I think he will come here, do I?
[正] I think he will come here, wont he?
[析] think加宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语,助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:如主句用肯定句,则反意疑问句用否定句,反之亦然。
[误] People think very high of his work.
[正] People think very highly of his work.
[析] think highly of为"对某人某事评价很高"。
[误] When we talk about Chinese people we always think the Yellow River.
[正] When we talk about Chinese people we always think about the Yellow River.
[析] think about意为"想起"、"想到"。
thousand
[误] He got thousand of books from a secondhandbook shop.
[正] He got thousands of books from a secondhandbook shop.
[析] 虽然two thousand, three thousand在thousand后都不加s,但thousands of则为"数千",该结构中一定要加s。
through
[误] I had a long distance call with John throught the telephone.
[正] I had a long distance call with John on the telephone.
[误] It took us two hours to walk across the forest.
[正] It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
[析] across是表示在一平面上进行的动作,而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如: The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.
throw
[误] He threw a stone to me.
[正] He threw a stone at me.
[析] "扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是at me,我向他扔石头则为to him,但throw at还有寻衅之意,如: Stop throwing stones at the cars. 这时不要误用to.
time
[误] The doctor came on time so she was saved.
[正] The doctor came in time so she was saved.
[析] in time为"及时赶到",如: Do you think we can get there in time for the first act. 而on time 意为"准时",如: The train arrived on time.
[误] It is time we go home.
[正] It is time we should go home.
[正] It is time we went home.
[析] "是该作某事的时候了",其句形为: ① It is time for somebody to do something. ② "It is time+从句",从句中用"should+动词原形",或直接用动词的过去式。
[误] Let's hurry. We haven't many times.
[正] Let's hurry. We haven't much time.
[误] I have been to America two times.
[正] I have been to America twice.
[析] time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是one time,而是once;"二次"不是two times,而是twice;"三次"则是three times.
too
[误] This box is too heavy to lift it.
[正] This box is too heavy to lift.
[析] 在too…to这一结构中,如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的,则不要重复。
[误] The child is too young not to go to school.
[正] The child is too young to go to school.
[析] too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……",但下面的句子则不能照此翻译: I'm too glad to meet you. 应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。
[误] There is much too noise.
[正] There is too much noise.
[析] "much too+形容词",而"too much+不可数名词"。
[误] You have bought too much tomatoes.
[正] You have bought too many tomatoes.
[析] too many后才加可数名词。
also as well too
这三个词是近义词,但其用法各有不同。其一,too和as well通常用于句末,如: She went to the cinema and her brother went too. 而also则不用于句末,如: I've also read her other novels. 其二,这三个词都不用于否定句中,否定句中用not…either,或neither/nor…,如: He isn't here either.
trousers
[误] My trouser is getting smaller and smaller.
[正] My trousers are getting smaller and smaller.
[析] 英语中trousers, pants, shorts(短裤),glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。
[误] This pair of glasses are very good.
[正] This pair of glasses is very good.
[析] 有了量词a pair of,其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如: two pairs of…的谓语动词就要用复数。
try
[误] I tried to send her flowers but it didn't have any effect.
[正] I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect. (我试着给她送花,但没有什么结果。)
[误] Please try understanding it.
[正] Please try to understand it.
[析] "try+动名词"的意思是"试一试",或"做某事看看会发生什么情况",而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。
U
under
[误] The lake is two meters under sea level.
[正] The lake is two meters below sea level.
[析] under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lower than, 即"低于"。
[误] Under the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.
[正] With the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.
understand
[误] I think it is diffcult to make myself to understand.
[正] I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.
[析] 这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。
[误] I am understanding the lesson now.
[正] I understand the lesson now.
[析] understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong, find, hear, love, like等。
until
[误] We walked until the edge of the forest.
[正] We walked as far as the edge of the forest.
[误] Our school bus can hold until twenty children.
[正] Our school bus can hold up to twenty children.
[析] until与till两词的意思一样,但两个词都只能用于时间,如: I'll wait until I hear from you.
[误] I waited for my mother to seven o'clock, but she didn't come.
[正] I waited for my mother until seven o'clock, but she didn't come.
[误] Can you return this book until Monday?
[正] Can you return this book by Monday?
[析] 当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until,而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。
[误] We arrived home until it became dark.
[正] We didn't arrived home until it became dark.
[析] until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止",如: They worked until 5∶00 P. M. 用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词,但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。
upstairs
[误] He went to upstairs.
[正] He went upstairs.
[析] upstairs一词可用作副词,如: We all hurried upstairs to see what happened. 也可用作名词,如; The upstairs of the house needs painting. 同时也可以用作形容词,如: A house with three upstairs rooms is quite good.
use
[误] It is no use to ask her.
[正] It is no use asking her.
[析] It is no use…与There is no use…后通常用动名词,而不用不定式。
[误] I'll get used to treat the students this way.
[正] I'll get used to treating the students this way.
[析] be used to与get used to后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。
[误] I used to getting up early in the morning.
[正] I used to get up early in the morning.
[析] used to表示过去习惯的动作,其后要加动词原形。
[误] Oil was used to cooking.
[正] Oil was used to cook.
[析] 这里的句型虽然也是be used to但这里不是主动态,而是被动态,所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。
[误] We used to go to the Great Wall three times.
[正] We went to the Great Wall three times.
[析] used to只能用来表示一种习惯,而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。
V
very
[误] Thank you indeed.
[正] Thank you very much indeed.
[析] indeed用来修饰very much, 但要放其后面,而且也不要单独使用。
[误] The baby was very asleep.
[正] The baby was fast asleep.
[析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如: I'm wide awake. (我全醒了。)再如: all alone(十分孤独),much afraid等。
[误] The thing seems to be very improved.
[正] The thing seems to be much improved.
[析] 有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词,而much修饰过去分词,这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作,而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much,而某些形容词化的过去分词,还是要用very来修饰的,如: I am very tired.
[误] There is very less water in the river than usual.
[正] There is much/far less water in the river than usual.
[析] very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而要用far, much等来修饰。
W
wait
[误] Tomorrow I will wait you at the bus stop.
[正] Tomorrow I will wait for you at the bus stop.
[析] wait是不及物动词,"等人"要用wait for somebody;而wait up为"不睡觉等候某事",如: I'll wait up tonight.
walk
[误] I think she went a walk yesterday.
[正] I think she went out for a walk yesterday.
[析] 散步在英文中要讲have a walk, take a walk.如果用go要用go for a walk.
want
[误] The flowers want to water.
[正] The flowers want watering.
[析] want在这里作为"需要"讲,其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"
[误] Do you want someone go along with you?
[正] Do you want someone to go along with you?
[析] want somebody to do something为一固定用法。
wash
[误] Are you going to mak washing this weekend?
[正] Are you going to do washing this weekend?
[析] do washing为"洗衣服",是固定搭配。
watch
[误] Your watch is what time?
[正] What time is it by your watch?
[析] 一定要记住英文的习惯用法。
[误] The mother want to watch the children to play on the grass.
[正] The mother want to watch the children play (playing) on the grass.
[析] watch的用法同see, hear等词。
way
[误] Please move the chair, it is on the way.
[正] Please move the chair, it is in the way.
[析] in the way 为"挡道",而on the way为"在路上",如: on my way home (在回家路上),on his way to the station(在他去火车站的路上)。而by the way是"顺便说",如: By the way, have you heard from Joan recently?
[误] The students were on their way to home.
[正] The students were on their way home.
[析] home在这里为副词。
wear
[误] The little girl is old enough to wear herself.
[正] The little girl is old enough to dress herself.
[析] wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。
what
[误] I want to know what to do it?
[正] I want to know what to do? [误] I want to know how to do?
[正] I want to know how to do it?
[析] what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。
when
[误] I'd cook you nice meal when you'd come home in the evening.
[正] I'd cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.
[析] 在when引导的状语从句中,要用一般时表示将来,即主句中是将来时,从句中应用一般现在时,如主句中是过去将来时,从句中应用一般过去时。如: I'll be back when you come back from school.
[误] When in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.
[正] When Tom was in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.
[析] 复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下,才有可能省略,如: When young he had to work all day.
[误] We'll go to the park when it doesn't rain tomorrow.
[正] We'll go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
[析] if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何;而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情,如: I'll see you in September when I come back. [误] I don't know when he comes home tomorrow.
[正] I don't know when he will come home tomorrow.
[析] when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时,而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。
where
[误] I don't know where to go to.
[正] I don't know where to go.
[析] where是疑问副词。
whether
[误] It is unknown if he will come.
[正] It is unknown whether he will come.
[析] if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语,其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether:
① I didn't know whether you'll go or not. (因句中有or not选项。)
② He didn't know whether to visit the old man. (因用于不定式前。)
③ I'm interested in whether he'll go. (因作介词的宾语从句。)
④ I want to know the news whether our team will win. (同位语从句。)
⑤ Let me know whether you can come. (此句如用if则含意有所不同,其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)
who
[误] Whom do you think would like to come for a game of football?
[正] Who do you think would like to come for a game of football?
[析] 在这个句式中"do you think"应看作插入语,所以原句应为Who would like to come for a game of football?
[误] From who was the gift?
[正] From whom was the gift?
[正] Who was that gift from?
[析] 在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom,而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.
why
[误] Why not to go to the park?
[正] Why not go to the park?
[析] why not后面接不带to的不定式,也可以用why don't you go with her?
win
[误] We have won your class.
[正] We have beaten your class.
[析] win 是及物动词,其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金,如: Which team won the football match?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人,如: My brother beat me at poker. (请注意,beat是不规则动词,其过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten. )
wish
[误] I hope you to be a good student.
[正] I wish you to be a good student.
[析] hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语,而wish则可以,如: I wish you luck. (我祝你走运。)
without
[误] I can't do this work well without you help me.
[正] I can't do this work well without your help.
[析] without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。
work
[误] This girl is looking for a work at the bank.
[正] This girl is looking for a job at the bank.
[析] "找工作"一般应为to find a job,而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时,为可数名词,如: This painting is one of his great works. 而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同,如:an iron works或two iron works. 作主语时其谓语动词可用单数,如: The steel works is closed for the holidays.
write
[误] You may write with ink.
[正] You may write in ink.
[正] You may write with a pen.
[析] "用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么: 如果用钢笔则应用with, 如: Please fill in this form with a pen. 但讲用墨水时则要用in.
Y
yesterday
[误] I came across my old friend yesterday night.
[正] I came across my old friend last night.
[析] "昨晚"应译为last night.