中财网dnf男气功换装搭配:抗日战争时期毛泽东文化建设思想略论
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抗日战争时期毛泽东文化建设思想略论2011年12月14日08:22 来源：《光明日报》抗日战争时期毛泽东文化建设思想略论--中国共产党新闻
秧歌剧《兄妹开荒》等文艺演出在延安深受群众欢迎
冼星海指挥鲁艺同学演唱《黄河大合唱》
抗日战争时期，为了坚持抗日民族统一战线，争取抗战最后胜利，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人提出大力加强根据地文化建设，以文化发展繁荣促进根据地政治、经济、军事建设，为保障抗战胜利以及新民主主义革命胜利指引了前进方向，凝聚起伟大力量，也为我们今天促进社会主义文化大发展大繁荣提供了成功借鉴和重要指导。
一、重视文化建设的重要性和紧迫性
抗日战争时期，毛泽东高度重视根据地文化建设，结合抗战每一个阶段的基本形势、主要任务，提出和实行了加强根据地文化建设的具体措施，扎实推进根据地各项建设。
全面抗战爆发前夕，毛泽东就在中国文艺协会成立大会上提出，“现在我们不但要武的，我们也要文的了，我们要文武双全。”“要从文的方面去说服那些不愿停止内战者，从文的方面去宣传教育全国民众团结抗日。”毛泽东从文化与政治、经济、军事的相互关系角度，阐述了文化建设的重要性和紧迫性，“至于文化，它是政治、经济的反映，又指导政治、经济；它反映军事，又指导军事。” 这就是说，文化对政治、经济、军事具有能动性；如果不发展文化，政治、经济、军事的发展必然要受到阻碍。因此，抗日战争时期，毛泽东多次强调各根据地要注重文化建设。
加强根据地文化建设，首要和关键的是要加强根据地的文化教育事业，改变边区绝大多数人民群众的文盲半文盲现状。毛泽东指出：“一个革命干部，必须能看能写，又有丰富的社会常识与自然常识，以为从事工作的基础与学习理论的基础，工作才有做好的希望，理论也才有学好的希望。”他提出，为了普遍提高边区干部和群众的文化水平，必须发展学校教育。1939年初毛泽东在陕甘宁边区第一届参议会上提出，边区要“办初级的、中级的、高级的学校，开展识字运动，使边区人民大大提高文化水准”。为普及国民教育，毛泽东提出要多办学校，“在乡村里，一个村办一个小学，”以方便群众就近学习。1940年底，毛泽东在给中原局电报中指出：“开办大规模学校是你们开展工作的中心一环。”在毛泽东的要求和指导下，抗战时期边区文化事业得到了很大发展。到1940年，陕甘宁边区已建有小学1341所和中等学校7所，小学生达到4.36万余人；后来还办起了师范学校。
在注重加强文化教育的同时，毛泽东主张全面发展包括报纸、书刊等在内的各种文化事业。他提出，各根据地的领导同志“要以很大的精力来注意（报纸）这个工作”。为鼓励延安各机关、各抗日根据地积极办报，毛泽东还提出要“全党办报”，每个根据地都要建立印刷厂，出版书报。各抗日根据地积极响应中央号召，发展文化出版事业，如在山西太岳根据地内除出版发行《太岳日报》外，还出版了包括《文化动员》、《太岳导报》、《前线》在内的多种刊物。
抗日根据地文化教育事业的发展繁荣，使一些世代不识字的农民开始学习文化知识，关心国家大事，在政治上文化思想上得到启蒙和提高，增强了干部群众的抗日意识，提高了他们的抗日积极性，为夺取抗战胜利提供了思想动力。
二、强调文化建设要服务于党的政治目标的实现
全面抗战开始后，发动全民抗战、夺取抗战胜利，成为中国共产党的核心任务。以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人积极转变革命策略，大力加强文化建设，积极培植抗战力量，确保了抗日战争的最终胜利。
党的文化工作“是服从党在一定革命时期内所规定的革命任务的。”抗战时期，党的中心任务就是争取抗战胜利，因此，文化建设就要紧紧围绕着有利于抗战事业发展来推进。1937年全面抗战爆发后不久，毛泽东就提出，文化事业必须服从目前抗战的需要，“新闻纸、出版事业、电影、戏剧、文艺，一切使合于国防的利益。”1937年8月25日，毛泽东又在为中共中央宣传部起草的宣传提纲中提出：为适应当前抗战的现实，“改变教育的旧制度、旧课程，实行以抗日救国为目标的新制度、新课程。”1937年11月，毛泽东在延安陕北公学开学典礼上指出：“学习的人、教育的人都是为着一个目的，这就是挽救民族与社会危机。”1938年4月，毛泽东在陕甘宁边区国防教育会成立大会上指出：“战争规定一切和改变一切，目前的战争是打日本，教育的方针也是打日本，教育方针是根据政治方针而转变的。国防教育的任务是教育和训练全国人民参加抗战，求得民族解放。”1940年底，毛泽东在起草的党内指示中，强调文化教育政策“应以提高和普及人民大众的抗日的知识技能和民族自尊心为中心”。
在学术研究上，毛泽东提出要紧紧围绕抗战大局来开展，以学术研究的发展繁荣积极推进抗战事业的进展。1939年初毛泽东写信给何干之，鼓励他研究我国民族史，用历史证明“民族抵抗与民族投降两条路线的谁对谁错”，在民族史研究中要“把南北朝、南宋、明末、清末一班民族投降主义者痛斥一番，把那些民族抵抗主义者赞扬一番”，以历史事实说明坚持抗战的正确性，从而达到反对投降、鼓舞坚持抗战的现实目的。1940年9月，毛泽东又写信给范文澜，鼓励他对中国历史上的经学进行一次系统研究，以此作为对当时大地主大资产阶级消极抗日的有力批判武器。
戏剧是边区人民群众喜闻乐见的艺术形式，能够起到很好的宣传教育和启迪作用。1938年4月，毛泽东提出，艺术作品“要有好的内容，要适合时代的要求”，在抗日战争时期，戏剧就要“注意增加表现抗敌或民族英雄的剧目”。他非常重视戏剧编排演出，多次给予关心指导，高度称赞了边区文艺作家编写的反映敌后抗日斗争生活的戏剧，如《晋察冀的乡村》、《荒村之夜》等。
三、发挥文化建设凝聚抗战力量的伟大作用
毛泽东认为，中国的抗战是以弱对强，要想取得抗战最后胜利，必须凝聚起全民族伟大力量，加强文化建设无疑是实现这一目的的重要途径。
早在1936年9月，毛泽东在同美国记者斯诺的谈话中，就提出要同包括文化界人士在内的各抗日爱国团体合作，组成一个联合抗日阵线。1938年10月，抗日战争进入相持阶段。为克服投降危险，坚持抗战到底，毛泽东强调要加强文化方面的抗日民族统一战线，凝聚起全民族抗战力量，确保抗战最终胜利。他早在1936年11月就已经指出，文学艺术家在促成停止内战、一致抗日运动中“有很重大的任务”。1939年11月中旬，毛泽东又提出，文化界与外界要加强联系。为了推进文化建设，巩固和扩大文化领域统一战线，1939年12月初，毛泽东在他起草的《大量吸收知识分子》中提出：“对于广大的同情我们的党外知识分子，则应该同他们建立适当的联系，把他们组织到抗日和民主的伟大斗争中去，组织到文化运动中去，组织到统一战线的工作中去。”1940年11月，毛泽东又指出，“在文化上，要废除大地主大资产阶级独倡的文化教育，将它改变成为一切参加抗战的人民大众服务的文化教育。”
毛泽东还提出要运用戏剧等群众乐于接受的表演形式，激发广大群众的抗日积极性，并建立起艺术人员与广大群众的密切联系，从而凝聚起更广大的力量加入到抗日洪流中去。1938年4月，他强调，“现在艺术上也要搞统一战线，不管是写实主义派、浪漫主义派或其他什么派，都应当团结抗日。”“艺术上每一派都有自己的阶级立场，我们是站在无产阶级劳苦大众方面的，但在统一战线原则之下，我们并不用马克思主义来排斥别人。”
毛泽东高度重视发挥报纸在宣传党的抗日政策，凝聚人心方面的重要作用。1942年2月，毛泽东指出：《解放日报》应把主要注意力放在中国抗战、我党活动和根据地建设上面。1942年3月，他又明确提出，要“把党报变为容许一切反法西斯的人说话的地方”；不久，他又进一步具体指出：“各抗日根据地的报纸刊物，应吸收广大党外人员发表言论，”从而充分发挥报纸在凝聚人心方面的巨大作用，把各种抗战力量最大限度地团结在党的周围。
此外，毛泽东非常重视革命理论的发展，始终坚持马克思主义在文化建设中的指导地位。抗战时期，延安聚集了一大批文艺人才，他们具有积极抗战的爱国热情，但尚未普遍深刻地接受马克思主义思想。因此，用马克思主义来武装这些进步文艺人士的头脑成为一个现实而重要的问题。1940年初，毛泽东在《新民主主义论》中提出：我们所要建设的新文化，“只能由无产阶级的文化思想即共产主义思想去领导。”1942年5月，毛泽东在延安文艺工作者座谈会上指出：要“学习马克思列宁主义和学习社会”，只有这样，“我们的文艺才能有丰富的内容和正确的方向。”他多次对艾青、罗烽等延安文艺工作者强调要学习一下马列主义，用马克思主义基本观点分析抗战的基本形势，从而取得科学的认识。他密切结合中国革命实践，积极推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化，用发展的马克思主义武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，确保文化建设沿着正确道路不断前进。（河北省社会科学基金项目课题组 执笔：吴继轩）
YangGeJu the brother and sister pioneers "and so on the art performance in yenan welcomed by the masses
Xian xinghai command LuYi students singing "the Yellow River chorus
The Anti-Japanese War period, in order to adhere to the anti-japanese national united front, for the final victory Anti-Japanese War, represented by MAO zedong put forward by the Chinese communists to strengthen the culture construction of the base areas, in order to promote the development of cultural prosperity of politics, economy, military base construction, to safeguard the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the new democratic revolution victory point the direction, condenses on the great strength, also for us today to promote socialist culture greater development and prosperity provides important reference and guidance of success.
A culture, pay attention to the construction of the importance and urgency
The Anti-Japanese War, MAO zedong pay high attention to the culture construction of the base areas, combined with the resistance of every stage basic situation, main task, put forward to strengthen the base areas and the concrete measures for the construction of culture and effectively promoting the construction of base areas.
Total resistance outbreak eve, MAO zedong in Chinese literature and art association conference on, "now we have not only to wu, and we will be text, and we wanted to military commander.""From the aspects to persuade those who don't want to stop the civil war, from the aspects of propaganda education to the public unity for resistance."MAO zedong from cultural and political, economic and military perspective of the relationship between, this paper expounds the importance and urgency of the cultural construction, "as for culture, is the political, economic, and guide the reflection of politics, economy, military, and guide it reflect the military."That is to say, culture on politics, economy, military has initiative,If not the development of cultural, political, economic and military development will inevitably hindered.Therefore, the Anti-Japanese War, MAO zedong emphasized for many times that the base to pay attention to culture construction.
Strengthen the culture construction of the base areas, primary and the key is to strengthen the cultural education base areas career, change the most people's illiteracy semiliterate the status quo.MAO zedong pointed out: "a revolutionary cadres, must be able to see can write, and a rich social common sense and nature, engaged in the work of the common sense that basis and learning theory foundation, the job, I will have to hope, you have to learn the theory of hope."He put forward, in order to improve the general the cultural level of the cadres and the masses, must development school education.In early 1939, MAO zedong in the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region on the first council put forward, border region to "do primary, secondary and senior school, in the border region, make literacy movement people's greatly improve the cultural level".For the national education popularization, MAO zedong proposed many schools, "in the country, a village to do a primary school," to the convenience of the masses came near to the study.By the end of 1940, MAO zedong in central bureau of telegraph to point out: "set up big school is to carry out the work you the central link."In the requirement of MAO zedong and guidance, Anti-Japanese War border region culture has had great career development.By 1940, the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region already has a 1341 primary schools and middle school 7, pupils reach more than 43600 people;Then started a normal school.
Pay attention to strengthen cultural education in at the same time, MAO zedong advocated all-round development including newspapers, periodicals, a variety of cultural undertakings.He proposed that the base of the leading comrades "to a lot of energy to note (newspaper) this work".To encourage the various agencies, the yenan anti-japanese base areas running positive MAO also offered to "the party newspaper", every base area to build enterprise, publish books and newspapers.The anti-japanese base areas central called for a positive response, the development of cultural publishing industry, such as in shanxi TaiYue base areas except published "the TaiYue daily outside, also published including the mobilization culture", "the TaiYue herald", "front line", a variety of publications.
Anti-japanese base areas culture education development of the cause of prosperity, make some generation illiterate farmers began to learn the cultural knowledge, pay attention to the affairs of state, and in politics culture thought enlightenment and get improve, strengthen the cadres and the masses of the anti-japanese consciousness and improve their anti-japanese enthusiasm, to capture the victory of Anti-Japanese War provides ideological dynamic.
Second, emphasize the cultural construction to serve the party's political goals
Total resistance began, launched the war victory of the Anti-Japanese War, seizing, become the core mission of the communist party of China.With MAO zedong as a representative of the Chinese communist party positive change revolution strategy, strengthen cultural construction, and actively cultivate resistance strength, ensure the final victory in the Anti-Japanese War.
The party's cultural work "is to obey the party in certain revolution period by the revolution of the task."Anti-Japanese War, the main task of the party is to fight for the victory of Anti-Japanese War, therefore, cultural construction will be closely around the war for career development to advance.In 1937, shortly after the outbreak of total resistance, MAO zedong put forward, the cultural undertakings must obey the needs of the present Anti-Japanese War, "newsprint, publishing industry, movies, drama, art, all make for defense interests."August 25, 1937, MAO zedong and in for the drafting of a central propaganda department put forward in publicity outline: in order to adapt to the current reality in the war of resistance, "change the education of the old system, the old course of resisting Japan and saving the nation, with the aim of the new system, the new course."In November 1937, MAO zedong in yenan public opening ceremony of shaanxi province points out that: "of study of person, education is for a purpose, this is national and social crisis save."In April, 1938, MAO zedong in the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region was established on the defense educational association said: "the war all provisions and change everything, the present war is playing Japan, education policy, education policy is also hit Japan is according to the principle of political change. Defense education task is to education and training in the national people's resistance, for national liberation."By the end of 1940, MAO zedong in crafting the party's instructions, emphasize the cultural education policy "should be to improve and popularize the masses of the anti-japanese knowledge of skills and national pride as the center".
In the academic research, MAO zedong proposed closely around the big picture to develop resistance, with the development of academic studies prosperity actively promote the progress of the cause of the war.In early 1939, MAO zedong write to HeGanZhi, encourage him to study ethnic in our country, using historical proof "national resistance and national surrender two route who to who wrong", in the study of ethnic to "the southern and northern dynasties, the late Ming, qing dynasty, one nation, the capitulationists, the national a resistance activists praise one time", the historical fact that adhere to the correctness of the Anti-Japanese War, so as to achieve the oppose capitulation, courage to persist in the war's real purpose.In September 1940, MAO zedong and write to FanWenLan, encourage him to study of Chinese history a system research, this as at that time to the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie of the powerful negative critical weapon.
Drama is the people's popular forms of art form, can have very good propaganda education and edification.In April, 1938, MAO zedong put forward, the artistic work "to have a good content, want suit the needs of The Times" in the Anti-Japanese War period, drama will "pay attention to increase performance or national hero play Sunday."He attaches great importance to the drama performance layout, many times to care about guidance, highly praised the shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border region literary writers write reflection of the fight against the Japanese drama of life behind enemy lines, such as "the shanxi-chahaer-hebei border areas country", "the night of the desert villages", and so on.
Three, giving full play to the cultural construction of the great power of resistance condensed role
MAO zedong thought, the Chinese Anti-Japanese War is weaker, want to get the final victory Anti-Japanese War, the great strength of the whole nation must be condensed up, strengthen the cultural construction is to realize this aim is the important way.
In early September 1936, MAO zedong with American journalist snow in the conversation, he puts forward to want to include culture circles, with the anti-japanese patriotic group cooperation, form a joint the anti-japanese front.In October 1938, the Anti-Japanese War entered the stage of stalemate.In order to overcome danger to surrender, persevering in the war of the end, MAO zedong emphasized to strengthen the cultural aspects of the anti-japanese national united front, condenses on the whole nation power resistance, ensure that ultimately win the war.His early in November 1936 it has been pointed out that literary artist in contributing to end the civil war, consistent in the anti-japanese movement "have a significant task".In the middle of November 1939, MAO zedong put forward again, cultural communities and to strengthen the contact with the outside world.In order to promote cultural construction, consolidate and expand cultural field, the united front, in early December, 1939, MAO zedong in his drafted the absorption of intellectuals "put forward:" for the non-party intellectuals who sympathize with us, it should be set up appropriate contact with them, and their organization to resistance and democracy in the great struggle, the organization in the cultural movement, the organization to go to the work of the united front."In November 1940, MAO zedong and points out, "in culture, to abolish the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie of the cultural education, this alone will it change all the people's war of resistance to become public service culture education."
MAO also puts forward to want to use drama and other mass to accept the acting style, arouse the enthusiasm of the broad masses resistance against Japan, and set up art and the masses of the people close to the power of the condensed calls to join the anti-japanese stream.In April 1938, he stressed that "now art also want to make the united front, and whether realism pie, romantic pie or any other pie, should be unity for resistance.""Art school each have their own standpoint, we are standing in the proletariat of the working people, but in the united front under the principle, we don't use marxism to exclude others."
MAO zedong attaches great importance to play in the anti-japanese policy newspaper publicity, cohesive the vital role.In February 1942, MAO zedong points out: the liberation daily attention should be the main Chinese Anti-Japanese War, our party activities and base on construction.In March 1942, and he definitely put forward, to "put the party into allow all anti-fascist people speak place";Soon, he and further specific points out that: "the anti-japanese base areas, should absorb the newspaper journal the non-party people talk" and give full play to the newspaper in rallying public aspect huge function, in all kinds of resistance force maximum unity in the party's around.
In addition, MAO zedong attach great importance to the development of the theory of revolution, always adhere to the marxism in cultural construction of the guiding position.Anti-Japanese War, yanan gathered a large number of literary and artistic talent, they have positive patriotic enthusiasm in the war of resistance, but not yet common profoundly accept marxism.Therefore, with the marxism to arm the progress of literature and art people mind become a real and important problem.In early 1940, MAO zedong in the new democratic theory "in put forward: we have to construction of new culture," only by the culture and ideology of the proletariat is communist ideology to lead."In May 1942, MAO zedong in yenan literary and art workers symposium pointed out: "study marxism-leninism and learning society", the only way that "our literary and art can have a rich content and in the right direction."His many times to al qing, such as LuoFeng yanan literary and art workers stressed the need to learn marxism-leninism, with marxist basic point analysis of the basic situation of resistance, thus make scientific knowledge.He combined with the practice of the Chinese revolution, and actively promote the popularization of marxism era, use the development the marxist armed mind, guide the practice, promote work and ensure the culture construction along the right way to move forward.(social science fund projects in hebei province group authored WuJiXuan:)
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秧歌剧《兄妹开荒》等文艺演出在延安深受群众欢迎冼星海指挥鲁艺同学演唱《黄河大合唱》抗日战争时期，为了坚持抗日民族统一战线，争取抗战最后胜利，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人提出大力加强根据地文化建设，以文化发展繁荣促进根据地政治、经济、军事建设，为保障抗战胜利以及新民主主义革命胜利指引了前进方向，凝聚起伟大力量，也为我们今天促进社会主义文化大发展大繁荣提供了成功借鉴和重要指导。
一、重视文化建设的重要性和紧迫性
抗日战争时期，毛泽东高度重视根据地文化建设，结合抗战每一个阶段的基本形势、主要任务，提出和实行了加强根据地文化建设的具体措施，扎实推进根据地各项建设。
全面抗战爆发前夕，毛泽东就在中国文艺协会成立大会上提出，“现在我们不但要武的，我们也要文的了，我们要文武双全。”“要从文的方面去说服那些不愿停止内战者，从文的方面去宣传教育全国民众团结抗日。”毛泽东从文化与政治、经济、军事的相互关系角度，阐述了文化建设的重要性和紧迫性，“至于文化，它是政治、经济的反映，又指导政治、经济；它反映军事，又指导军事。” 这就是说，文化对政治、经济、军事具有能动性；如果不发展文化，政治、经济、军事的发展必然要受到阻碍。因此，抗日战争时期，毛泽东多次强调各根据地要注重文化建设。
加强根据地文化建设，首要和关键的是要加强根据地的文化教育事业，改变边区绝大多数人民群众的文盲半文盲现状。毛泽东指出：“一个革命干部，必须能看能写，又有丰富的社会常识与自然常识，以为从事工作的基础与学习理论的基础，工作才有做好的希望，理论也才有学好的希望。”他提出，为了普遍提高边区干部和群众的文化水平，必须发展学校教育。1939年初毛泽东在陕甘宁边区第一届参议会上提出，边区要“办初级的、中级的、高级的学校，开展识字运动，使边区人民大大提高文化水准”。为普及国民教育，毛泽东提出要多办学校，“在乡村里，一个村办一个小学，”以方便群众就近学习。1940年底，毛泽东在给中原局电报中指出：“开办大规模学校是你们开展工作的中心一环。”在毛泽东的要求和指导下，抗战时期边区文化事业得到了很大发展。到1940年，陕甘宁边区已建有小学1341所和中等学校7所，小学生达到4.36万余人；后来还办起了师范学校。
在注重加强文化教育的同时，毛泽东主张全面发展包括报纸、书刊等在内的各种文化事业。他提出，各根据地的领导同志“要以很大的精力来注意（报纸）这个工作”。为鼓励延安各机关、各抗日根据地积极办报，毛泽东还提出要“全党办报”，每个根据地都要建立印刷厂，出版书报。各抗日根据地积极响应中央号召，发展文化出版事业，如在山西太岳根据地内除出版发行《太岳日报》外，还出版了包括《文化动员》、《太岳导报》、《前线》在内的多种刊物。
抗日根据地文化教育事业的发展繁荣，使一些世代不识字的农民开始学习文化知识，关心国家大事，在政治上文化思想上得到启蒙和提高，增强了干部群众的抗日意识，提高了他们的抗日积极性，为夺取抗战胜利提供了思想动力。
二、强调文化建设要服务于党的政治目标的实现
全面抗战开始后，发动全民抗战、夺取抗战胜利，成为中国共产党的核心任务。以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人积极转变革命策略，大力加强文化建设，积极培植抗战力量，确保了抗日战争的最终胜利。
党的文化工作“是服从党在一定革命时期内所规定的革命任务的。”抗战时期，党的中心任务就是争取抗战胜利，因此，文化建设就要紧紧围绕着有利于抗战事业发展来推进。1937年全面抗战爆发后不久，毛泽东就提出，文化事业必须服从目前抗战的需要，“新闻纸、出版事业、电影、戏剧、文艺，一切使合于国防的利益。”1937年8月25日，毛泽东又在为中共中央宣传部起草的宣传提纲中提出：为适应当前抗战的现实，“改变教育的旧制度、旧课程，实行以抗日救国为目标的新制度、新课程。”1937年11月，毛泽东在延安陕北公学开学典礼上指出：“学习的人、教育的人都是为着一个目的，这就是挽救民族与社会危机。”1938年4月，毛泽东在陕甘宁边区国防教育会成立大会上指出：“战争规定一切和改变一切，目前的战争是打日本，教育的方针也是打日本，教育方针是根据政治方针而转变的。国防教育的任务是教育和训练全国人民参加抗战，求得民族解放。”1940年底，毛泽东在起草的党内指示中，强调文化教育政策“应以提高和普及人民大众的抗日的知识技能和民族自尊心为中心”。
在学术研究上，毛泽东提出要紧紧围绕抗战大局来开展，以学术研究的发展繁荣积极推进抗战事业的进展。1939年初毛泽东写信给何干之，鼓励他研究我国民族史，用历史证明“民族抵抗与民族投降两条路线的谁对谁错”，在民族史研究中要“把南北朝、南宋、明末、清末一班民族投降主义者痛斥一番，把那些民族抵抗主义者赞扬一番”，以历史事实说明坚持抗战的正确性，从而达到反对投降、鼓舞坚持抗战的现实目的。1940年9月，毛泽东又写信给范文澜，鼓励他对中国历史上的经学进行一次系统研究，以此作为对当时大地主大资产阶级消极抗日的有力批判武器。
戏剧是边区人民群众喜闻乐见的艺术形式，能够起到很好的宣传教育和启迪作用。1938年4月，毛泽东提出，艺术作品“要有好的内容，要适合时代的要求”，在抗日战争时期，戏剧就要“注意增加表现抗敌或民族英雄的剧目”。他非常重视戏剧编排演出，多次给予关心指导，高度称赞了边区文艺作家编写的反映敌后抗日斗争生活的戏剧，如《晋察冀的乡村》、《荒村之夜》等。
三、发挥文化建设凝聚抗战力量的伟大作用
毛泽东认为，中国的抗战是以弱对强，要想取得抗战最后胜利，必须凝聚起全民族伟大力量，加强文化建设无疑是实现这一目的的重要途径。
早在1936年9月，毛泽东在同美国记者斯诺的谈话中，就提出要同包括文化界人士在内的各抗日爱国团体合作，组成一个联合抗日阵线。1938年10月，抗日战争进入相持阶段。为克服投降危险，坚持抗战到底，毛泽东强调要加强文化方面的抗日民族统一战线，凝聚起全民族抗战力量，确保抗战最终胜利。他早在1936年11月就已经指出，文学艺术家在促成停止内战、一致抗日运动中“有很重大的任务”。1939年11月中旬，毛泽东又提出，文化界与外界要加强联系。为了推进文化建设，巩固和扩大文化领域统一战线，1939年12月初，毛泽东在他起草的《大量吸收知识分子》中提出：“对于广大的同情我们的党外知识分子，则应该同他们建立适当的联系，把他们组织到抗日和民主的伟大斗争中去，组织到文化运动中去，组织到统一战线的工作中去。”1940年11月，毛泽东又指出，“在文化上，要废除大地主大资产阶级独倡的文化教育，将它改变成为一切参加抗战的人民大众服务的文化教育。”
毛泽东还提出要运用戏剧等群众乐于接受的表演形式，激发广大群众的抗日积极性，并建立起艺术人员与广大群众的密切联系，从而凝聚起更广大的力量加入到抗日洪流中去。1938年4月，他强调，“现在艺术上也要搞统一战线，不管是写实主义派、浪漫主义派或其他什么派，都应当团结抗日。”“艺术上每一派都有自己的阶级立场，我们是站在无产阶级劳苦大众方面的，但在统一战线原则之下，我们并不用马克思主义来排斥别人。”
毛泽东高度重视发挥报纸在宣传党的抗日政策，凝聚人心方面的重要作用。1942年2月，毛泽东指出：《解放日报》应把主要注意力放在中国抗战、我党活动和根据地建设上面。1942年3月，他又明确提出，要“把党报变为容许一切反法西斯的人说话的地方”；不久，他又进一步具体指出：“各抗日根据地的报纸刊物，应吸收广大党外人员发表言论，”从而充分发挥报纸在凝聚人心方面的巨大作用，把各种抗战力量最大限度地团结在党的周围。
此外，毛泽东非常重视革命理论的发展，始终坚持马克思主义在文化建设中的指导地位。抗战时期，延安聚集了一大批文艺人才，他们具有积极抗战的爱国热情，但尚未普遍深刻地接受马克思主义思想。因此，用马克思主义来武装这些进步文艺人士的头脑成为一个现实而重要的问题。1940年初，毛泽东在《新民主主义论》中提出：我们所要建设的新文化，“只能由无产阶级的文化思想即共产主义思想去领导。”1942年5月，毛泽东在延安文艺工作者座谈会上指出：要“学习马克思列宁主义和学习社会”，只有这样，“我们的文艺才能有丰富的内容和正确的方向。”他多次对艾青、罗烽等延安文艺工作者强调要学习一下马列主义，用马克思主义基本观点分析抗战的基本形势，从而取得科学的认识。他密切结合中国革命实践，积极推进马克思主义中国化时代化大众化，用发展的马克思主义武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，确保文化建设沿着正确道路不断前进。（河北省社会科学基金项目课题组 执笔：吴继轩）
During the war of MAO zedong's cultural construction thought zhao xuegangDecember 14, 2011 08:22 sources:The light dailyDuring the war of MAO zedong's cultural construction thought of the communist party of China, zhao xuegang news
YangGeJu the brother and sister pioneers "and so on the art performance in yenan welcomed by the massesXian xinghai command LuYi students singing "the Yellow River chorusThe Anti-Japanese War period, in order to adhere to the anti-japanese national united front, for the final victory Anti-Japanese War, represented by MAO zedong put forward by the Chinese communists to strengthen the culture construction of the base areas, in order to promote the development of cultural prosperity of politics, economy, military base construction, to safeguard the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the new democratic revolution victory point the direction, condenses on the great strength, also for us today to promote socialist culture greater development and prosperity provides important reference and guidance of success.
A culture, pay attention to the construction of the importance and urgency
The Anti-Japanese War, MAO zedong pay high attention to the culture construction of the base areas, combined with the resistance of every stage basic situation, main task, put forward to strengthen the base areas and the concrete measures for the construction of culture and effectively promoting the construction of base areas.
Total resistance outbreak eve, MAO zedong in Chinese literature and art association conference on, "now we have not only to wu, and we will be text, and we wanted to military commander.""From the aspects to persuade those who don't want to stop the civil war, from the aspects of propaganda education to the public unity for resistance."MAO zedong from cultural and political, economic and military perspective of the relationship between, this paper expounds the importance and urgency of the cultural construction, "as for culture, is the political, economic, and guide the reflection of politics, economy, military, and guide it reflect the military."That is to say, culture on politics, economy, military has initiative,If not the development of cultural, political, economic and military development will inevitably hindered.Therefore, the Anti-Japanese War, MAO zedong emphasized for many times that the base to pay attention to culture construction.
Strengthen the culture construction of the base areas, primary and the key is to strengthen the cultural education base areas career, change the most people's illiteracy semiliterate the status quo.MAO zedong pointed out: "a revolutionary cadres, must be able to see can write, and a rich social common sense and nature, engaged in the work of the common sense that basis and learning theory foundation, the job, I will have to hope, you have to learn the theory of hope."He put forward, in order to improve the general the cultural level of the cadres and the masses, must development school education.In early 1939, MAO zedong in the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region on the first council put forward, border region to "do primary, secondary and senior school, in the border region, make literacy movement people's greatly improve the cultural level".For the national education popularization, MAO zedong proposed many schools, "in the country, a village to do a primary school," to the convenience of the masses came near to the study.By the end of 1940, MAO zedong in central bureau of telegraph to point out: "set up big school is to carry out the work you the central link."In the requirement of MAO zedong and guidance, Anti-Japanese War border region culture has had great career development.By 1940, the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region already has a 1341 primary schools and middle school 7, pupils reach more than 43600 people;Then started a normal school.
Pay attention to strengthen cultural education in at the same time, MAO zedong advocated all-round development including newspapers, periodicals, a variety of cultural undertakings.He proposed that the base of the leading comrades "to a lot of energy to note (newspaper) this work".To encourage the various agencies, the yenan anti-japanese base areas running positive MAO also offered to "the party newspaper", every base area to build enterprise, publish books and newspapers.The anti-japanese base areas central called for a positive response, the development of cultural publishing industry, such as in shanxi TaiYue base areas except published "the TaiYue daily outside, also published including the mobilization culture", "the TaiYue herald", "front line", a variety of publications.
Anti-japanese base areas culture education development of the cause of prosperity, make some generation illiterate farmers began to learn the cultural knowledge, pay attention to the affairs of state, and in politics culture thought enlightenment and get improve, strengthen the cadres and the masses of the anti-japanese consciousness and improve their anti-japanese enthusiasm, to capture the victory of Anti-Japanese War provides ideological dynamic.
Second, emphasize the cultural construction to serve the party's political goals
Total resistance began, launched the war victory of the Anti-Japanese War, seizing, become the core mission of the communist party of China.With MAO zedong as a representative of the Chinese communist party positive change revolution strategy, strengthen cultural construction, and actively cultivate resistance strength, ensure the final victory in the Anti-Japanese War.
The party's cultural work "is to obey the party in certain revolution period by the revolution of the task."Anti-Japanese War, the main task of the party is to fight for the victory of Anti-Japanese War, therefore, cultural construction will be closely around the war for career development to advance.In 1937, shortly after the outbreak of total resistance, MAO zedong put forward, the cultural undertakings must obey the needs of the present Anti-Japanese War, "newsprint, publishing industry, movies, drama, art, all make for defense interests."August 25, 1937, MAO zedong and in for the drafting of a central propaganda department put forward in publicity outline: in order to adapt to the current reality in the war of resistance, "change the education of the old system, the old course of resisting Japan and saving the nation, with the aim of the new system, the new course."In November 1937, MAO zedong in yenan public opening ceremony of shaanxi province points out that: "of study of person, education is for a purpose, this is national and social crisis save."In April, 1938, MAO zedong in the shensi-kansu-ningsia border region was established on the defense educational association said: "the war all provisions and change everything, the present war is playing Japan, education policy, education policy is also hit Japan is according to the principle of political change. Defense education task is to education and training in the national people's resistance, for national liberation."By the end of 1940, MAO zedong in crafting the party's instructions, emphasize the cultural education policy "should be to improve and popularize the masses of the anti-japanese knowledge of skills and national pride as the center".
In the academic research, MAO zedong proposed closely around the big picture to develop resistance, with the development of academic studies prosperity actively promote the progress of the cause of the war.In early 1939, MAO zedong write to HeGanZhi, encourage him to study ethnic in our country, using historical proof "national resistance and national surrender two route who to who wrong", in the study of ethnic to "the southern and northern dynasties, the late Ming, qing dynasty, one nation, the capitulationists, the national a resistance activists praise one time", the historical fact that adhere to the correctness of the Anti-Japanese War, so as to achieve the oppose capitulation, courage to persist in the war's real purpose.In September 1940, MAO zedong and write to FanWenLan, encourage him to study of Chinese history a system research, this as at that time to the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie of the powerful negative critical weapon.
Drama is the people's popular forms of art form, can have very good propaganda education and edification.In April, 1938, MAO zedong put forward, the artistic work "to have a good content, want suit the needs of The Times" in the Anti-Japanese War period, drama will "pay attention to increase performance or national hero play Sunday."He attaches great importance to the drama performance layout, many times to care about guidance, highly praised the shaanxi-gansu-ningxia border region literary writers write reflection of the fight against the Japanese drama of life behind enemy lines, such as "the shanxi-chahaer-hebei border areas country", "the night of the desert villages", and so on.
Three, giving full play to the cultural construction of the great power of resistance condensed role
MAO zedong thought, the Chinese Anti-Japanese War is weaker, want to get the final victory Anti-Japanese War, the great strength of the whole nation must be condensed up, strengthen the cultural construction is to realize this aim is the important way.
In early September 1936, MAO zedong with American journalist snow in the conversation, he puts forward to want to include culture circles, with the anti-japanese patriotic group cooperation, form a joint the anti-japanese front.In October 1938, the Anti-Japanese War entered the stage of stalemate.In order to overcome danger to surrender, persevering in the war of the end, MAO zedong emphasized to strengthen the cultural aspects of the anti-japanese national united front, condenses on the whole nation power resistance, ensure that ultimately win the war.His early in November 1936 it has been pointed out that literary artist in contributing to end the civil war, consistent in the anti-japanese movement "have a significant task".In the middle of November 1939, MAO zedong put forward again, cultural communities and to strengthen the contact with the outside world.In order to promote cultural construction, consolidate and expand cultural field, the united front, in early December, 1939, MAO zedong in his drafted the absorption of intellectuals "put forward:" for the non-party intellectuals who sympathize with us, it should be set up appropriate contact with them, and their organization to resistance and democracy in the great struggle, the organization in the cultural movement, the organization to go to the work of the united front."In November 1940, MAO zedong and points out, "in culture, to abolish the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie of the cultural education, this alone will it change all the people's war of resistance to become public service culture education."
MAO also puts forward to want to use drama and other mass to accept the acting style, arouse the enthusiasm of the broad masses resistance against Japan, and set up art and the masses of the people close to the power of the condensed calls to join the anti-japanese stream.In April 1938, he stressed that "now art also want to make the united front, and whether realism pie, romantic pie or any other pie, should be unity for resistance.""Art school each have their own standpoint, we are standing in the proletariat of the working people, but in the united front under the principle, we don't use marxism to exclude others."
MAO zedong attaches great importance to play in the anti-japanese policy newspaper publicity, cohesive the vital role.In February 1942, MAO zedong points out: the liberation daily attention should be the main Chinese Anti-Japanese War, our party activities and base on construction.In March 1942, and he definitely put forward, to "put the party into allow all anti-fascist people speak place";Soon, he and further specific points out that: "the anti-japanese base areas, should absorb the newspaper journal the non-party people talk" and give full play to the newspaper in rallying public aspect huge function, in all kinds of resistance force maximum unity in the party's around.
In addition, MAO zedong attach great importance to the development of the theory of revolution, always adhere to the marxism in cultural construction of the guiding position.Anti-Japanese War, yanan gathered a large number of literary and artistic talent, they have positive patriotic enthusiasm in the war of resistance, but not yet common profoundly accept marxism.Therefore, with the marxism to arm the progress of literature and art people mind become a real and important problem.In early 1940, MAO zedong in the new democratic theory "in put forward: we have to construction of new culture," only by the culture and ideology of the proletariat is communist ideology to lead."In May 1942, MAO zedong in yenan literary and art workers symposium pointed out: "study marxism-leninism and learning society", the only way that "our literary and art can have a rich content and in the right direction."His many times to al qing, such as LuoFeng yanan literary and art workers stressed the need to learn marxism-leninism, with marxist basic point analysis of the basic situation of resistance, thus make scientific knowledge.He combined with the practice of the Chinese revolution, and actively promote the popularization of marxism era, use the development the marxist armed mind, guide the practice, promote work and ensure the culture construction along the right way to move forward.(social science fund projects in hebei province group authored WuJiXuan:)
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抗日战争时期
毛泽东不同时期新闻思想的比较怎么比
抗日战争时期的英雄事迹
抗日战争时期的演讲稿
抗日战争时期的失败战役
谁知抗日战争时期的薛子杰
毛泽东的宪政思想
毛泽东的思想
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