东方财富通 8.9.3:中考英语语法讲解第九讲—时态（一）

　　提起时态，当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式，表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想，初中我们学过的时态有几个? 初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:

　　一般现在时：常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。

　　现在进行时：要注意其构成：由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。

　　一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。

　　过去进行时：显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等连用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.

　　一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来时间状语如 next year,tomorrow等连用。注意：在Will you ....?问句中，回答必须是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时：过去将来时不可以单独使用，它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语，表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.

　　现在完成时：顾名思义，现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作，但动作造成的影响还在，常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，我们常用"过"来表示，常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如：I've never seen that film.

　　过去完成时：我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before,  after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同，只不过又向前推了一个时态。

　　八个时态可能得让你好好对付一阵子，但细细学来，也并不困难。不信吗? 试试趁热打铁你就知道了。

　　练习：

　　1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city.

　　A. lies

　　B. builds

　　C. seems

　　D. lying

　　2. --Tom ______out.

　　--Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out?

　　A. is, did, go

　　B. went, is, going

　　C. has gone, did, go

　　D. is going, does, go

　　3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that.

　　--I ______ that. But I still can't get anything.

　　A. have tried

　　B. tried

　　C. try

　　D. will do

　　4. They usually ________ TV in the evening.

　　A. watch

　　B. will watch

　　C. are watching

　　D. watches

　　5. He has _______ for about twelve years.

　　A. bought the house

　　B. left here

　　C. lived here

　　D. gone here

　　6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970.

　　A. didn't seen

　　B. don't see

　　C. haven't see

　　D. won't see

　　7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years.

　　A. have been in

　　B. have been to

　　C. have come to

　　D. have gone to

　　8. --Our country ______ a lot so far.

　　--Yes, I hope it will be even ________.

　　A. has changed , well

　　B. changed, good

　　C. has changed , better

　　D. changed, better

　　9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting.

　　--I think she looks better _______ red.

　　A. dressed , in

　　B. put on, wear

　　C. wearing, in

　　D. wear, put on

　　10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday.

　　--I am sorry ______ that.

　　A. hearing

　　B. hear

　　C. hears

　　D. to hear

　　实践：

　　1. There will be ______ interesting film tomorrow evening.

　　A. a

　　B. an

　　C. the

　　D. some

　　2. --What's that over there ?

　　-- It's ______ bag.

　　A. I

　　B. me

　　C. my

　　D. mine

　　3. The students of Class One ______ on the playground.

　　A. am playing

　　B. is playing

　　C. are playing

　　D. was playing

　　4. You'd better _______ late next time!

　　A. not be

　　B. not to be

　　C. won't be

　　D. don' t be

　　5. He always gets up early, _______ he?

　　A. is

　　B. isn't he

　　C. does

　　D. doesn't

　　6. ______ tall the building is!

　　A. How a

　　B. How

　　C. What

　　D. What a

　　7. Lesson Seven is ________ one in this book.

　　A. important

　　B. more important

　　C. most important

　　D. the most important

　　8. I will call you as soon as she ________ back.

　　A. comes

　　B. come

　　C. came

　　D. will come

　　9. He put on his coat ______ went out.

　　A. and

　　B. but

　　C. or

　　D. so

　　10. --______ I get there before six o'clock?

　　-- No, you needn't.

　　A. Can

　　B. May

　　C. Must

　　D. Shall

　　11. Their baby was born ______ April 2, 1997.

　　A. in

　　B. on

　　C. at

　　D. by

　　12. Her father is busy _______ the truck.

　　A. mend

　　B. mends

　　C. mended

　　D. mending

　　13. We ________ the floor when she left.

　　A.sweep

　　B. swept

　　C. were sweeping

　　D. are sweeping

　　14. He wants ________ some apples and oranges.

　　A. to buy

　　B. buys

　　C. bought

　　D. buy

　　15. Do you understand ______?

　　A. what did he say

　　B. he said what

　　C. what does he say

　　D. what he said