中财网金信网 信和财富:英语快速入门
来源：百度文库 编辑：中财网 时间：2024/05/02 08:07:20
will-wellsand-sandal boot-bought what-water poor-pool of-off
练习四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
现在进行时
（一）现在进行时用法
用在此时此刻（指说话人说话时）正在进行的动作的句子中。该时态句子中常出现强调此种时态的时间词now（现在），但也有例外。
（二）现在进行时句型构成规律
肯陈：人称+系动词（am/is/are）+动词 ing 形式+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia is reading the newspaper.（贾老师正在看报纸。） We are
playing basketball.（我们正在打篮球。）
否陈：人称+系动词（am/is/are）+not+动词ing形式+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia is not reading the newspaper.（贾老师没有正在看报纸。） We are not playing basketball.（我们没有正在打篮球。）
一疑：系动词（Am/Is/Are）+人称+动词ing 形式+（…）+?
如： Is Mr. Jia reading the newspaper ?（贾老师正在看报纸吗？）
Are you playing basketball ?（你们正在打篮球吗？）
※一般疑问句肯定回答、否定回答与一般现在时中句型（1）一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答的规律一样。
※本句型中系动词am/is/are也有与人称、单词not缩写的知识，规律与一般现在时中句型（1）缩写规律相同。
※英语中，动词ing形式有正式的称呼，叫动词现在分词形式，动词由动词原形变成现在分词形式有它的变化规律，现总结如下：
①动词结尾字母为e,取e加ing；（如：like-liking take-taking write-writing等。）②动词倒数第二个字母为元音字母，则双写结尾字母加ing；（如：run-running swim-swimming sit-sitting等。）③个别动词变ing形式无规律可寻，需逐个记忆。（如：lie-lying等。）④除上面几种情况外，动词直接加ing。（如：walk-walking read-reading等。）
※截至六年级出现的现在进行时动词特殊ing形式单词有:
get-getting sit-sitting put-putting hit-hitting come-coming lie-lying
begin-beginning run-running stop-stopping shop-shopping have-having
ski-skiing make-making skate-skating study-studying write-writing
练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run_______ swim _________make__________ go_____ ski_______ like________ write________ read________ have______sing see______ dance_____put_________ buy _________ love_______ live_______ take______ come ________ sit ______ get_______stop_______ begin______ shop______
练习二：请变出下列各句对应其它句式。
1、I’m skating on the ice.
2、Are you reading books now?
3、Dongdong isn’t playing cards now.
4、They are not flying kites in the park .
5、We are shopping for some toys at the department store.
思考：如何快速判断一个句子是现在进行时的句子还是一般现在时句型（1）的句子？
练习三：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7. Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
练习四：句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和
否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
一般将来时
（一）一般将来时用法
用在表示将来某一时间里，准备、计划、打算做的事或存在的状态的句子中。这种时态的句子里经常出现表示将来时间的词或短语，如：tomorrow（明天）、next week/year…（下一周/年…）等。常见的句型有两套。一般情况下，它们可以互相替换而句子表达意思基本不变。下面分别把每套句型句式构成规律总结如下：
1、句型（１）——有助动词will的句型构成规律
※在讲句型（1）构成规律前，也要先明确一个概念，一般将来时中的助动词不同于一般现在时中助动词do/does,而是一般将来时专用助动词will，它适合于所有人称；是一般将来时标志性单词。
肯陈：人称＋will+动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny will go to swimming tomorrow .（詹妮明天打算去游泳。）
we will play football next week .（我们下一周准备踢足球。）
否陈：人称＋will+not +动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny will not go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天不打算去游泳。） we will not play football next week . （我们下一周不准备踢足球。）
一疑： Will＋人称 +动词原形+（…）+?
如：Will Jenny go to swimming tomorrow ? （詹妮明天打算去游泳吗？）
Will you play football next week ? （你们下一周准备踢足球吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +will+.
如：Yes , she will .（是的，她去。） Yes , we will .（是的，我们要踢。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +will+ not+.
如：No , she will not .（不，她不打算去。）
No , we will not .（不，我们不打算踢。）
※根据英语习惯，本套句型肯定陈述句中，人称为人称代词时，它与助动词will经常以缩写形式出现，规律如下：I will=I’ll; we will=we’ll; you will=you’ll; he will =he’ll; she will=she’ll; it will=it’ll; they will=they’ll. 缩写后，读音也有变化。
※根据英语通常习惯，本套句型否定陈述句、一般疑问句的否定回答中，助动词will与not经常缩写，规律如下：will not=won’t. 缩写后，读音也有变化。
※在一般疑问句肯定回答中，根据英语习惯，人称不能与系动词缩写。
2、句型(2)构成规律——系动词(am /is/are)+ going to构成规律
肯陈：人称＋系动词(am/is/are)+ going to ＋动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny is going to go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天打算去游泳。）we are going to play football next week . （我们下一周准备踢足球。）
否陈:人称＋系动词(am/is/are)+not+going to+动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny is not going to go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天不打算去游泳。）we are not going to play football next week . 我们下一周不准备踢足球。）
一疑：系动词(Am /Is/Are)＋人称+ going to +动词原形＋（…）+?
如：Is Jenny going to go to swimming tomorrow ? （詹妮明天打算去游泳吗？） Are you going to play football next week ? （你们下一周准备踢足球吗？）
※一般疑问句肯定回答、否定回答和一般现在时中句型（1）一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答的规律相同，系动词与人称代词、not的缩写规律也同上，这儿不再费言。
※通过上面两套句型的观察对比，我们会发现它们所表达的意思是基本是相同的，即：will=be+going to ,尤其在肯定陈述句中，这种规律更为明显。
练习：要求①请变出下列各句的其它句式。②请用学过的两套句型互改句子。③把改出来的句子的其它句式也变出来。
1、I will visit(拜访) my uncle.
2、Jenny is going to Beijing this summer.
3、Will you play ping-pong with your cousin this afternoon ?
4、They won’t do their homework at 7:00 pm.
5、Are children going to buy any（一些） food ?
一般过去时
（一）一般过去时用法
1、用在表示过去的时间里做过的事或存在的状态，常带有yesterday（明天）、two days ago（两天前）、last week（上一周）、in 1985（在1985年）等表示过去时间的词或短语。
2、用在叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
3、用在表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
（二）一般过去时句型构成规律
一般过去时通常有两套句型，其句型构成规律似乎与一般现在时有某种对应关系，不同的地方在于一般过去时有自己专有的系动词was/were, 专有的助动词did,它们与人称的对应关系如下表：
系动词
助动词
were
was
did
人 称
复一 单二 复二 复三
单一 单三
全部人称
好了，明确了系动词、助动词与人称的对应关系之后，下面再开始学习一般过去时的两套句型构成规律
1、句型⑴构成规律——有系动词was/were的句型
肯陈：人称＋系动词(was/were)中的一个+名词/形容词+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia was a Chinese teacher last year.（去年贾老师是一位语文老师。）
We were very happy at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们非常开心。）
否陈：人称＋系动词(was/were)+not + 名词/形容词+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia was not a Chinese teacher last year.（去年贾老师不是一位语文老师。）
We were not very happy at yesterday’s birthday party . （在昨天的生日聚会上，我们不是很开心。）
一疑：系动词(Was/Were)＋人称 + 名词/形容词+（…）+?
如：Was Mr. Jia a Chinese teacher last year ? （去年贾老师是一位语文老师吗？） Were you very happy at yesterday’s birthday party ? （在昨天的生日聚会上，你们开心吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +系动词(was/were) +.
如：Yes , he was . （是的，他是。） Yes , we were .（是的，我们很开心。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +系动词(was/were) + not+.
如：No , he was not .（不，他不是。）No , we were not .（不，我们不开心。）
※在此套句型中，只要系动词was/were与not同时出现，也存在缩写现象，规律如下：was not=wasn’t;were not=weren’t.
※在此套句型中，人称与系动词不存在缩写现象。
2、句型(2)——有实意动词过去式或助动词did的句型
肯陈：人称＋动词过去式（动词ed形式/动词不规则过去形式）＋（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia taught us Chinese last year.（去年，贾老师教我们英语。） We played some games at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们做了一些游戏。）
否陈：人称＋did+ not +动词原形＋（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia did not teach Chinese last year. （去年，贾老师不教我们英语。） We did not play any games at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们没有做任何游戏。）
一疑：Did＋人称+ 动词原形＋（…）+?
如：Did Mr. Jia teach you Chinese last year ? （去年，贾老师教你们英语吗？） Did you play any games at yesterday’s birthday party ? （在昨天的生日聚会上，你们做游戏了吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +did +.
如: Yes , he did .（是的，他教。） Yes , we did .（是的，我们做了。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +did+ not+.
如: No , he did not .（不，他不教。） No , we did not .（不，我们没有。）
※在此套句型中，助动词did与not同时出现时，也可以缩写，其缩写形式如为：did not=didn’t。
※六年级截至一般过去时动词不规则变化的单词有:
see-saw sit-sat wear-wore run-ran find-found sing-sang teach-taught
send-sent eat-ate feel-felt shine-shone grow-grew stand-stood tell-told
make-made give-gave thinkt-thought buy-bought have-had do-did come-came
forget-forgot hit-hit go-went catch-caught hurt-hurt can-could swim-swam
win-won lose-lost say-said leave-left hear-heard begin-began
练习一：请变出下列各句对应其它句式。
1、 Yesterday we bought gifts .
2、 Danny walked to school the day before yesterday(前天) .
3、 His father wasn’t a English teacher ago .
4、 Were you a Chinese ?
5、 Did you bring a Christmas tree to school this morning ?
思考：怎样快速判断一个句子是一般过去时句型（1）还是句型（2）的句子？
练习二：写出下列动词的过去式 。
fly___plant_____are______drink______play_____go____make_____does_____ask_____eat______draw_____put______throw______pass__do take
练习三：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
练习三：句型转换。
1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习四：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June.
It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
练习五：句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习六：中译英。
1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
___________________________________________________________
2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________
3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
___________________________________________________________
练习七：用行为动词的适当形式填空。
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
练习八：句型转换。
1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：________________________________________
练习九：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
练习十：句型转换。
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习十一：中译英。
1. 格林先生去年住在中国。
________________________________________________________
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。
________________________________________________________
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。
__________________________________________________
练习十二： 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
练习十三：中译英。
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。
_________________________________________________________
3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。
_________________________________________________________
练习十四： 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go)
to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to _____ apples. But my dad ______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
练习十五：中译英。
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。
_________________________________________________________
2. 去年端午节我们没去看龙舟比赛。
_________________________________________________________
3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。
_________________________________________________________
过去进行时
（一）过去进行时的用法
过去进行时用在以说话时为时间分界点，在此以前的时间点或一段时间里正在发生或做的事。此时态强调过去时间里动作的正在发生性。这一点与现在进行时有一定的相似性，要注意区别。通常，这种时态的句子中经常有一个过去相对比较具体的时间词或短语，请留心体会。
（二）过去进行时各种句式构成规律
肯陈：人称+系动词（was/were）+实意动词ing形式+（…）+.
如：LiMing and Jenny were writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon .(昨天下午，李明和詹妮正在写圣诞卡。)
否陈：人称+系动词（was/were）+not实意动词ing形式+（…）+.
如LiMing and Jenny were not writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午，李明和詹妮没有正在写圣诞卡。)
一疑：系动词（Was/Were）+人称+ 实意动词ing形式+（…）+?
如：Were LiMing and Jenny writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon ?(昨天下午，李明和詹妮正在写圣诞卡吗？)
※此时态句型的一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答与一般过去时句型（1）的一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答完全相同。系动词was/were与not的缩写知识也一样，但在意思的翻译上不一样，此处不再罗嗦。
练习：请变出下列各句的其它句式。
1、Were you doing your homework last Sunday morning ?
2、We weren’t watching TV at 8:00 yesterday afternoon .
※肯定句变疑问句口诀：
“是，情，助”，移向前，主语其后把身安，一般，现在，与过去，do,does,did 添在前，再改谓语为原形。最后要把问号点。
※时间名词前所用介词口诀：
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，说“过”只用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。
总练习：请变出下列各句的其它句式。
1、Are there four people in your family ?
2、Longlong and Maomao were flying a kite in the park last Saturday morning .
3、Can a bird fly ?
4、They are going to go fishing the day after tomorrow(后天) .
5、I am having supper now .
6、Did Santa bring gifts ?
7、Jenny’s finger is broken .
8、Lucy’s sister wasn’t a doctor ago .
9、He won’t learn to ski on the snow .
10、LiMing usually eats noodles and eggs for breakfast .
思考：怎样快速判断一个句子是上述什么时态的什么句式？
十一、形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。
2．形容词加er的规则：
⑴一般在词尾加er ；如：small—smaller;cold--colder等。
⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；如：nice—nicer等。
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；如：big—bigger;hot--hotter等。
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。如：dirty—dirtier等。
3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后。
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后。
2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)。
三、练习：
一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级：
old______young______tall_______long________short________strong_______big________small_______fat______thin____heavy_____light______nice____good_______beautiful________low_______high________slow______fast_____late__________ early_________ far_______ well_______
二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7. Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9. Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11. Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12. Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13. _____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15. The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三)、翻译句子：
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.
________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?
My ____________ ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______?
No, _________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。
Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远。
I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______.
He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动，你会更强壮。
________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.
12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。
I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My_____ _____ up _____than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。
____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My_____ _____ ______than my ______.
20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.
21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one.
22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)
I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .
※英语中，常见同音词：
eye-I y-why son-sun blue-blew there-their buy-by here-hear one-won
our-hour meet-meat week-weak wear-where its-it’s his-he’s right-write
for-four whose-who’s theirs-there’s no-know new-knew flower-flour
than-then c-sea-see to-too-two
※英语中，常见读音相近的单词：
bad-bed and-end ear-eye-I March-much mouth-month quite-quiet
sing-thing then-than work-worker-walk want-won’t word-world
ate-eight think-sink week-weak-wake right-write-white some-summer
练习四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
现在进行时
（一）现在进行时用法
用在此时此刻（指说话人说话时）正在进行的动作的句子中。该时态句子中常出现强调此种时态的时间词now（现在），但也有例外。
（二）现在进行时句型构成规律
肯陈：人称+系动词（am/is/are）+动词 ing 形式+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia is reading the newspaper.（贾老师正在看报纸。） We are
playing basketball.（我们正在打篮球。）
否陈：人称+系动词（am/is/are）+not+动词ing形式+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia is not reading the newspaper.（贾老师没有正在看报纸。） We are not playing basketball.（我们没有正在打篮球。）
一疑：系动词（Am/Is/Are）+人称+动词ing 形式+（…）+?
如： Is Mr. Jia reading the newspaper ?（贾老师正在看报纸吗？）
Are you playing basketball ?（你们正在打篮球吗？）
※一般疑问句肯定回答、否定回答与一般现在时中句型（1）一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答的规律一样。
※本句型中系动词am/is/are也有与人称、单词not缩写的知识，规律与一般现在时中句型（1）缩写规律相同。
※英语中，动词ing形式有正式的称呼，叫动词现在分词形式，动词由动词原形变成现在分词形式有它的变化规律，现总结如下：
①动词结尾字母为e,取e加ing；（如：like-liking take-taking write-writing等。）②动词倒数第二个字母为元音字母，则双写结尾字母加ing；（如：run-running swim-swimming sit-sitting等。）③个别动词变ing形式无规律可寻，需逐个记忆。（如：lie-lying等。）④除上面几种情况外，动词直接加ing。（如：walk-walking read-reading等。）
※截至六年级出现的现在进行时动词特殊ing形式单词有:
get-getting sit-sitting put-putting hit-hitting come-coming lie-lying
begin-beginning run-running stop-stopping shop-shopping have-having
ski-skiing make-making skate-skating study-studying write-writing
练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run_______ swim _________make__________ go_____ ski_______ like________ write________ read________ have______sing see______ dance_____put_________ buy _________ love_______ live_______ take______ come ________ sit ______ get_______stop_______ begin______ shop______
练习二：请变出下列各句对应其它句式。
1、I’m skating on the ice.
2、Are you reading books now?
3、Dongdong isn’t playing cards now.
4、They are not flying kites in the park .
5、We are shopping for some toys at the department store.
思考：如何快速判断一个句子是现在进行时的句子还是一般现在时句型（1）的句子？
练习三：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7. Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
练习四：句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和
否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
________________________________________________________________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
一般将来时
（一）一般将来时用法
用在表示将来某一时间里，准备、计划、打算做的事或存在的状态的句子中。这种时态的句子里经常出现表示将来时间的词或短语，如：tomorrow（明天）、next week/year…（下一周/年…）等。常见的句型有两套。一般情况下，它们可以互相替换而句子表达意思基本不变。下面分别把每套句型句式构成规律总结如下：
1、句型（１）——有助动词will的句型构成规律
※在讲句型（1）构成规律前，也要先明确一个概念，一般将来时中的助动词不同于一般现在时中助动词do/does,而是一般将来时专用助动词will，它适合于所有人称；是一般将来时标志性单词。
肯陈：人称＋will+动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny will go to swimming tomorrow .（詹妮明天打算去游泳。）
we will play football next week .（我们下一周准备踢足球。）
否陈：人称＋will+not +动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny will not go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天不打算去游泳。） we will not play football next week . （我们下一周不准备踢足球。）
一疑： Will＋人称 +动词原形+（…）+?
如：Will Jenny go to swimming tomorrow ? （詹妮明天打算去游泳吗？）
Will you play football next week ? （你们下一周准备踢足球吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +will+.
如：Yes , she will .（是的，她去。） Yes , we will .（是的，我们要踢。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +will+ not+.
如：No , she will not .（不，她不打算去。）
No , we will not .（不，我们不打算踢。）
※根据英语习惯，本套句型肯定陈述句中，人称为人称代词时，它与助动词will经常以缩写形式出现，规律如下：I will=I’ll; we will=we’ll; you will=you’ll; he will =he’ll; she will=she’ll; it will=it’ll; they will=they’ll. 缩写后，读音也有变化。
※根据英语通常习惯，本套句型否定陈述句、一般疑问句的否定回答中，助动词will与not经常缩写，规律如下：will not=won’t. 缩写后，读音也有变化。
※在一般疑问句肯定回答中，根据英语习惯，人称不能与系动词缩写。
2、句型(2)构成规律——系动词(am /is/are)+ going to构成规律
肯陈：人称＋系动词(am/is/are)+ going to ＋动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny is going to go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天打算去游泳。）we are going to play football next week . （我们下一周准备踢足球。）
否陈:人称＋系动词(am/is/are)+not+going to+动词原形+（…）+.
如：Jenny is not going to go to swimming tomorrow . （詹妮明天不打算去游泳。）we are not going to play football next week . 我们下一周不准备踢足球。）
一疑：系动词(Am /Is/Are)＋人称+ going to +动词原形＋（…）+?
如：Is Jenny going to go to swimming tomorrow ? （詹妮明天打算去游泳吗？） Are you going to play football next week ? （你们下一周准备踢足球吗？）
※一般疑问句肯定回答、否定回答和一般现在时中句型（1）一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答的规律相同，系动词与人称代词、not的缩写规律也同上，这儿不再费言。
※通过上面两套句型的观察对比，我们会发现它们所表达的意思是基本是相同的，即：will=be+going to ,尤其在肯定陈述句中，这种规律更为明显。
练习：要求①请变出下列各句的其它句式。②请用学过的两套句型互改句子。③把改出来的句子的其它句式也变出来。
1、I will visit(拜访) my uncle.
2、Jenny is going to Beijing this summer.
3、Will you play ping-pong with your cousin this afternoon ?
4、They won’t do their homework at 7:00 pm.
5、Are children going to buy any（一些） food ?
一般过去时
（一）一般过去时用法
1、用在表示过去的时间里做过的事或存在的状态，常带有yesterday（明天）、two days ago（两天前）、last week（上一周）、in 1985（在1985年）等表示过去时间的词或短语。
2、用在叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
3、用在表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
（二）一般过去时句型构成规律
一般过去时通常有两套句型，其句型构成规律似乎与一般现在时有某种对应关系，不同的地方在于一般过去时有自己专有的系动词was/were, 专有的助动词did,它们与人称的对应关系如下表：
系动词
助动词
were
was
did
人 称
复一 单二 复二 复三
单一 单三
全部人称
好了，明确了系动词、助动词与人称的对应关系之后，下面再开始学习一般过去时的两套句型构成规律
1、句型⑴构成规律——有系动词was/were的句型
肯陈：人称＋系动词(was/were)中的一个+名词/形容词+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia was a Chinese teacher last year.（去年贾老师是一位语文老师。）
We were very happy at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们非常开心。）
否陈：人称＋系动词(was/were)+not + 名词/形容词+（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia was not a Chinese teacher last year.（去年贾老师不是一位语文老师。）
We were not very happy at yesterday’s birthday party . （在昨天的生日聚会上，我们不是很开心。）
一疑：系动词(Was/Were)＋人称 + 名词/形容词+（…）+?
如：Was Mr. Jia a Chinese teacher last year ? （去年贾老师是一位语文老师吗？） Were you very happy at yesterday’s birthday party ? （在昨天的生日聚会上，你们开心吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +系动词(was/were) +.
如：Yes , he was . （是的，他是。） Yes , we were .（是的，我们很开心。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +系动词(was/were) + not+.
如：No , he was not .（不，他不是。）No , we were not .（不，我们不开心。）
※在此套句型中，只要系动词was/were与not同时出现，也存在缩写现象，规律如下：was not=wasn’t;were not=weren’t.
※在此套句型中，人称与系动词不存在缩写现象。
2、句型(2)——有实意动词过去式或助动词did的句型
肯陈：人称＋动词过去式（动词ed形式/动词不规则过去形式）＋（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia taught us Chinese last year.（去年，贾老师教我们英语。） We played some games at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们做了一些游戏。）
否陈：人称＋did+ not +动词原形＋（…）+.
如：Mr. Jia did not teach Chinese last year. （去年，贾老师不教我们英语。） We did not play any games at yesterday’s birthday party .（在昨天的生日聚会上，我们没有做任何游戏。）
一疑：Did＋人称+ 动词原形＋（…）+?
如：Did Mr. Jia teach you Chinese last year ? （去年，贾老师教你们英语吗？） Did you play any games at yesterday’s birthday party ? （在昨天的生日聚会上，你们做游戏了吗？）
一疑肯答：Yes , 人称代词 +did +.
如: Yes , he did .（是的，他教。） Yes , we did .（是的，我们做了。）
一疑否答：No , 人称代词 +did+ not+.
如: No , he did not .（不，他不教。） No , we did not .（不，我们没有。）
※在此套句型中，助动词did与not同时出现时，也可以缩写，其缩写形式如为：did not=didn’t。
※六年级截至一般过去时动词不规则变化的单词有:
see-saw sit-sat wear-wore run-ran find-found sing-sang teach-taught
send-sent eat-ate feel-felt shine-shone grow-grew stand-stood tell-told
make-made give-gave thinkt-thought buy-bought have-had do-did come-came
forget-forgot hit-hit go-went catch-caught hurt-hurt can-could swim-swam
win-won lose-lost say-said leave-left hear-heard begin-began
练习一：请变出下列各句对应其它句式。
1、 Yesterday we bought gifts .
2、 Danny walked to school the day before yesterday(前天) .
3、 His father wasn’t a English teacher ago .
4、 Were you a Chinese ?
5、 Did you bring a Christmas tree to school this morning ?
思考：怎样快速判断一个句子是一般过去时句型（1）还是句型（2）的句子？
练习二：写出下列动词的过去式 。
fly___plant_____are______drink______play_____go____make_____does_____ask_____eat______draw_____put______throw______pass__do take
练习三：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
练习三：句型转换。
1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习四：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June.
It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
练习五：句型转换。
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习六：中译英。
1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
___________________________________________________________
2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
___________________________________________________________
3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
___________________________________________________________
练习七：用行为动词的适当形式填空。
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
练习八：句型转换。
1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：________________________________________
练习九：用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
练习十：句型转换。
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
练习十一：中译英。
1. 格林先生去年住在中国。
________________________________________________________
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。
________________________________________________________
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。
__________________________________________________
练习十二： 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
练习十三：中译英。
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。
_________________________________________________________
3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。
_________________________________________________________
练习十四： 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go)
to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to _____ apples. But my dad ______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
练习十五：中译英。
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。
_________________________________________________________
2. 去年端午节我们没去看龙舟比赛。
_________________________________________________________
3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。
_________________________________________________________
过去进行时
（一）过去进行时的用法
过去进行时用在以说话时为时间分界点，在此以前的时间点或一段时间里正在发生或做的事。此时态强调过去时间里动作的正在发生性。这一点与现在进行时有一定的相似性，要注意区别。通常，这种时态的句子中经常有一个过去相对比较具体的时间词或短语，请留心体会。
（二）过去进行时各种句式构成规律
肯陈：人称+系动词（was/were）+实意动词ing形式+（…）+.
如：LiMing and Jenny were writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon .(昨天下午，李明和詹妮正在写圣诞卡。)
否陈：人称+系动词（was/were）+not实意动词ing形式+（…）+.
如LiMing and Jenny were not writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午，李明和詹妮没有正在写圣诞卡。)
一疑：系动词（Was/Were）+人称+ 实意动词ing形式+（…）+?
如：Were LiMing and Jenny writing Christmas cards yesterday afternoon ?(昨天下午，李明和詹妮正在写圣诞卡吗？)
※此时态句型的一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答与一般过去时句型（1）的一般疑问句肯定回答和否定回答完全相同。系动词was/were与not的缩写知识也一样，但在意思的翻译上不一样，此处不再罗嗦。
练习：请变出下列各句的其它句式。
1、Were you doing your homework last Sunday morning ?
2、We weren’t watching TV at 8:00 yesterday afternoon .
※肯定句变疑问句口诀：
“是，情，助”，移向前，主语其后把身安，一般，现在，与过去，do,does,did 添在前，再改谓语为原形。最后要把问号点。
※时间名词前所用介词口诀：
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，说“过”只用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。
总练习：请变出下列各句的其它句式。
1、Are there four people in your family ?
2、Longlong and Maomao were flying a kite in the park last Saturday morning .
3、Can a bird fly ?
4、They are going to go fishing the day after tomorrow(后天) .
5、I am having supper now .
6、Did Santa bring gifts ?
7、Jenny’s finger is broken .
8、Lucy’s sister wasn’t a doctor ago .
9、He won’t learn to ski on the snow .
10、LiMing usually eats noodles and eggs for breakfast .
思考：怎样快速判断一个句子是上述什么时态的什么句式？
十一、形容词和副词的比较级
一、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。
2．形容词加er的规则：
⑴一般在词尾加er ；如：small—smaller;cold--colder等。
⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；如：nice—nicer等。
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；如：big—bigger;hot--hotter等。
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。如：dirty—dirtier等。
3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后。
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后。
2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)。
三、练习：
一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级：
old______young______tall_______long________short________strong_______big________small_______fat______thin____heavy_____light______nice____good_______beautiful________low_______high________slow______fast_____late__________ early_________ far_______ well_______
二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7. Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9. Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11. Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12. Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13. _____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15. The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三)、翻译句子：
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.
________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?
My ____________ ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______?
No, _________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。
Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和Mike一样远。
I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。
____ Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______.
He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动，你会更强壮。
________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.
12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。
I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me.
15.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My_____ _____ up _____than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。
____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t ______ _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My_____ _____ ______than my ______.
20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.
21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one.
22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)
I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .
※英语中，常见同音词：
eye-I y-why son-sun blue-blew there-their buy-by here-hear one-won
our-hour meet-meat week-weak wear-where its-it’s his-he’s right-write
for-four whose-who’s theirs-there’s no-know new-knew flower-flour
than-then c-sea-see to-too-two
※英语中，常见读音相近的单词：
bad-bed and-end ear-eye-I March-much mouth-month quite-quiet
sing-thing then-than work-worker-walk want-won’t word-world
ate-eight think-sink week-weak-wake right-write-white some-summer