中财网乌兰布和:[神马语法]高中版:高考英语语法突破-句型积累(2)
来源：百度文库 编辑：中财网 时间：2024/04/28 13:13:48
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom?
在盥洗室里乔找不到的东西到底是什么？
本句是强调句型：It is +强调部分+that从句。本句型用于强调句中的除开谓语之外的某一成分，如主语、宾语或状语。
[例] I met Peter yesterday in the library.
我昨天在图书馆里碰到了彼得。
It was I that / who met Peter yesterday in the party. (强调主语)
是我在昨天图书里碰到彼得的。
It was Peter that / who / whom I met yesterday in the library. (强调宾语)
我昨天在图书馆里碰到的是彼得。
It was yesterday that I met Peter in the library. (强调时间状语)
我是在昨天图书馆里碰到彼得的。
It was in the library that I met Peter yesterday. (强调地点状语)
我是在图书馆里碰到彼得的。
强调句型应注意的要点：
①强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)，强调主句，whom(指人，强调宾语)或that(指物或人)；若被强调的是状语，只能用that，而不能用when或者where；连接词不能省略。
②强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。
[例] It is Mary who often comes to school late.
是玛丽上学经常迟到。
③判断是否是强调句的一般方法是：如果将句中的It is / was … that / who …去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，不是。
[例] It was in today’s newspaper that we found the news.
他是在今天的报纸上打到那条新闻的。
去掉It was … that后，句子可以整理为：We found the news in today’s newspaper. 这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。
强调句型的常见考法：
①用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。
[例] It was for this reason that he left the company.
正是因为此原因他才离开公司。
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
正是用这种办法他才解决了问题。
②用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为强调的部分
[例] It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.
我在重读了他的诗歌之后才开始欣赏到这些诗歌的美。
③用not until结构作为被强调的部分。
[例] It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
直到她取下眼镜之后我才意识到她是一位影星。
④在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。
[例] It was on July 5th, 1980 when he was born that his father died.
他是在1980年7月5日即其父亲去世的那一天出生的。
⑤通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。
[例] Was it during the Second World War that he died?
他是在二战期间去世的吗？
When was it that the sports meeting began?
运动会什么时候开始？
It was not Tom that stole the book.
不是汤姆偷了书。
Wasn’t it he that had made a mistake?
难道不是他犯了错误的吗？
⑥通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外，还可以在其前面加上may / might / must等表示推测的情态动词。
[例] It might be him that you met yesterday.
你昨天遇到的或许是他。
[典型例题]
1. I just wonder ___ that makes him so excited. (06山东卷32)
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
答案D。
2. ---______ that he managed to get the information?
---Oh, a friend of his helped him (05山东卷31)
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
答案.C。
2. With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
每天有这么多的人用英语交流，我们可以看出掌握英语是越来越重要。
“with +宾语+宾补”是with引起的复合结构，常用作原因或伴随状语，也可作定语。
除了可以用现在分词形式作宾补外，根据宾补与宾语的关系，还有以下形式：
with +宾语+形容词
with +宾语+副词
with +宾语+介词短语
with +宾语+过去分词
with +宾语+动词不定式
[例] He fell asleep with the window open.
他睡着了却没有关窗子。
He was working there with only a shirt on.
他只穿一件衬衫在那里干活。
The policeman was running after the robber, with a gun in his hand.
警察手里拿着一把枪在追抢劫犯。
With my homework finished, I went out to play football.
作业写完后，我去出踢足球。
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。
[典题示例]
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
答案：A
解析：with sth. done为独立主格，作伴随状语。
3. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
然而，在多数时间里，英国人和美国人都能容易地相互听懂对方所说的话。
常用句型have / find / there be + (any / some / no / much, etc.) difficulty (in) doing sth / with sth.表示“做某事有……的困难”，其中difficulty通常用单数形式。
[例] We have no difficulty (in) dealing with the matter.
我们处理此事没有困难。
He found some difficulty in finishing the task / with the task on time.
他发现按时完成任务有些困难。
本短语中difficulty也可替换成trouble，均为不可数名词。后接名词时，常用介词with。
4. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
长期以来，美国英语保持原状，但英国英语却发生了变化。
此句中的while意为“而；然而”，表示转折对比。
[例] He always stays the calm while his brother gets excited easily.
他总是很平静，而他弟弟却很容易激动。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。
( 1 )在作“然而”解时，while句子不能放在前面。while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；在用同一个主语表达不同动作并进行转折时应用but，不用while来表示转折。下面两句均不能用while。
[例] He is not a scientist, but a musician.
他不是科学家，而是音乐家。
I like sports but don’t like music.
我喜欢体育而不喜欢音乐。
( 2 ) while 引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管； 虽然”。
[例] While I don’t have much money, I would like to help the people who need help.
[典题示例]
1. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall ______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while B. whether C. what D. with
答案：A
解析：while此处表转折，意为“然而”。
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while
答案：D
解析：将生活开支与生活质量进行对比。
2. ______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
答案：D
解析：while引出让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此处while不表转折，而表让步。
3. I’d like to study law at university ______ my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
答案：C
解析：while表示对比转折，意为“然而”。
4. I won’t call you _______ something unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
答案：A
解析：考查连词的用法，unless意为“如果不…，除非…”。即：如果没有意外之事，我不给你打电话了。whether意为“是否”；because表原因，意为“因为”；while表时间等，意为“当…之时”，皆不合题意。
在盥洗室里乔找不到的东西到底是什么？
本句是强调句型：It is +强调部分+that从句。本句型用于强调句中的除开谓语之外的某一成分，如主语、宾语或状语。
[例] I met Peter yesterday in the library.
我昨天在图书馆里碰到了彼得。
It was I that / who met Peter yesterday in the party. (强调主语)
是我在昨天图书里碰到彼得的。
It was Peter that / who / whom I met yesterday in the library. (强调宾语)
我昨天在图书馆里碰到的是彼得。
It was yesterday that I met Peter in the library. (强调时间状语)
我是在昨天图书馆里碰到彼得的。
It was in the library that I met Peter yesterday. (强调地点状语)
我是在图书馆里碰到彼得的。
强调句型应注意的要点：
①强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)，强调主句，whom(指人，强调宾语)或that(指物或人)；若被强调的是状语，只能用that，而不能用when或者where；连接词不能省略。
②强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。
[例] It is Mary who often comes to school late.
是玛丽上学经常迟到。
③判断是否是强调句的一般方法是：如果将句中的It is / was … that / who …去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，不是。
[例] It was in today’s newspaper that we found the news.
他是在今天的报纸上打到那条新闻的。
去掉It was … that后，句子可以整理为：We found the news in today’s newspaper. 这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。
强调句型的常见考法：
①用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。
[例] It was for this reason that he left the company.
正是因为此原因他才离开公司。
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
正是用这种办法他才解决了问题。
②用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为强调的部分
[例] It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.
我在重读了他的诗歌之后才开始欣赏到这些诗歌的美。
③用not until结构作为被强调的部分。
[例] It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
直到她取下眼镜之后我才意识到她是一位影星。
④在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。
[例] It was on July 5th, 1980 when he was born that his father died.
他是在1980年7月5日即其父亲去世的那一天出生的。
⑤通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。
[例] Was it during the Second World War that he died?
他是在二战期间去世的吗？
When was it that the sports meeting began?
运动会什么时候开始？
It was not Tom that stole the book.
不是汤姆偷了书。
Wasn’t it he that had made a mistake?
难道不是他犯了错误的吗？
⑥通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外，还可以在其前面加上may / might / must等表示推测的情态动词。
[例] It might be him that you met yesterday.
你昨天遇到的或许是他。
[典型例题]
1. I just wonder ___ that makes him so excited. (06山东卷32)
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
答案D。
2. ---______ that he managed to get the information?
---Oh, a friend of his helped him (05山东卷31)
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
答案.C。
2. With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
每天有这么多的人用英语交流，我们可以看出掌握英语是越来越重要。
“with +宾语+宾补”是with引起的复合结构，常用作原因或伴随状语，也可作定语。
除了可以用现在分词形式作宾补外，根据宾补与宾语的关系，还有以下形式：
with +宾语+形容词
with +宾语+副词
with +宾语+介词短语
with +宾语+过去分词
with +宾语+动词不定式
[例] He fell asleep with the window open.
他睡着了却没有关窗子。
He was working there with only a shirt on.
他只穿一件衬衫在那里干活。
The policeman was running after the robber, with a gun in his hand.
警察手里拿着一把枪在追抢劫犯。
With my homework finished, I went out to play football.
作业写完后，我去出踢足球。
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。
[典题示例]
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
答案：A
解析：with sth. done为独立主格，作伴随状语。
3. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
然而，在多数时间里，英国人和美国人都能容易地相互听懂对方所说的话。
常用句型have / find / there be + (any / some / no / much, etc.) difficulty (in) doing sth / with sth.表示“做某事有……的困难”，其中difficulty通常用单数形式。
[例] We have no difficulty (in) dealing with the matter.
我们处理此事没有困难。
He found some difficulty in finishing the task / with the task on time.
他发现按时完成任务有些困难。
本短语中difficulty也可替换成trouble，均为不可数名词。后接名词时，常用介词with。
4. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
长期以来，美国英语保持原状，但英国英语却发生了变化。
此句中的while意为“而；然而”，表示转折对比。
[例] He always stays the calm while his brother gets excited easily.
他总是很平静，而他弟弟却很容易激动。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。
( 1 )在作“然而”解时，while句子不能放在前面。while和but有所不同，while用于对比，but表示转折；在用同一个主语表达不同动作并进行转折时应用but，不用while来表示转折。下面两句均不能用while。
[例] He is not a scientist, but a musician.
他不是科学家，而是音乐家。
I like sports but don’t like music.
我喜欢体育而不喜欢音乐。
( 2 ) while 引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管； 虽然”。
[例] While I don’t have much money, I would like to help the people who need help.
[典题示例]
1. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall ______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while B. whether C. what D. with
答案：A
解析：while此处表转折，意为“然而”。
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while
答案：D
解析：将生活开支与生活质量进行对比。
2. ______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
答案：D
解析：while引出让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此处while不表转折，而表让步。
3. I’d like to study law at university ______ my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
答案：C
解析：while表示对比转折，意为“然而”。
4. I won’t call you _______ something unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
答案：A
解析：考查连词的用法，unless意为“如果不…，除非…”。即：如果没有意外之事，我不给你打电话了。whether意为“是否”；because表原因，意为“因为”；while表时间等，意为“当…之时”，皆不合题意。
这句英语语法对吗？
高考必考:英语语法.
英语语法和中文语法有没有关系
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