左冷禅打败任我行:青少年如何拒绝酒精诱惑

青少年如何拒绝酒精诱惑

Most adventurous teenagers will occasionally have a drink. The majority will experiment and stop, or continue to use alcohol casually without significant problems. Sadly, some will develop a dependency and become physically, emotionally, and socially destructive to themselves for many years. Some will die, and some will cause others to die.

很多爱冒险的青少年偶尔会尝点酒。他们中大多数人只是尝尝鲜，不会贪杯，或者他们虽然会时不时的喝酒，但也不致于到酗酒的严重地步。不幸的是，有部分人会染上酒瘾，长期对身体、心理、社交产生破坏性的影响。还有一些人因过度酗酒而死，或是因酒后犯事而致他人死亡。

A person’s best defense against teenaged alcoholism is a good offense! There are a number of steps people can take to help prevent a kid from crossing that line between experimentation and abusing alcohol:

呼吁抵制青少年酗酒就是最好的防御措施。大家可以通过以下方法去避免未成年人从试酒变成酗酒：

Give a kid the facts about alcohol. The "teachable years" of nine to eleven are probably the best time to start talking to your children. People can call (800) 359-TALK and receive two free booklets from the Anheuser-Busch Company that provide tips on discussing alcohol use with younger people. These excellent guides emphasize that people should give their teen's accurate information about alcohol. Simply telling them "not to drink" or that alcohol is evil does not work. Many teenagers drink as a dramatic way of asserting their independence from too demanding parents. A more positive approach is to tell young people that alcohol does have a place in society and then instruct them how to use it safely. Another free pamphlet is available by sending a self-addressed stamped envelope to the American Academy of Pediatrics, Department C - Alcohol: Your Child and Drugs, PO Box 927, Elk Grove, Illinois 60009.

让孩子知道酒到底是什么。9-11岁这个时期孩子处于易于教导阶段，是开始给孩子这方面教导的最佳时机。可以通过拨打（800）359谈话专线免费获得安海斯布希饮料公司提供的关于跟未成年人讨论饮酒问题的两本小贴士册子。只是一味的命令他们不能喝酒或者说喝酒不好是没有用的。有许多青少年喝酒仅仅就是为了向过分要求他们的父母宣扬独立这个可笑的理由。更实际的一个方法是告诉他们酒有一定的社会地位，从而引导他们怎样安全饮酒。还可以通寄信到美国儿科学会部门C：《酒精：孩子与毒品》免费获得小册子。收信人：艾尔克格洛夫，地址：伊利诺斯州60009号，邮编：927。

Set a good example by being a positive role model. Research consistently shows that an adult's behavior has a more dramatic impact on young people than advice, and this is particularly true with alcohol use and abuse. Problem drinking by adolescents is most likely to occur when adults in the household use alcohol in excess. In addition, people who do not drink should know that their abstinence will not guarantee that a teen will not abuse alcohol.

家长要给孩子们树立好榜样，不消极酗酒。研究表明成年人的具体行为比苦心忠告对孩子有更大的影响。在饮酒和酗酒问题上家长的行为也同样对孩子产生极大的影响。青少年酗酒通常是家长在家过度饮酒导致的恶果。此外，即使家长不饮酒，也不代表孩子会因此不酗酒。

Point out the myths about alcohol portrayed in the media. Drinking is not an essential part of having fun, playing sports, or being "cool." Never make light of anyone getting drunk and reinforce the idea that this behavior is not an indicator of maturity.

指出影视剧里面酒的真面目。喝酒并不是娱乐、体育、耍酷的必备内容。绝不要把喝酒当成是显示成熟的标志，更不要让这个想法发展下去。

Keep the lines of communication always open. This will let the teen know that they can discuss any problems so that their issues can be remedied before getting worse. This is not always easy for people, since the adolescent wants all the privileges of being an adult without accepting any of the responsibilities. Make an agreement that your teen can call anytime ("no questions asked") for transportation home instead of getting into a car with a driver who has been drinking.

保持通讯正常。这样孩子知道有问题的时候可以跟家长讨论，避免问题恶化。这对家长来说不容易，因为青春期的孩子理所当然的要父母尽责却不愿意承担任何义务。在接送孩子回家的问题上达成共识，孩子任何时候都可以打电话要求接送（不允许反对），避免孩子搭酒驾司机的车。

Help teens feel good about themselves. People who have a strong self-image are better able to say "no" and withstand peer pressure. While the development of a teen’s self-image begins long before adolescence, people can take measures to enhance their youngster’s self-image. Seek out areas in which the teenager is talented or unique and stimulate their interest in them. Remember to always criticize the action rather than the teen to preserve their self-esteem and lessen the chances of repeated behavior.

帮助孩子认识到自己的优点。有强烈自我认识的孩子更容易拒绝喝酒，更能抵挡来自同辈的压力。当青少年的自我认识在青春期之前形成时，家长就可以想办法增强孩子的自我认识。找出孩子擅长或者独特的地方，然后鼓励他们往这些方面发展。要记住是批评他们做错事，而不是指责孩子，不要损害到他们的自尊，从而减少再犯同样错误。

People should prepare themselves for the fact that their teen will eventually try alcohol. This experimentation is a fact of life and should not be considered a reflection of poor parenting. Decide in advance how to handle the situation.

孩子总有一天会尝试喝酒，家长对此要做好心理准备。孩子试酒是无法改变的事实，不必把它当做教导不善的反映。要提早想好应对的方法。

Monitor the teen’s whereabouts. People should always know where their kids are when not in school. It is important to get to know your teen’s friends and also their parents. Parents can combat teen drinking without making their teen a social outcast by joining other parents and having "alcohol-free" parties.

了解孩子的去向。家长要知道孩子放学后都会去哪里玩。这对了解孩子的朋友及他们的家长十分重要。家长可以跟其他家长一起举办无酒聚会，这样孩子既不会被排挤，也不会沾上酒。

Demand state legislators close loopholes that make it harder for minors to buy alcohol. Favor stronger laws that require parents in whose home underage drinking takes place and bartenders who serve teens liable for accidents caused by intoxicated youngsters. But remember, don’t expect legislation to stop underage drinking. Prohibition did not work either.

 

要求国家执法部门限制酒类销售，使未成年人难买酒。利用法律的强制力规定未成年人在家或是在酒吧醉酒所发生的事故由其家长或是有关酒吧服务员负责。但要记住，不要指望法律去制止未成年人喝酒。禁酒令也没有办法完全解决问题。

Help your child overcome peer pressure by developing effective decision making skills. Rather than giving advice or making demands, help adolescents in making decisions and anticipating the consequences. Teach your teen that saying "no" is a sign of maturity and that true friends will respect their decision.

培养孩子有效决策的能力，帮助他们克服来自同辈的压力。要帮助孩子做决定，考虑事情的后果，而不是一味的劝告和提要求。告诉孩子懂得说“不”是成熟的标志，真正的朋友会尊重他们的决定。

Encourage positive "addictions." Supporting a young person’s involvement in hobbies, sports, the arts, and other activities can help prevent the teen from trying alcohol or other drugs out of sheer boredom.

鼓励积极向上的嗜好。支持孩子们投入自己感兴趣的、体育、艺术类等一些能帮助他们摆脱因无所事事而试图以喝酒解闷的活动中。

Despite their apparent physical health, teens frequently engage in behaviors that increase their risk of physical harm, jeopardize their future, and upset their parents. In the midst of our nation’s war on drugs like cocaine and crack, everyone should place more attention on the rising tide of alcohol abuse by teenagers. Former Surgeon General Dr. Antonio Novello feels that "the true consequences of underage drinking go beyond crashes and cirrhosis of the liver. They include school dropouts, vandalism, theft, truancy, date rape, and death by overdose." It is unrealistic to think that alcohol use by teenagers will ever disappear, but parents can do a lot to significantly reduce adolescent alcohol abuse.

除了身体上受到伤害，青少年频繁喝酒会增加对身体的危害，还会耽误自己的未来，让父母对自己失去信心。在我国大力查禁可卡因和摇头丸等毒品的同时，青少年酗酒势头的迅速上升应引起足够重视。前美国卫生署署长安东尼奥诺瓦拉认为，未成年人酗酒的危害远不止肝坏死或是肝硬化这些身体上的伤害，还有辍学、破坏公共财物、盗窃、逃课、强暴、嗑药致死等严重后果。未成年人酗酒问题最终会消失的想法是不切实际的，但家长可以为减少青少年酗酒做出极大贡献。

A TEENAGERS GUIDE TO HANDLING PEER PRESSURE

如何应对同辈劝酒的压力

TACTIC

策略

ANSWER

回答

"Go ahead and have a drink. What’s the matter, are you scared?"

“走，我们喝一杯。不会不敢喝吧?"

"You must think I’m pretty stupid to fall for that line. It takes a lot more guts to do your own thing."

”你肯定会认为我太笨了，就为了这句话喝了酒。但做自己想做的事情需要很大的勇气。“

"Come on, all the cool kids drink."

”来吧，喝酒真是酷毙了。“

"Maybe the kids who drink think they’re cool, but if they really were cool, maybe they would not have to try do hard!"

”也许喝酒的青少年认为自己很酷，但如果他们真的酷的话，也许他们不需要如此费心证明自己。“

"Hey, I’m your friend. Would I steer you wrong?"

“我们是哥们，难道我还会害你不成？”

"Friends are people who like you for who your are. If you are really a friend, respect my feelings."

”朋友是能够接受最真实的你的人。如果你真是我的朋友，我想你会尊重我的选择。”

"Do you want everyone to think you’re not with it?

“你真想让每个人都觉得你是不合群的吗？”

"Sure I care with other kids think of me, but if they base their opinions on stuff like drinking, their opinions are not worth very much."

“我当然在意别人对我的看法，但是如果他们以喝不喝酒这些事情去评判我，我不在乎他们怎么看我。”

"I bet you’re just scared your parents will find out you’re drinking."

"我敢打赌你肯定是怕被你爸妈发现你喝酒。"

"I would not blame my parents for getting angry. How can I expect them to treat me like an adult if I sneak around and act like a kid?"

“我家人生我的气也是合情合理的。像这样鬼鬼祟祟做事，像个长不大的孩子，我还怎么能期望他们把我当成人看待呢？”