一首歌的版权费是多少:过去分词

构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)　　1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：　　(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited　　(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。　　live---lived---lived ,　　(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,　　(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped　　2 、不规则动词，见不规则表

当过去分词作为表语

　　The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.　　【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.　　(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)　　(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)　　【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, V-ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.　　(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.

当过去分词作为定语

　　作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.　　1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.　　We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.　　2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.　　The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.　　3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.　　The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.　　4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.　　The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.

当过去分词作为状语

　　1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.　　(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.　　【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).　　(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.　　2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.　　(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.　　再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)　　(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.　　从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)　　【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.　　(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.　　(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)　　3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.　　(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)　　(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.　　【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.　　When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.　　4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.　　He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.

当过去分词作为宾语补足语

　　(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:　　1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.　　(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)　　(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)　　2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.　　(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.　　(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.　　(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.　　3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如：　　(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。　　(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。　　4. 表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如：　　(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。　　(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。　　【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.　　(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.　　1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.　　He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)　　2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)

with +宾语+过去分词"的结构

　　此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.　　(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)　　(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)　　(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)　　(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.　　(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.过去分词不规则变化表

编辑本段过去分词不规则变化表

　　一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共7个）　　cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read　　二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）　　1?过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个）　　bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought flight-fought-fought　　2?词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）　　build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent　　3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）　　catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught　　4．把-eep变为-ept。（3个）　　keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept　　5?把-ell变为-old。（2个）　　tell—told—told sell—sold—sold　　6．过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）　　smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt　　7．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）　　learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt　　8．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个）　　say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard　　9．改变元音字母。（11个）　　meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—dug lose—lost—lost　　10．改变辅音字母。（1个）　　make—made—made　　11?改变元、辅音字母。（4个）　　leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have（has）— had—had understand—understood—understood　　三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个）　　1?i—a—u变化。（6个）　　begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk　　2?词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）　　blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown（show除外）　　3?词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）　　drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen　　4?过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）　　break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken wake—woke— woken　　5?过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个）　　forget—forgot—forgotten　　6?过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）　　be—was（were）—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden（hid）　　7?词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）　　take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken　　8?原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）　　do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn　　四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）　　beat—beat—beaten　　五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）　　come—came—come become—became—become run— ran—run　　六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）　　can—could may—might will—would shall—should　　动词原形 过去式 过去分词　　arise arose arisen　　awake awoke/awaked awoken　　be was been　　bear bore borne(携带)/born(出生)　　beat beat beaten　　become became become　　begin began begun　　befall befell befallen　　bend bent bent　　bet bet bet　　bind bound bound　　bite bit bitten/bit　　bleed bled bled　　blend blended blent　　bless blessed blest　　blow blew blown　　break broke broken　　breed bred bred　　bring brought brought　　broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted　　build built built　　burn burnt/burned burnt/burned　　burst burst burst　　buy bought bought　　cast cast cast　　catch caught caught　　choose chose chosen　　cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft　　cling clung clung　　clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad　　come came come　　cost cost cost　　creep crept crept　　crow crowed/crew crowed　　cut cut cut　　dare dared/durst dared　　deal dealt dealt　　dig dug dug　　do did done　　draw drew drawn　　dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed　　drink drank drunk　　drive drove driven　　dwell dwelt dwelt　　eat ate eaten　　fall fell fallen　　feed fed fed　　feel felt felt　　fight fought fought　　find found found　　flee fled fled　　fling flung flung　　fly flew flown　　forbid forbade/forbad forbidden　　forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted　　forget forgot forgotten　　forgive forgave forgiven　　freeze froze frozen　　gainsay gainsaid gainsaid　　get got gotten　　gild gilded/gilt gilded　　gird girded/girt girded/girt　　give gave given　　go went gone　　grave graved graven/graved　　grind ground ground　　grow grew grown　　hang hung/hanged hung/hanged　　have had had　　hear heard heard　　heave heaved/hove hesved/hove　　hide hid hidden　　hit hit hit　　hold held held　　hurt hurt hurt　　keep kept kept　　kneel knelt knelt　　know knew known　　lade laded laden　　lay laid laid　　lead led led　　lean lesnt/leaned lesnt/leaned　　leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped　　learn learnt/learned learnt/learned　　leave left left　　lend lent lent　　let let let　　lie lay lain　　light lit/lighted lit/lighted　　lose lost lost　　make made made　　mean meant meant　　meet met met　　melt melted meited/molten　　mistake mistook mistaken　　misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood　　outgrow outgrew outgrown　　overcome overcame overcome　　oversee oversaw overseen　　pay paid paid　　prove proved proved/proven　　put put put　　quit quitted/quit quitted/quit　　read read read　　rend rent rent　　ride rode ridden　　ring rang rung　　rise rose risen　　rive rived riven/rived　　run ran run　　saw sawed sawn/sawed　　say said said　　see saw seen　　seek sought sought　　sell sold sold　　send sent sent　　set set set　　sew sewed sewn/sewed　　shake shook shaken　　shave shaved shaved/shaven　　shear sheared sheared/shorn　　shed shed shed　　shine shone shone　　shoe shod shod　　shoot shot shot　　show showed shown/showed　　shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken　　shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived　　shut shut shut　　sing sang/sung sung　　sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken　　sit sat sat　　slay slew slain　　sleep slept slept　　slide slid slid　　sling slung slung　　slink slunk slunk　　slit slit slit　　smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled　　smite smote smitten　　sow sowed sown/sowed　　speak spoke spoken　　speed sped/speeded sped/speeded　　spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled　　spend spent spent　　spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled　　spin spun/span spun　　spit spat/spit spat/spit　　spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled　　spread spread spread　　spring sprang/sprung sprung　　stand stood stood　　stave staved/stove staved/stove　　steal stole stolen　　stick stuck stuck　　sting stung stung　　swear swore sworn　　sweep swept swept　　swell swelled swollen/swelled　　swim swam swum　　swing swung swung　　take took taken　　teach taught taught　　tear tore torn　　tell told told　　think thought thought　　throw threw thrown　　thrust thrust thrust　　tread trod trodden/trod　　upset upset upset　　wake woke/waked woken/waked　　wear wore worn　　weave wove woven　　weep wept wept　　win won won　　wind wound wound　　work worked/wrought worked/wrought　　wring wrung wrung　　write wrote written