汪曾祺自选集 txt:反意疑问句

反意疑问句

 1. 反意疑问句的形式

反意疑问句一般有以下四种形式：

肯定陈述句+否定反意疑问。例如：

This pencil is red，isn't it? 

否定陈述句+肯定反意疑问。例如：

This pencil isn't red，is it? 

肯定陈述句+肯定反意疑问。例如： 

This pencil is red，is it?

否定陈述句+否定反意疑问。例如：

This pencil isn't red，isn't it?

前两种形式是主要的，后两种不常见。

2. 反意疑问句的用法  

1)当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分的主语用there。例如：

There aren't a lot of flowers in the garden in winter，are there? 

There existed different opinions on this issue，didn't there? 

2)当陈述部分是以不定代词one作主语时，反意疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you。例如：

One cannot succeed at this，can one?   

One cannot succeed at this，can you?

3)当陈述部分是I'm…结构时，反意疑问部分一般用aren't I。例如：

I am a student，aren't I?

4)当陈述部分是一个带有that引导的宾语从句的复合结构时，反意疑问部分一般根据主句的主语和谓语动词而定。例如：

You told me (that) I had passed the exam，didn't you?

He says that everybody in our class will attend the meeting，doesn't he?

但是，当陈述部分的主句是I think，I suppose，I believe等结构时，反意疑问部分则往往由that从句中的主语和谓语动词决定，并且要注意否定的转移。

例如：

I believe (that) it is going to rain，isn't it? 

I don't think (that) he will come，will he?

5)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，反意疑问部分要根据have的意义及形式而定。

a．当have表示“所有”含义时，反意疑问可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：

He has a book in his hand，hasn't he?

He has a book in his hand，doesn't he?

b．当陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式时，反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如：

You haven't a car，have you?

You don't have any money with you，do you?

c．当have不表示“所有”含义而表示其他含义时，反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如：

We had a good time in the vacation，didn't we?

He has his breakfast at seven everyday，doesn't he?

You have to get up early tomorrow，don't you?

6)当陈述部分带有never，nothing，nowhere，seldom，hardly，rarely，few，little等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如：  

The summit meeting never took place，did it?

You can hardly believe what he said，can you?

There is little ink in the bottle，is there?

Few people know this place，do they?

7)当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un-，in-，im-，dis- 等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，那么反意疑问部分用否定形式。例如：   

He is impolite to the teacher，isn't he?

He distrusted anybody around him，didn't he?

8)当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中用ought to形式，在美式英语中用should形式。例如：

You ought to see the new picture，shouldn't you?

Teachers ought to be honoured，oughtn't they?

9)当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可以用used to形式，也可以用did形式。例如：

She used to live abroad，usedn't she?

There used to be a news stand in the corner of the street，didn't there?

当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。

a．当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustn't。例如：

You must do it by yourself，mustn't you?

b．当must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问部分用needn't。例如：

You must see him tonight，needn't you?

c．当must表示“一定”或“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't，而要根据must后的动词形式而定。例如：

He must be crazy to do so，isn't he?

She must have been there for a long time，hasn't she?

They must have stayed at home last night，didn't they?

10)当陈述部分带有need时，反意疑问部分需视need的含义而定。如果need用作情态动词，则反意疑问部分用need形式；如果need用作实义动词，表示“需要”，则反意疑问部分用do形式。例如：

You needn't go there，need you?

She needs to go there，doesn't she?

Plants need sun to grow，don't they?

11)当陈述部分带有I'd better或I'd rather时，反意疑问部分用hadn't或wouldn't。例如 ：

You'd better finish the task before tomorrow，hadn't you?

He'd rather stay with us，wouldn't he?

12)当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you，won't you，would you。例如：

Don't be too late，will you?

Close the door，won't you?

Come here，will you?

Open your books，would you?

13) 陈述部分是以Let's开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用shall we；若是以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用will you。例如：

Let's have a party tonight，shall we?

Let us have a look at your pictures，will you?

注意, 如果祈使句是否定形式，那么反意疑问句只能用will you。例如：

Don't forget to bring your notebooks here tomorrow，will you?

1） 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如：

I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？

2） 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：

I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？

3） 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：

Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？

4） 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如：

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？

5） 陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。例如：

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？

6） 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。例如：

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？

7） 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如：

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？

8） 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。例如：

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？

9） 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如：

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？

10） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如：

He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？

11） 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如：

What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？

12） 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？

13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如：

Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪，是吗？

14） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？

b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？

c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：

I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？

We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？

15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如：

Everyone knows the answer, don't they? （does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？

Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？

16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如：

We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？

He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如：

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？

17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如：

Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？

Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？

注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如：

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？

18） 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如：

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题，对不对？

There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？

19） 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：

It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能，是吗？

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？

20） must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：

He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？