薄膜材料的发展前景:第十一单元Section A 内容详解

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Section A 内容详解
Language Goal: Ask for information politely
语言目标:礼貌地询问信息。
1a
Where can you do the following things? Match each thing with a place in the picture. Many different answers are possible.
你能在哪里做这些事?在图片上找到适当的位置。答案可能有几种。
_________ buy shampoo  买洗发香波
________ get some magazines  买杂志
________make a telephone call①  打电话
________ get a dictionary  买词典
________ get some in formation about the town② 打听城镇的有关情况
________ buy some writing paper  买稿纸
________ buy some stamps  买邮票
________save③ money  存钱
要点解疑
①make a telephone call是“打电话”的意思。英语中打电话的说法多种多样:A、用telephone/phone表示,telephone/phone sb.,telephone/phone to sb.;B.用call表示.call sb.,give a call,call to sb.,call sb.up;C.用ring表示,ring up,give a ring,ring sb.up。
随着科学技术的迅猛发展,各种通讯工具的普及,使人们的沟通无限,天涯若比邻,交流轻松方便。在生活节奏加快的今天,telephone的作用越来越大。朋友们,你知道西方人是怎样打电话的吗?
西方人打电话时,形成了一些固定的说法,养成了一定的习惯,在电话铃响了之后,往往拿起听筒先说一句“Hello.”然后告诉对方自己的电话号码,以防别人打错。如果要询问对方是谁时,常用“Who is that speaking? Who is that? May I ask who's calling?”等,但是不能问“Who are you?”。想让某人接电话时,常说“May I speak to……?”。告诉对方自己是谁时,常用“This is……speaking.”。让对方稍等时用Hold on for a moment, please.Just a moment, please./Hold the line,please。询问对方是否需要转达时,常用“May I take a message for you?”。
②get some information about the town是“询问有关城镇的信息”的意思。about与on都可以表示“关于”之意,组成介词短语作后置定语。但在用法上稍有区别。用on时。常表示严肃的或学术性的?是供专门研究用的,在书面语中用的较多;用about时,表示内容较普通,不太正式,口语中用的较多。
例如:I bought a textbook on Chinese history.
昨天我买了一本关于中国历史的教科书。
He gave Li Ming a book about Africa and its people.
他给了李明一本关于非洲和非洲人的书。
②save的主要意思有“救,拯救;储蓄,贮存;节省”.其后可以跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语。其后也可以跟双宾语。
例如:He saved the boy from the fire. 他从火中救出了那个男孩。
The doctor saved his life. 医生救了他的命。
He saved a lot of money. 他存了很多钱。
I'll telephone and that will save me writing a letter.
我会打电话,那样就省得我写信了。
1a题参考答案:
shampoo: a or c      information: d or e
magazines: a or d     writing paper: a or c
dictionary: d         stamps: e
telephone call: a or e   save money: b
1b
Listen and complete the conversations.
听录音,完成对话。
听力原文再现
Conversation 1
Girl 1: Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can buy some stamps?
Boy 1: Yes. There's a post office on Center Street.
Girl 1: Oh. Can you tell me where Center Street is?
Boy 1: Sure. Go past the bank. Center Street is on your right.
Girl 1: Thanks a lot.
Boy 1: No problem.
Conversation 2
Girl 2: Excuse me. Do you know where I can save money?
Boy 2: Sure. There's a bank on Main Street.
Girl 2: Oh. Could you please tell me how to get there?
Boy 2: Yes... Go straight ahead. The bank is on your left.
Girl 2: Thank you.
Boy 2: You're welcome.
lb 题参考答案:
1. buy some stamps  2. post office     3. Center Street
4.save money        5. bank            6. Main Street
1c
Pairwork  结对练习
Make conversations using the information in activity la. Talk about your own city.
用la活动中提供的信息,练习会话,谈一谈你自己所处的城市。
A: Excuse me①. Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary②?
请问,你能告诉我在哪儿能买到词典吗?
B: Sure.There's a bookstore on River Road③.
当然可以。在沿河路有一个书店。
要点解疑
①Excuse me.常译为“劳驾;打扰了;借光;请问”,常用在打扰别人、提出异
议、中途退场、打断别人的谈话等场合;sorry则用于做错了事、忘记做某事等向别
人表示歉意。
例如:Excuse me , may I use your pen?
请问,我可以用用你的钢笔吗?
I'm very sorry.I broke your ruler.
对不起,我把你的尺子弄断了。
②get a dictionary“买本词典”的意思,此处get=buy。get一词主要有“得到;获得;挣到;买到”之意,常跟名词作宾语;如果get之后跟有双宾语时,常译成“弄来;搞来;取来”;如果get之后跟有复合宾语时,宾语的补足语常用名词、代词、动词不定式来充当。
例如:He got a letter yesterday afternoon.昨天下午他收到了一封信。
She got a new coat from the store.她从这家商店里买了一件新外套。
Get me a cup of tea./Get a cup of tea for me. 给我拿杯茶。
I'll get more men to do it! 我要叫更多的人来做这件事。
Be sure and get Mr.Smith to come.一定要请史密斯先生来。
③on River Road“在沿河路”的意思。on用来表示位置时是“在……旁;接近;靠近”的意思。
例如:There is a town on the river.临河有一个城镇。
They planted many trees on the river.他们在河边栽了很多树。
2a
Listen.You will hear some of the directions below.Number the directions in the order that hear them.
听录音,在下面的录音中你将听到一些购物活动,按照你所听到的先后,标出活动的方向。
________Take the elevator① to the second floor.乘坐电梯到二楼。
________Turn left.向左拐。
________Take the escalator② to the second floor.乘扶手电梯到二楼。
________Turn right.向右拐。
________The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore。药店在家具店和书店之间。
________Go past③ the bank.路过银行。
要点解疑
①take the elevator是“乘坐电梯”的意思。take表示“搭,乘(某种交通工具)”,它的同义词是catch。elevator是指垂直上下的,封闭式的电梯,是美国人的说法;同样的电梯在英国叫lift。
例如:Usually, he catches the No.8 bus to work.通常他乘8路车去上班。
He uses a lift to go up and down.=He uses an elevator to go up and down.他乘电梯上下楼。
②escalator“电梯”,指开放式的、有扶手的倾斜上下的电梯。
楼房林立,是现代化城市的象征,但是英国人和美国人住在同一层楼上,却有不同的说法。美国人表达楼层时与中国人的习惯相同,分别是:the first floor, the second floor, the third floor;而英国人表达楼层时与美国人、中国人的表达差一层,分别是:the ground floor, the first floor, the second floor。
例如:Bob and his family lived on the third floor.
=Bob and his family lived on the second floor.
鲍勃和他的家人住在三楼。
③此处past是个副词,与不及物动词go组成“动词+副词”结构,相当于一个及物动词。go past指在某一范围之外的“通过;路过”;go across指从某一范围的“一边到另一边”,强调的是面或线,go through指从某一范围中“穿过;通过”,强调的是空间。
例如:When he went past the store, he saw Jack standing there.
当他路过商店时,他看见杰克站在那儿。
He went across the field.他走过田地。
She goes through the park to work every day.她每天穿过公园去上班。
听力原文再现
Boy 1:Excuse me.Can you tell me where I can buy some shampoo?
Boy 2:Yes.There's a drug store on the second floor.Um.Let me think…… Take the escalator to the second floor and then… then you turn left. Let's see… Then go past the bank.And um… The drug store is between the furniture store and the bookstore.You should be able to get shampoo there.
Boy 1:OK,great.Thanks a lot.
Boy 2:You're welcome.
2a题参考答案:
bank  2  1  bank  4  3
2b
Listen again and show how the boy walks to the drugstore.Draw a line on the picture above.
再听一遍录音,指出那个男孩是怎样走到药店去的,在上面的图片上划出线路图。
A:Excuse me.Do you know where I can exchange① money?
请问,你知道我能在哪儿兑换钱吗?
B:Sure.Where's a bank on the second floor.Take the escalator to the second
当然知道。在二楼有一家银行。                乘扶手电梯到二楼,向右拐。
floor and turn right.The bank is next to② the bookstore.
银行在书店旁边。
要点解疑
①exchange主要意思有“交换;以……换……;兑换”。可用来指“交换礼
品”,“调换座位”,“兑换钱币”等等。但是需要注意:“换车”要用change train。
例如:Can I exchange an apple for two oranges?
我可以用一个苹果换两个橘子吗?
Can I exchange foreign money for Chinese here?
我能在这儿把外币兑换成人民币吗?
You call change the train at the Zhengzhou Railway Station。
你可以在郑州火车站换车。
②next to意思是“在……近旁;在……隔壁”,它所表示的位置是紧挨着的,next与nearest的意思相近。在表示位置时,next, near, by按照由近到远的顺序排列是:next, by, near。
例如:He lives in the room next to ours.他住在我隔壁的房子里。
We live by the sea.我们就住在海边。(可以看见大海)
They live near the sea.他们住在靠近大海的地方。(也许看不见大海)
2b题参考答案:
The line goes from where the boy is standing, over to the escalator, up the escalator to the second floor, to the left and past the bank.The line stops in front of the drug store between the furniture store and the bookstore.
2c
Pairwork  结对练习
Make conversations using the other places in the picture above.
用上面图片中的其他的地方练习会话。
Grammar Focus 语法重点
Do you know where I can buy shampoo?
你知道我能在哪儿买到洗发香波吗?
Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
你能告诉我怎样才能到达邮局吗?
Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?
你能告诉我在哪儿能买到词典吗?
语法贯通
掌握“询问”话技巧
无论我们是在本地的日常工作中,还是外出旅游度假,我们都时常向别人请教或询问,以期得到别人的指点或帮助;也许在大街上、商店里,也许在车站旁、公园中,陌生人向你打听或询问,希望你能指点迷津或慷慨相助。那么,礼貌地询问和准确地回答就显得十分必要。为了能帮你掌握这种技巧,我们来探讨一下相关的句型。
1.当询问“需要、要求、希望”等时,用would like。would是个情态动词,无人称和数的变化;当主语是人称代词时,常缩写为“d”。
例如:What would you like for lunch? I'd like some chicken and a bottle of beer.午饭你想吃什么? 我想吃些鸡肉喝杯啤酒。
What would he like? He'd like a pizza with mushrooms on it.
他想要什么?他想要一个带蘑菇的比萨饼。
2.当询问“种类”时,用what kind of……。
例如:What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
你喜欢看哪种电影?我喜欢看动作片和喜剧。
What kind of pizza would you like? I'd like a tomato and green pepper pizza.你想要哪种比萨饼?我想要一个带西红柿和菜椒的比萨饼。
3.当询问“尺寸”时,用what size…。
例如:What size shoes do you want to buy? 你想要买多大号码的鞋子?
What size pizza would she like? She'd like a small one.
她想要多大的比萨饼?她想要一个小比萨饼。
4.当询问“时间的长短”或“距离”时,用how long。
例如:How long does it take David to do his homework?
大卫做作业用多长时间?
How long does it take you to bring the pizza for me?
你把比萨饼给我送来需要多长时间?
How long is the bridge? It's fifty metres long.
这个桥多长?这个桥五十米长。
5.当询问“乘车路线”或“步行路线”时,用which bus或which is the way to…
例如:Excuse me, which bus can take me to the park? The No.8 Bus.
请问,我坐哪路车可以到公园去? 8路。
Which bus should I take to send the pizza to your house? You can take the No.6 or No.9 Bus.
我坐哪路车把比萨饼送到你的家里?你可以坐6路或9路。
Excuse me, which is the way to the hospital?
请问,哪条路通往医院?
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the book store?
劳驾,你能告诉我去书店的路吗?
6.当询问“住址”时,用where或what's...address?
例如:Where do you live, Mr.Zhang? I can take the pizza to your room.
你住在哪儿,张先生?我可以把比萨饼送到你的房间里。
Where does your aunt live? She lives in Shanghai.
你姑姑住在哪儿?她住在上海。
What's Nancy's address? She is in No.11 Red Star Street.
南希的地址是什么?她住在红星大街11号。
What's your address, Mr.Smith? I am in No.806 Room, Beijing Hotel.史密斯先生,你住在哪儿?我在北京饭店806室。
7.当询问“电话号码”时,用what's your phone number。
例如:What's your phone number, Mr.Li? I'll call you when I get to Nanjing。你的电话号码是多少,李先生?我到南京后给你打电话。
What's your phone number, Li Ming? It's 7332289.
李明,你的电话号码是多少?是7332289。
8.当询问“什么”时,用what。
例如:What's your name, please? 请问,你叫什么名字?
What would he like on his pizza? 他想在比萨饼上放些什么?
9.当询问“价钱”时,用how much。
例如:How much is the backpack? It's five dollars.
这个书包多少钱?五美元。
How much is that pizza? It's ten yuan.那个比萨饼多少钱?十元。
在生活中,我们要接触各种各样的东西,询问各种各样的问题,我们只是探讨了很小的一部分,目的是抛砖引玉,激发你学习的积极性,增强学好英语的信心,提高你的英语水平。你可以准备一些卡片,把我们探讨的几种句型写上,经常复习,然后每学一个新的句型或想起一个句型便写在卡片上,日积月累,你的英语水平会迅速提高,也许你会成为未来的英语专家。
3a
Read the article.Then list the advantages and disadvantages of going to the mall.读读这篇文章,列出逛商场的优点和缺点。
They're all at the mall.
他们都在商场
After school, a lot of① young people go to the mall.We decided② to talk③ to some students
放学后,很多年轻人喜欢到商场去。              我们决定和一些学生谈一谈
about why they go there.
他们为什么到那儿去。
Interviewer:Why do you go to the mall?
你为什么到商场去?
Yu Yue:I go to the mall because my friends hang out there.But I don't really like it.
我到商场去是因为我朋友们在那儿闲逛。          但是我确实不喜欢。
Interviewer:Oh? Why not?
噢,为什么不喜欢那儿?
Yu Yue:The air isn't fresh④.I prefer being out side, Also, it's usually crowded.
那儿的空气不新鲜。我宁愿待在外面。而且,那儿通常很拥挤。
Interviewer:And how about⑤ you?
那么,你怎么样呢?
Li Jun:Oh,I love the mall.There's always something happening⑥.There are a lot of free
噢,我喜欢商场。        那儿总在发生一些事情。    那儿有一些免费
concerts there.It's also just⑦ fun to watch⑧ people⑨.
的音乐会。    在那儿观察人也很有趣。
Hu Peng:I like the mall, too.I like to go in the music store and listen to CDs. I also like to look
我也喜欢商场。         我喜欢到音像店去听音乐。        我也喜欢到书
at books in the bookstore.
店去看书。
Yu Yue:Well, when I go into stores I always spend⑩ too much money!
唉,我进了商店总是花很多钱。
要点解疑
①a lot of是“许多”的意思。英语中表示“许多”的词语很多,用法各不相同,只用于修饰可数名词的“许多”有:many, a great many, a big number of, big numbers of等。
例如:A great many books have been published this year.
今年出版了许多书。
只用于修饰不可数名词的“许多”有:much, a great deal of, a great amount of等。
例如:A great amount of money was spent on the bridge.
修建这座桥花了许多钱。
既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词的“许多”有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。
例如:There are a lot of people at the mall.商场里有许多人。
There is a lot of milk in the glass.杯子里有许多牛奶。
②decide意为“决定;解决;判决;下决心”等,其后常跟动词不定式或that从
句,用来指做出一定的选择,强调经过考虑或商量;而make up one's mind则是指
“打定注意”,与迟疑、动摇、困惑相对。
例如:I decide to hang out with my friends next Sunday.
我决定下星期天和朋友们一起闲逛。
At last he made up his mind to tell the teacher about it.
最后,他下定主意把那件事情告诉老师。
I decided that I would climb the mountain with her.
我决定和她一起去爬山。
③talk基本意思是“谈话”,与某人谈话时,其后可以跟介词to也可以跟介词with。talk to sb.意思是“找某人谈话”,talk前的人含有主动意味,talk后的人含有被动意味,talk with是“与……交谈,与……讨论”的意思。talk前后的人意味是平等的。
例如:I'll talk to John.He always talks in class.
我要找约翰谈谈,他在课堂上总是乱说话。
He liked talking with David.
他喜欢和大卫交谈。
④fresh可用来指蔬菜、花、空气等“新鲜的;清新的”;指油漆、新闻、消息、人、记忆等的“新进的;崭新的”等;指颜色“鲜艳的;有生气的”;指食品、饮用水“未加盐的;淡的”等。
例如:Please give her some fresh flowers.请给她一些鲜花。
The fresh news makes me happy.这个新消息使我高兴。
Fresh water is less and less on the earth.地球上的淡水越来越少。
Victor is afresh man of the college。维克多是学院的一年级的学生。
⑤how about意思是“……怎么样?”,用来征求对方的意见或询问消息,
about之后,可跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式,它的同义词组是what about。
例如:I'd like to go to the mall after school.How about you?
放学后,我想到商场去,你呢?
How about playing basketball on Saturday afternoon?
星期六下午去打篮球怎么样?
⑥something happening意思是“正在发生的一些事情”。something是个不定代词,常用作单数形式。形容词、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式、介词短语、从句修饰不定代词时,要放在它所修饰的不定代词之后。
例如:There's some thing wrong with the recorder.这台录音机出毛病了。
You can't believe any thing she says.她说什么你也别信。
Your house is something like ours.你们的房子有点像我们那幢。
⑦句中just是个副词,放在形容词之前加强语气,常译为“太……,真……”。
例如:The weather is just lovely.天气真是太好了!
The boy is just tall.那个男孩真是太高了!
⑧watch, look, see, notice, observe都有“看”的意思。look“看”,因想看而投注目光,不管结果如何;watch“看;观看”。特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西;see“看见;看到”。强调看的结果,有意或无意的看到,无进行时;notice“看到;注意到,觉察到”;偶尔;看到细小的但可能是重要的事情;observe“观察”,从不同的角度长时间地看并研究。
例如:They looked but they saw nothing.他们看了看,但是什么也没有看到。
The boy watches TV plays every evening.这个男孩每晚都看电视剧。
I didn't notice how she was dressed.我没留心她穿什么衣服。
The policeman observed the man open the window.
那个警察看到那个人打开窗子。
⑨“it is+形容词+动词不定式短语”是英语中的一个常用句式,句中的真正主语是动词不定式,it是形式主语。
例如:It's just interesting to watch the movie.看电影真是太有趣了。
It's good for your health to have a walk very day.
每天散散步,对你的健康有好处。
⑩英语中表示花费时间或金钱可用pay, cost, spend和take。pay后面常跟介词for, pay for sth.意思是“支付……,付款”;cost后面跟时间或金钱时,需要特别注意,在这种句子中人不能作主语,应该用sth.cost sb.money/time“某事/某物花费了某人时间/金钱”;spend之后常跟介词on, spend……on意思是“在……花费……钱”;take作“花费”解时,通常用it takes sb.some time to do sth.,是“干某事花费了某人多少时间”的意思。
例如:He paid 80 yuan for the sweater.
=The sweater cost him 80 yuan.
=He spent 80 yuan on the sweater.
他花80元钱买了这件毛衣。
It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨晚我用了两个小时时间做作业。
3a题参考答案:
Advantages: friends hang out there, always something happening, free concerts, fun to people-watch, I like to go in the music store, listen to CDs, look at books in the bookstore.
Disadvantages:air isn’t fresh,usually crowded,always spend too much money.
3b
Groupwork  小组活动
Talk about these questions:
Where do you usually hang out with friends? At your house? At school? At a mall? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each place?
谈论这些问题:
你通常和朋友们在哪儿闲逛?在家里?在学校?还是在商场?每个地方的优缺点是什么?
A:Where do you usually hang out with your friends?
你经常和你的朋友们在哪儿闲逛?
B:We usually go to my friend, Qiu's place.
我们经常到我的朋友邱住的地方。
A:Is that a good place to hang out? 那是一个闲逛的好地方吗?
B:Well,it has advantages and disadvantages.It's kind of small.But Qiu's mom is a
噢,那个地方有优点也有缺点。           那是一个小地方,但是邱的妈妈是一个很
wonderful cook, so we always have great snacks.
好的厨师,所以我们总是吃到美味的点心。
4
Directions Challenge  方位挑战
With your group, think of three places in your city.Write directions from your school to each place.Then read the directions to your classmates. They guess the places.
与你组的同学一起想出你所在城市的三个地方,写一写从你学校到每个地方的方向。然后,把方向读给同学们听,让他们猜一猜是什么地方。
A: Go out① the front② door and take a right③.Walk about three blocks.Go past the park, andturn left onto④ Oak Street.Then……
从前门出去向右拐,走过三个街区。穿过公园,向左拐进入栎树大街,然后……。
要点解疑
①go out常见的含义有“出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;灯光熄灭;服装不时兴”等。
例如:Mr. Green went out last month.He would spend his vacation in Australia.格林先生上个月出国了,他将在澳大利亚度假。
The electric light went out when I wanted to write a letter last night.
昨晚当我要写信时,电灯灭了。
Your clothes go out of date.你的服装过时了。
②front是个名词,意思是“正面;前面;前部”,反义词是back,在它与in和of组成的复合介词中,有无定冠词the差别很大,in front of是“在……的前面”指在某个范围之外,in the front of是“在……前部”指在某个范围之内。
例如:Please stand in a line in front of the classroom.
请在教室前面站成一行。(教室外面)
Please stand in a line in the front of the classroom.
请在教室前面站成一行。(教室里面)
③take a right=turn right是“向右拐”的意思。
例如:Walk along the street and take a right at the second crossing.
沿着这条街往前走,在第二个十字路口向右拐。
Go down this road and take a left at the turning.
沿着这条街往前走,在拐角处向左拐。
④turn……onto……是“拐到……上去”的意思。
例如:Go along the street and turn right onto Red Star Street, you'll see the bookstore.
沿着这条路往前走,向右拐到红星大街上,你就会看到书店。