企业qq可以监控微信吗:“化零为整”复习主谓一致

“化零为整”复习主谓一致
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/26 17:28  英语辅导报

在语法复习过程中，如果能把各语法知识要点“化零为整”进行概括归纳，不仅能减轻学生的记忆负担，而且能使学生更清晰地把握语法脉络，从而更有效地掌握语法知识点。
笔者发现主谓一致语法板块中细节要点较多，因此就把这些琐碎的要点集中在一起进行分类归纳。最后，把二十多个细节要点分成了七大类。在复习过程中，以七大要点为大线索的同时，顺势引出其中的细枝末节。在以后的巩固记忆中，学生会感到更方便一些，或者说眉目更加清晰。
主谓一致包括意义一致与语法上的一致。要注意以下要点：
一、and 连接并列成分
1. and 连接并列成分表示不同的人或事物作主语的，谓语动词用复数。
2. and 连接并列成分表示同一个人或事物作主语的，谓语动词用单数。
试比较：
Hard work and much play are both necessary for us.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
二、就近原则类
连词or， either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but, there be 等连接两个并列主语时，谓语的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。如：
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
Not he but Jane and Mary have been invited to the party.
三、主语+插入语类
主语后面接以下介词或连词连接的说明主语的修饰词或插入语：with， along(together)with， as well as， like， rather than， but， except， besides， including等。谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍与主语保持一致。如：
The driver, rather than his friends, was responsible for the accident.
四、特殊名词类
1. 集体名词作主语时，表示整个集体的，用单数谓语动词，强调其中成员时，谓语动词应为复数。常见的集体名词有：group, family, team, class, army, government, population, crew, nation等。如：
80% of the population of China are farmers.
The population of China is larger than any other country in Asia.
2. 集合名词作主语时，只能表示复数概念。常见的集合名词有：cattle, police, public, people等。如：
The police are searching for the escaped prisoner.
The public are calling for better housing and working conditions.
3. 只有复数形式的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。常见的有：glasses， scissors， trousers， clothes，goods等。如：
All the goods have been shipped abroad.
The trousers are not fit for me. The pair over there is better.
以-s结尾的名词表示学科名，病名，游戏名，国名，书名等时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The Arabian Nights is well known to the English.
比较： Each means has been tried.
五、抽象概念名词作主语类
1. 主语是不定式、动名词或从句时，谓语动词一般为单数。如：
To catch what he said was not difficult.
When and whether we will go camping hasn't been decided.
试比较：
What we need are more useful materials.
What they need is more time.
2. 主语是定冠词接形容词或分词表示抽象概念的事物时，谓语动词用单数，表示一类人时，用复数。如：the rich, the deaf, the sick, the wounded, the oppressed, the poor, the old, the blind, the dead等。如：
The best is to come.
The rich are not always happy.
3. 表示时间、距离、金钱等度量衡名词作主语时，谓语动词常因把主语视为整体而常用单数。如：
Two thousand dollars is a big sum of money for me.
4. 数学算式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Three times two is six.
Five and five makes ten.
六、不定代词类
1. something， everything， nothing， everybody，little，much 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Little has been done to control pollution.
2. few, many, how many等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
How many work in the company？
3. all， most， the rest， a lot 等作主语时要视情况而定。如：
Most of the country is flooded in the water，and most of the people are suffering.
All are present and all is going on well.
七、限定词类
限定词修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的数通常与被修饰的名词保持一致。
1. 限定词 a lot of， plenty of，...percent of，most of， the rest of， all of，后接可数或不可数名词，谓语动词的数与名词相对应。如：
Two thirds of the books are newly published.
All of the apple has gone bad.
2. 限定词 many a， more than one 后接名词单数时，谓语动词用单数。every， each， no，many a 修饰名词单数，and连接两个并列短语时，谓语动词也用单数。如：
Every boy and every girl wishes to go to attend the party.
3. a number of， the number of 的用法直接影响主谓一致问题。如：
The number of people who go to college keeps climbing these years.
A number of people were injured.
4. a quantity of / a mass of 后接可数名词单复数或不可数名词时，谓语动词一律用单数。quantities of / masses of 后接可数名词单复数或不可数名词时，谓语动词一律用复数。
根据以上归纳的要点，要求学生在记忆时应善于以点带面。当然，在记忆的基础上，更应强调的是对主谓一致的实践运用能力的提高。在一些简单句型中会熟练运用这一知识，在一些较复杂句中同样要注意主谓一致。
1. 在定语从句中要注意主谓一致。如：
All that has been done is of little help to us.
All who are here have not been invited.
2. 在强调句中要注意主谓一致。 如：
It is writing that makes what we read ours.
3. 在倒装句中要注意主谓一致。如：
There，lying on the floor， were some mice rather than his pet cat.