华硕z270-a:大家版一错千金2012年考研英语（一）真题及答案

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作者：大家学习网英语编辑部
www.TopSage.com
2012年1月8日4时41分


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2012年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1. [B] maintain
2. [A] when
3. [B] weakened
4. [D] accepted
5. [C] bound
6. [B] subject
7. [D] applies
8. [B] raise
9. [A] line
10. [B] as
11. [A] so
12. [C] upset
13. [C] cultivate
14. [D] tied
15. [A] concepts
16. [C] shapes
17. [A] dismissed
18. [C] address
19. [D] accountable
20. [D] as a result
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21. [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors.
22. [B] learn from advertisers' experience.
23. [A] adequately probe social and biological factors.
24. [C] occurs without our realizing it.
25. [C] profound.
26. [C] dishonoring.
27. [D] get permission to purchase a power plant.
28. [A] managerial practices.
29. [D] the limits of states' power over nuclear issues.
30. [A] Entergy's business elsewhere might be affected.
31. [A] uncertainty and complexity.
32. [B] shared efforts.
33. [B] has been examined by the scientific community.
34. [D] scientific work calls for a critical mind.
35. [C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.
36. [C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.
37. [D] Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.
38. [B] indirectly augmented.
39. [C] may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.
40. [A] disapproval.
Part B (10 points)
41. C
42. D
43. A
44. F
45. G
Part C (10 points)
46. 在物理界，一种方法论将这归一的冲动发挥到极致，从而寻求放之四海皆准的理论——一个适用于我们所见万物的衍生公式。
47. 在这，达尔文似乎为我们提供了所有人类有着同一起源这一理论的合理性。这样的假设即文化多样性也可以追溯到更狭隘的起源似乎也颇合情合理。
48. 从相同的中过滤掉独特与不同可以使我们了解到文化行为引发的纷繁复杂及从进化和认识的方面来看是什么引导着这一切。
49. 做出此类贡献的第二号人物约数华 格林伯格，对普遍识别特征（尤其是字的顺序）采取实证研究法， 不少被认为是表现出由认知局限而引起偏见的语言都有普遍识别这一特点。
50. 乔姆斯基的语法显示语言变化的模式是独立于家谱或是可追踪的途径。
Section III: Writing (30 points)
Part A (10 points)
51. 参考范文（作者：大家网英语学术总监 钱坤强 教授）
Dear Students:
On behalf of the Students' Union of our university, I would first of all extend our warmest welcome to your prospective visit to our university. Our Students' Union will make full preparations to ensure that you have a wonderful time here.
All the teachers and students at our university are friendly. Therefore, we encourage you to participate in all the activities you find interesting on our campus so that you can fully interact with them to experience our colorful campus life. In addition, there are many facilities you can use, like the gym, the library, and the cinema. We have a weekly event called "English Corner" and we would like to invite you to join us to help us improve our oral English. Finally, some of our volunteers would be happy to show you around the city where you can experience Chinese culture and learn about the life of ordinary Chinese people.
In a word, there will be many exciting things we can do together and we will be looking forward to your arrival on our campus.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B (20 points)
52. 参考范文

It's No Use Crying over the Spilt Milk (范文一)
大家网英语学术总监 钱坤强 教授

An English proverb has it that "it's no use crying over the spilt milk". This picture precisely captures one of such situations—a bottle of milk has been accidentally dropped onto the ground. The reactions of the two individuals in the pictures are totally different. One exclaims "Oh, God, it's all finished!" whereas the other one is more positive and calm, claiming that "there is still some left."
There are rich implications underlying this scene. For the same event, two different individuals make two totally different observations and comments, reflecting two totally different states of mind—one negative and pessimistic, the other positive and optimistic.
For the pessimistic mind, they tend to exaggerate the seriousness of an accident. Instead of taking active and concrete steps to address the problem, they would despair, complain and give up. Finally, they deteriorate into inertia. When they ultimately fail, they would blame the failure on others or external circumstances rather than reflecting on their own foibles of humanity. Those are the people who only look at the dark sides of the matters and few of them would truly succeed.
By contrast, people with a positive and optimistic state of mind would endeavor to turn the negative into the positive, through perseverance, stamina, and indefatigable efforts. Instead of lamenting over mistakes, they will learn their lessons and stand up to challenges with the faith that "Impossible is nothing." With strong willpower, they would persist to the end, convinced that as long as they keep trying, their hard efforts would ultimately pay off. Those are the people who can often succeed where others fail. Obviously, they are the people whom we should try to emulate.

Interpretation Determines Existence (范文二)
大家网英语学术总监 钱坤强 教授

The moment captured by this picture is very dramatic—with a bottle of milk dropped onto the ground and half of the milk spilt, two individuals at the scene produce totally different reactions. One exclaims "Oh, God, it's all finished!" whereas the other one remains calm and positive—that "there is still some left."
This seemingly simple spectacle carries profound philosophical connotations about how we perceive our world. Ours is a complicated world whose bright sides and dark sides coexist. But the demarcation line between the two is not always well-defined. Instead, in many cases, their border line is very subtle. Even with respect to the same situation, as presented by the picture, different people with different states of mind may come up with totally different interpretations. This picture convincingly illustrates a subtle case about how we should perceive our world.
It is often said that "the attitude determines everything." In many cases, the success or failure of our undertakings depends not so much on the physical conditions as on our mental attitude toward our life, our perception of the world, or the so-called worldview. Our confidence in our world as being positive and optimistic will inspire us to make utmost efforts to pursue success whereas our belief in our world as being negative and pessimistic would cast us into despair, resignation and inertia.
The present-day world is full of challenges. In the face of those challenges, some people take a positive and active stance whereas others choose to give up and back away. Success or failure means a world of difference, but first and foremost it depends on what kind of state of mind we develop. The existentialism philosopher Jean Paul Sartre asserts that "existence precedes essence." In the light of his statement, I would claim that interpretation determines existence.
[参考译文]（译者：钱坤强）
英谚云："牛奶既倾，眼泪哭干亦于事无补。"这幅图片所捕捉住的，恰恰就是这样一个场景——一瓶牛奶不小心被打翻在地，图片中两个人的反应大相径庭，一个惊呼："天哪，全完了! "；另一个则甚为淡定，态度来得更为正面，声称："尚余些许。"
这一场景的背后，隐含着丰富深刻的内涵。对于同一事件，二个不同的人所作的观察与评价迥然相异，折射出完全不同的两种心态——一种是负面与悲观的，一种则是正面与乐观的。
于悲观者而言，他们往往会夸大某一意外事件的严重性。他们非但不采取主动和具体的步骤去解决问题，相反，他们会陷入绝望，一味地抱怨，放弃应有的努力。最终，他们陷入一种可怕的惰性和不作为。当他们最终真的失败时，他们会将失败归咎于他人或外部条件，而绝少反思自身的人性弱点。这些人的眼光，仅局限于事物的阴暗面；其中真正能成功者，寡矣！
相反，具备正面与乐观心态者，则会全力以赴地去变不利为有利，借由坚持不懈的努力，坚忍不拔的毅力，以及永不言败的精神。即使犯下错误，他们绝少怨天尤人，而是汲取教训，勇于站起来面对各种挑战，心内怀着坚定的信念——"一切皆有可能。"凭借顽强的意志力，他们会坚持到底，深信只要不屈不挠，所有的辛勤努力终将获得成功的回报。正是这样的人，往往能在他人失败之处获取成功。显而易见，他们才是值得我们效仿的楷模。