豪诺医药物流举报:A glimpse of hippy history美国嬉皮士运动一瞥

20世纪60年代,一群颓废派青年出现在美国,他们被人们称作嬉皮士,这些人对社会现实抱有不满,常服用引起幻觉的麻醉剂,信奉非暴力或神秘主义,实行群居,蓄长发。这些人的出现，对美国的社会文化起到了一定的影响作用。
A glimpse of hippy history
美国嬉皮士运动一瞥
What is the beginning of the hippie movement? How did it start? Where did hippies come from?
嬉皮运动的初期是怎样的？它又是如何开始的？嬉皮士们原来都是些什么样的人?
To answer this question, let's first go back to the 1940's after World War Two. There had been two world wars and a depression in just 30 years. There began an anti-establishment movement. People wanted to break away from values the society placed on them. The poet Allen Ginsberg could possibly be considered the father of this movement. Using written words they began to express their frustration , protesting what they saw wrong with the world. The poetry was not always just read but often performed to music. This is probably the source of the name given them, "The Beats". They were also referred to as "The Beat Generation". By the 50's the movement had spread and grown. Coffee houses began to open，places where they could meet and share thoughts. Even today there are many coffee houses that host poetry readings. Jazz clubs were also a gathering place. From these places emerged the "beatniks", typically dressed in shabby clothes, sporting a beard and wearing sunglasses at all hours. The beatniks refused to conform. The phrase "I'm hip" was used quite often by beatniks. Their talk was said to be hip. Thus the beginning of the hippies.
要回答这些问题，我们先得回到二战后的四十年代。在短短的三十年中，就曾经历了两次世界大战和一次大萧条。由此开始了一场反对当时现状的运动。人们想从被灌输的社会价值观中逃离出来。诗人阿伦.金斯伯格可能应该算作是该场运动之父。人们用书面的语言开始表达他们的沮丧，抗议他们所看到的社会不良现象。人们不常读到这些诗，但它们却常常在音乐的形式中表现。这也许就是他们被称作颓废派的原因。他们还被称为垮掉的一代。到五十年代以前，这场运动已经得到传播和发展。出现了咖啡店这样可以让他们聚会并交流思想的场所。直到今天，仍然有很多的咖啡店提供诗歌阅读的服务。爵士乐俱乐部也是一个聚会的场所。在这些场所出现了“新潮人”，他们典型的打扮是衣衫褴褛，留着不羁的胡须，终日戴着墨镜。这些人拒绝服从。“我是嬉皮”是他们的口头禅。他们的语言被称为嬉皮语，这就是嬉皮士的开始。
It was the hippies that took the movement out of the coffee shops and on to the campuses around the country. Berkley became the centre of the movement. There were protest and demonstrations every day. Angry at the injustices in this country such as racism, poverty and the lack of women's rights, sit-ins were staged.
正是嬉皮士们将这场运动推到了咖啡店外，推到了美国各地的校园中。伯克利成为这场运动的中心。抗议、示威每日不断。一场又一场的静坐表达他们对美国的种族主义、贫穷、以及妇女没有权利等不公现状的不满和愤怒。
Sometimes it was practically taking over campuses. Many were arrested. The movement started small and grew. 有的时候这些活动会在校园进行。许多人被捕入狱。这场运动的开始规模很小，并逐渐发展起来。
There were probably two major factors in the growth of the hippie movement:Vietnam and music. As the war escalated, more and more young people were going to Vietnam. It was a war that was considered unjust within the movement. Peace became a common goal of the hippies.
在嬉皮运动的过程中大概有两个主要的因素：越南和音乐。随着越战的升级，越来越多的年轻人奔赴越南。这场运动对越战的评价是非正义的。和平成为嬉皮士们共同的目标。
Singers like Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Arlo Guthrie brought folk music into the 60's with protest themes against government oppression and war. They had taken the words of the beat generation to a new level. Music festivals like the Newport Folk Festival drew large crowd of like thinkers, where they could not only enjoy the music but share the common goals. These festivals grew in size and number. Many areas banned the festivals because they were afraid of what might happen.
象诺亚.巴兹，鲍勃.迪伦及阿罗.古斯瑞等歌手将六十年代的民间音乐溶入了反政府反战的主题色彩。他们将垮掉一代的语言又发展到了一个新的水平。诸如"新港音乐节"这样的音乐盛会吸引了许多思想相近的人们，在这里他们不仅能够领略音乐的魅力，还能分享共同的目标。盛会的规模和次数都迅速发展。许多地区由于害怕出事而禁止音乐节的举行。
It's true that drugs were a part of the movement. For some reason drugs have been part of music for generations, including the blues and jazz of the 20's and 30s. This just was the first time it spread so far. Much of the drug use, dress and such was just a part of the protest. Some, of course, were in it for the drugs alone. These were the people, that naturally, were most linked with being a hippie.
毒品也是嬉皮运动的一部分，这是事实。由于某种原因，毒品很多年来都曾经是音乐的一部分，包括二三十年代的蓝调音乐和爵士乐。而这个时期是毒品第一次传播到如此大的范围。很多使用毒品，衣着怪异等行为其实只是表示抗议的一种方式。当然也有一部分人纯粹是为了吸毒而已。而这些人常常是人们在谈起嬉皮士时最容易想到的。
Music festivals flourished and the movement grew. Then in August 1969 there was a festival that changed the world. Half a million hippies joined together to make history. Woodstock was probably the high point of the hippie movement. Woodstock proved the doomsayers wrong. For three days, all these crazy hippies lived together in peace and harmony.
音乐节越来越兴旺，嬉皮运动也逐步发展。1969年的八月举行了一个足以改变世界的盛会。 五十万嬉皮士们聚集一堂，盛况空前。伍德斯托克音乐节可能是嬉皮运动的高潮。这个音乐节证实了那些相信宿命和绝望的人们的错误观点。一连三天，所有这些疯狂的嬉皮士们和平共处。
Then what led to the dwindling of the hippie movement? Maybe it was the gains made in civil rights and women's rights. Maybe it was the end of the war in Vietnam. But they made a difference for a while. Then it seems that during the Regan era there was a setback. People started losing the individual rights they gained. It turned from the we generation to the me generation. Whole families wound up living on the streets, homeless. Racism has raised its ugly head again. The Klan has begun to grow and skinhead groups are showing up even in rural communities...
那么这项运动又是如何走向衰败的呢？也许是由于人们获得了民权和妇女权。 也许是因为越战的结束。但是他们确实使历史的一瞬间增添了一些色彩。在此之后的里根执政时期似乎又出现了倒退。人们开始失去原来曾经获得过的个人权利。众志成城的一代变成了以自我为中心的一代。全家人流离失所，借居街头。种族主义又开始抬头。三K党出现，甚至在乡村都能发现恐怖集团组织......
Where have the old hippies gone today? It seems that the movement hasn't died. There are still a lot of old hippies out there and there are also a growing number of new young hippies with the ideals and hopes we had: peace, love and freedom.
原来的嬉皮士们都在何处呢？这场运动似乎并没有消亡。仍然有许多老嬉皮士，同样也有许多新类嬉皮士，他们有着同老嬉皮士相同的理想和希望：和平，友爱和自由。