中财网小米手机怎么来电闪光:新目标九年级英语专项复习教案、学案、讲义及练习题---句子的种类
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新目标九年级英语专项复习教案、学案、讲义及练习题---句子的种类
、简单句
1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
2、简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。
3、陈述句：
用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
▲陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生）/ I have a hammer in my hand.（我手上有把锤子）/ She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理）/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢）
▲陈述句的否定式：
1)谓语动词如果是to be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cousin.（他没有堂兄弟）/ I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了） / We haven’t discussed the question yet（我们还没有讨论那个问题呢）.
2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪）/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见到她）/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)
3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹）
[注意]
①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等；All of them went there.→None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里）
②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如：That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）
4、疑问句：
▲一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
1)一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是to be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）/ Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？）/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？）/ Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？）/ Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）/ Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？）
谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）/ Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？）/ Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）
2)一般疑问句的回答：
一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：
Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）—Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t.（不我们不会。）
Have you got today’s newspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）—Yes, I have .（是的有。）/ —No, I haven’t.（不没有。）
回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。
[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。
3)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如：
Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？）/ Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）/ Haven’t you any brothers?（你没有哥哥吗？）/ Don’t you like the play?（你难道不喜欢这个话剧吗？）/ Can’t we walk a little farther?（我们不能走远些吗？）/ Won’t you sit down?（你不想坐下吗？）/ Hasn’t she heard of the matter?（她没听说过这事儿？）
这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如：
Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？)
—Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)
▲特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。
1)特殊疑问句结构是：
疑问代词
+一般疑问句+？
除who以外的疑问代词短语
疑问副词
如：What do you want?（你要什么？）/ Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？）/ Whose magazine is this?（这是谁的杂志？）/Which class are you in?（你在哪班？）/ When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）/ Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？）/ Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？）
但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？）
有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）
[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。
2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：
疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,
疑问副词： when, where, why, how,
how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。
3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢？)
4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的？)
5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)
▲反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。
陈述句部分
附加问句部分
注 意 点
肯定陈述句
否定的简短一般问句
当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does//did.
否定陈述句
肯定的简短一般问句
如：He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗？) / The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗？) / He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗？) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗？)
2) 反意问句的回答：
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如：The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)
The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t.(是呀,他不去。)
▲选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：
Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！)
5、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。
▲祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！)
▲祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)
[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)
肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)
6、感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”
▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：
What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词,如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！)
▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) / How beautiful! (真美呀！)
▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)
疑问句和否定句
△ 基 本 型
将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句：
1. We do eye exercises every day. We _____ _____ eye exercises every day.
_____ _____ _____ eye exercises every day? 2. Mr. Brown has to go home on foot.
Mr. Brown _____ _____ to go home on foot. _____ Mr. Brown _____ to go home on foot? 3. There is something wrong with the radio. _____ _____ wrong with the radio. _____ _____ _____ wrong with the radio? 4. Li Peng’s already finished his homework. Li Peng _____ finished his homework _____. _____ Li Peng finished his homework _____? 5. Lucy will stay there for some time.
Lucy _____ stay there for _____ time. _____ Lucy stay there for _____ time?
6. Tom always goes to bed at twelve. Tom _____ _____ to bed at twelve.
_____ Tom always _____ to bed at twelve? 7. He was reading when his mother came back home. He _____ reading when his mother _____ back home.
_____ he reading when his mother _____ back home?
8. His younger sister can do some washing, too. His younger sister _____ do _____ washing, _____. _____ his younger sister do _____ washing, too?
9. I’ve ever been to Beijing three times. I _____ _____ been to Beijing three times.
_____ you _____ been to Beijing three times? 10. You’d better help him with his maths. You _____ _____ _____ help with his maths. _____ you _____ help him with his maths?
就下列句子划线部分提问：
11. Li Ming’s brother usually lives in a factory. _____ _____ usually lives in a factory? 12. There are two apples. The red one is bigger. _____ _____ is bigger? 13. They are singing and dancing in the next room. _____ _____ they _____ in the next room? 14. He is going to work with his father after school. _____ _____ is he going to work after school? 15. John prepares his English lessons every evening.
_____ _____ John _____ every evening? 16. The lady in white is our Chinese teacher. _____ _____ is your Chinese teacher? 17. I met Mr. Smith at the park yesterday. _____ and _____ _____ you _____ Mr. Smith? 18. She stopped washing because the telephone rang. _____ _____ she _____ washing? 19. The woman with glasses looks like our headmaster. _____ _____ the woman with glasses _____ like? 20. Ten Americans will visit our school next week. _____ _____ Americans will visit your school next week? 21. There’re ten Americans in our school. _____ _____ Americans _____ _____ in your school?
22. The picture on the wall is beautiful. _____ is the picture on the wall _____?
23. His overcoat is brown. _____ _____ is his overcoat? 24. She is my sister and she is a nurse. _____ is she and _____ is she? 25. The day was fine yesterday.
_____ was the day _____ yesterday? 26. Professor Smith lives in Room 207.
_____ _____ does Professor Smith live in? 27. It took us two hours to get there.
_____ _____ did it _____ you to get there? 28. Miss Mary writes to her parents twice a month. _____ _____ _____ Miss Mary write to her parents?
29. We’ve seen the film for three times. ____ _____ _____ have you seen the film?
30. This new English-Chinese dictionary cost ten dollars. _____ _____ _____ this new English-Chinese dictionary cost? 31. His father went to work on foot yesterday. _____ _____ his father _____ to work? 32. Mr Smith wanted to learn Chinese. _____ did Mr Smith want to _____? 33. The Smiths all enjoy watching TV. _____ _____ the Smiths all enjoy _____ ? 34. Today is Thursday and tomorrow is July 1. _____ _____ is today and _____ the _____ tomorrow?
35. My grandpa usually has rice for lunch. _____ _____ your grandpa usually _____ for lunch? 36. The population of Germany is about eight-one million.
_____ the population of Germany? 37. I’ve given him three piece of paper.
_____ _____ paper has been given to him? 38. The trousers on the chair are mine. _____ _____ are yours? 39. They studied in No. 101 Middle School.
_____ _____ Middle School _____ they study? 40. The story is very good.
_____ do you _____ the story?
完成下列反意疑问句：
41. The little boy hurt his foot, _____ _____? 42. There were only six people present, _____ _____? 43. There goes the bell, _____ _____? 44. You’d better not stand in the way, _____ _____? 45. You’d like to go there, _____ _____?
46. Lucy has to do some washing, _____ _____? 47. The twins had to walk home, _____ _____? 48. Jim needn’t sing this song, _____ _____? 49. You need to wait for her, _____ _____? 50. I think he is wrong, _____ _____? 51. We don’t believe he will come, _____ _____? 52. I think they knew little about it, _____ _____? 53. I’m sure you’ll help us, _____ _____? 54. David says (that) you will come on time, _____ _____? 55. Let’s go to the cinema together, _____ _____? 56. Don’t make any noise, _____ _____? 57. Not only I but also he has been there, _____ _____? 58. Neither you nor she lives there, _____ _____? 59. I wish to see you again, _____ _____? 60. Everyone is having a good time on the farm, _____ _____? 61. Nothing has happened here, _____ _____? 62. What cold weather, _____ _____? 63. What a kind girl, _____ _____? 64. How fast John runs, _____ _____? 65. Most of the books are mine, _____ _____? 66. Most of the food was left, _____ _____? 67. None of us knew what to do, _____ _____? 68. Few people knew this word, _____ _____? 69. Nobody likes that
brown dog, _____ _____? 70. So you aren’t a student, _____ _____? 71. You must study English hard next term, _____ _____? 72. We mustn’t be late, _____ _____? 73. You must be from America, _____ _____? 74. Linda must have seen that play last month, _____ _____? 75. Linda can’t be a doctor, _____ _____? 76. The king was unhappy, _____ _____? 77. It is impossible for me to do it, _____ _____? 78. I must start at once or we can’t get there on time, _____ _____? 79. David is a farmer but his wife isn’t a farmer, _____ _____? 80. The little girl could hardly speak at the age of 3, _____ _____?
△ 提 高 型
1. She is a good student, _____ she? (1999北京)
A. is B. isn’t C. does D. doesn’t
2. -_____ do you go to the park? (1999新疆)
-Once a year.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How many times
3. -_____ books do you have? (1999西安)
-Oh! I can’t remember the number, but a lot of them.
A. What B. Which C. How many D. How much
4. Let’s have a rest, _____? (1999甘肃)
A. won’t you B. will you C. don’t you D. shall you
5. -_____ have you been in this city? (1999昆明)
-For ten years.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. When
6. -_____ did you move to Paris? (1999广西)
-Because my father found work there.
A. Why B. When C. Where D. How
7. She’s been to the new airport, _____ she? (1999上海)
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. doesn’t D. hasn’t
8. He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _____? (1999重庆)
A. doesn’t he B. didn’t he C. did he D. does he
9. The poor man needs our help, _____ he? (1999河北)
A. need B. needn’t C. does D. doesn’t
10. -_____ and _____ are we going to have the meeting? (1999河南)
-At half past eight in our school.
A. What; where B. When; how C. Who; where D. When; where
△ 综 合 型
1. “_____ does it take me from my school to your school?” (1999天津)
“About five minutes.”
A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long
2. “_____ bag is this?” (1999河北)
“It’s mine.”
A. What B. Who C. Who’s D. Whose
3. The Canadian girl knows little Russian, _____ she? (1999江西)
A. doesn’t B. does C. isn’t D. is
4. Today they’re going to have real English food, _____? (1999杭州)
A. isn’t it B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it D. don’t they
5. Alice has to finish her work now, _____ she? (1999河南)
A. has B. hasn’t C. does D. doesn’t
6. Miss Chen caught a bad cold last week, _____ she? (1999宁夏)
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. doesn’t D. hasn’t
7. “_____ did you buy the new bag?” (1999北京)
“Last Monday.”
A. Where B. How C. When D. Who
8. There _____ apples in the basket. (1998南京)
A. aren’t any B. isn’t any C. wasn’t some D. weren’t some
9. I _____ the film last Saturday. (1997广西)
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. hadn’t see D. not saw
10. _____ of us _____ a knife to cut pencils. (1997陕西)
A. All; uses B. No one; use C. None; use D. Some; uses
11. He’s given an important report on the work of the govemment, _____?
A. isn’t he B. is he C. hasn’t he D. has he (2000上海)
12. I don’t think he will come here on time, _____? (2000重庆)
A. won’t he B. will he C. does he D. is he
13. –The boy hardly watch TV in the evening, _____ he? (2000甘肃)
-_____.
A. isn’t; No, he isn’t B. is; No, he doesn’t
C. doesn’t; Yes, he does D. does; Yes, he does
14. -_____ do you water the flowers? (2000山西)
-Twice a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How much D. How often
15. –She didn’t come to school yesterday, did he? (2000北京海淀区)
-_____, though she was not feeling very well.
A. No; she didn’t B. Yes, she didn’t C. No, she did D. Yes, she did
感叹句与祈使句
△ 基 本 型
将下列句子变成感叹句：
1. It is quite a nice present. →_____ _____ nice present!
2. We have fine weather today. →_____ _____ weather we have today!
3. It’s sunny today. →_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. The children are working hard. →_____ _____ the children are working!
5. She played basketball wonderfully. →_____ _____ she played basketball!
6. He is good at singing. →_____ _____ he sings!
7. He was doing well in dancing. →_____ a _____ dancer he was!
8. Tom coughs badly. →_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!
9. The fish is very lovely. →_____ _____ the fish is!
10. They live a happy life today. →_____ _____ _____ life they live!
将下列句子变成祈使句：
11. Would you like to wait a moment? →_____ _____ a moment.
12. Can I use your bike? →Please _____ _____ your bike.
13. You’d better not smoke here. →_____ _____ here.
14. You must be careful with your handwriting.
→_____ _____ with your handwriting.
15. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____.
△ 提 高 型
1. ____ a nice watch it is! (1998山东)
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are! (1998浙江)
A. What B. What a C. How D. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is! (1998湖北)
A. What B. What an C. How
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk. (1999江西)
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
5. ____ hard work it is! (1999浙江)
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西)
A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
8. ____ expensive trousers! (1999浙江)
A. What B. What a C. How D. What an
9. Please ____, they’re having a meeting. (1998黑龙江)
A. not be so noisy B. Be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking
10. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there. (1998河北)
A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget
△ 综 合 型
1. ____ girl she is! (1998河北)
A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright
2. ____ weather we have today! (1983上海)
A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine
3. ____ careless he is! (1986吉林)
A. What B. How C. So much D. How much
4. ____ from Beijing to London! (1993黑龙江)
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
5. Oh, John, ____ you gave us! (1990内蒙古)
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
6. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____? (1990北京西城区)
A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we
7. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____? (1999天津)
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you
(1994北京海淀区)
8. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-I ____.
A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. haven’t
9. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room. (1993大连)
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
10. Lucy, ____ the door or someone’ll come in. (1996河南)
A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing
11. ____ and play football in the street after lunch. (1995哈尔滨)
A. Let’s not to go B. Let’s not go
C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go
12. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus. (1991安徽)
A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking
13. ____ useful work they have done! (2000上海)
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
14. ____ nice picture you gave me! (2000杭州)
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
15. ____ Chinese in you English class. (2000西安)
A. Not speak B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking