知乎书店app:新目标九年级英语专项复习教案、学案、讲义及练习题---动词时态（一）

(1)    一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
①　一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等),     once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)
②　表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)
④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
(2)     一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常
发生。
①　表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)
②　表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)
③　表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
④　讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
(3)    一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
②　用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”
用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③　“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④　表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
⑤　现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥　shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)
⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
①  现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
②  现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
③  表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④  表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
(5)过去进行时  过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
①  过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
②  过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
③  用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)
④  也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
(6)现在完成时  现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：
瞬间性动词的完成时
→
延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have
(already)
gone to…
have
been in / at …
for (two years)
has
come to…
has
been here
since (1990)
(had)
left…
(had)
been away from…
arrived…
been in…
died
been dead
begun
been on
ended
been over
bought...
had…
borrowed…
kept…
joined…
been in …
或者使用下面这个句型：
It  is / has been  + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
(7) 过去完成时  过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。
②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)
③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)
(8) 过去将来时  过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。
②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).
③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)
④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)
⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)
(9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)
△        基　本　型
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1. A cow _______ (eat) grass but gives milk.                       (1999云南)
2. The room is dirty. I _______ (clean) it in a minute.
3. Mary _______ (sing) three songs already. Let her have a rest.        (1999上海)
4. It is late at night. Dad _______ still _______ (work) at the desk.
5. Tell Robert to turn off the lights before he _______ (go) out.         (1999山西)
6. He put on his clothes and _______ (hurry) to school without breakfast.
7. He _______ (fall) and _______ (hit) his leg on a table that day.      (1999内蒙古)
8. She _____ _____ (be) there twice already.
9. What time ______ Jim ______ (get) up every day.                 (1999南京)
10. Look! Tom ________ (mend) the car over there.
1.    You ______ ______ (not sweep) the floor yesterday.
2.    ________ (hold) on a minute, please! I _______ (look) for a piece of paper now.
(1999荷泽)
3.    If you _______ (speak) too loudly in public places, other people ________ (not be) pleased.
4.    (1999四川)
“The light in the classroom _______ (be) on.”
“Oh, sorry, I forgot ________ (turn) it off.”
5.    “Hoe about all of us _______ (take) a short rest?”
“Sorry, I feel like _______ (watch) TV after supper.”
6.    ________ (not worry). He’ll come back soon.                   (1999昆明)
7.    ________ February usually ________ (have) 28 days?
8.    (1999西安)
“I’ve _______ (have) another letter from him,” Mr. White said.
“His leg’s ________ (get) worse. That’s too bad.”
9.    ______ you ________ (wait) for a bus now?                     (1999宁夏)
10.We ________ (not go) climbing the hills if it rains tomorrow.
△        提　高　型
1. “I’ve finished my homework.” “When ____ you _____ it?”          (1999天津)
A. have; finished   B. do; finish       C. did; finish     D. will; finish
2. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still _____ to go there.  (1998河北)
A. went to; wanted  B. goes to; wants   C. has gone to; wants D. has been to; wants
3. They usually _____ TV in the evening.                         (1999北京)
A. watch          B. will watch      C. are watching     D. watches
4. The child _____ crying when he saw his mother.  　　　　　　　  (1999吉林)
A. stop            B. stops          C. stopped         D. stopping
5. What were the twins talking about when you _____ them?          (1999杭州)
A. had seen        B. were seeing     C. saw          D. see
6. Please buy some stamps for me if you _____ the post office.
A. pass            B. will pass       C. have passed      D. passed
(1999福州)
7. –Where is Jim?
-He ____ to the library.
A. went           B. has been       C. goes          D. has gone
8. Kate ____ to bed until her father returned yesterday evening.
A. won’t go       B. doesn’t go       C. went          D. didn’t go
9. “Have you ever been to Shanghai?” “Yes, I ____ there last year.”    (1999济南)
A. went          B. go             C. were           D. gone
10. The two old men ____ each other since 1970.                   (1999河南)
A. didn’t seen     B. don’t see        C. haven’t seen      D. won’t see
11. She says that she ____ to Beijing next week.                    (1999武汉)
A. has gone               B. will go                   C. goes
12. I’ll go for a walk with you if it _____ tomorrow.                  (1999广东)
A. won’t rain              C. doesn’t rain               C. will rain
13. I ____ her to bring my book to school yesterday.                 (1999天津)
A. told          B. tell            C. am telling         D. have told
1.    Be quite. The child ____.                                   (1998广东)
A. sleeps                 B. slept                    C. is sleeping
2.    I don’t know if he ____ tomorrow. If he _____, I’ll meet him.      (1998辽宁)
A. will come; comes B. comes; comes  C. will come; will come  D. comes; will come
3.    I ____ an old friend of mine when I ____ in the street yesterday afternoon.
(1998陕西)
A. met; was walking                B. was meeting; walked
C. was meeting; was walking         D. met; walked
4.    (1998新疆)
–Is Mr. Wang at home?
-No, he isn’t. he ____to Nanjing.
A. went         B. goes           C. going           D. has gone
5.    (1998河南)
–Have you mended the motorbike, Tom?
-Yes, I ____ it ten minutes ago.
A. have         B. had           C. mended          D. have mended
6.    If it is fine, the sports meeting ____ two days.                  (1998天津)
A. lasts         B. will last        C. lasted           D. last
7.    Our geography teacher told us that the earth ____ around the sun.  (1998辽宁)
A. goes         B. go            C. went            D. going
△        综　合　型
1. By the end of last term, we ____ 1000 English words.              (1996河南)
A. have learned    B. has learnt       C. had learned       D. learned
2. The Reads ____ lunch when I got to their house.                  (1997南京)
A. were having    B. was having      C. are having        D. is having
3. His family ____ TV from 10 to 12 last night.
A. watched       B. were watching    C. had watched      D. was watching
4. “Have you ever ____ to the USA?” “Yes, I ____ there last summer.”
A. gone; went     B. gone; have been   C. been; went       D. been; have
5. He ____ his homework and now is listening to music.
A. finished       B. finishes          C. has finished      D. finish
6. We’ve waited for you 2 hours. Where _____, Jim?
A. are you        B. have you been    C. are you from     D. have you gone
7. He’s out. He ____ to the library.
A. went         B. has gone          C. has been        D. had gone
8. “How long have you ____ there?” “About six years.”
A. come         B. gone            C. left             D. worked
9. Our workshop ____ since two years ago.
A. was opened    B. opened          C. has been open     D. has opened
10. My grandpa _____ for half a year.
A. has been dead  B. died            C. has died          D. was dead
9.    “When ____ the Greens ____ back to China?” “Next month”.
A. did; come     B. are; come        C. will; come        D. have; come
10.Stay inside, please. It ____ hard right now.
A. is raining     B. has rained        C. rains            D. was raining
11.Our knowledge of the universe _____ all the time.
A. grow        B. is growing        C. grows           D. grew
12.Look! Lily with her sisters _____ a kite on the playground.
A. is flying      B. flying           C. are flying        D. fly
13.It’s five years since I ____ you last time.
A. met         B. meet            C. have met         D. had met
14.I thought the news ____ important for us all.
A. is           B. was            C. were            D. will be
15.The woman fell off the bike and _____ on the road.
A. lied         B. lie             C. lay              D. lying
16.Granny Wang told the children that the sun _____ from the east.
A. has risen      B. rose           C. rises            D. raise
17.Go to help her if she _____ in trouble.
A. is going       B. will be        C. comes           D. is
18.Do you know which picture _____ best?
A. does she like   B. she likes       C. did she like      D. she is liking
19.The Whites _____ many places of interest since they came to China.
(2000北京海淀区)
A. have visited             B. will visit
C. visited                 D. visit
20.I don’t know if she ____ me when she ____.            (2000黑龙江)
A. tells; arrives  B. tells; will arrive  C. will tell; will arrive  D. will tell; arrives
21.Never trouble me while I ____ in my room!             (2000河北)
A. will sleep    B. asleep         C. am sleeping       D. slept
22.If you ____ lunch at school today, so will I.             (2000湖北黄冈)
A. have        B. have had      C. will have         D. had
23. (2000安徽)
–You’re smoking a lot.
-Only at home. No one ____ me but you.
24.Lucy is studying in Beijing. She ____ London for one year.     (2003汕头)
A. has left     B. gas left for      C. has been away from   D. has been away
25.They never knew what _____ to the world in a hundred years.   (2003汕头)
A. happened   B. would happen   C. had happened        D. would be happened