成年后不喜欢读书 知乎:新目标九年级英语专项复习教案、学案、讲义及练习题---动词语态

被动语态：
(1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是   动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表：
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一 般 将 来 时
现在完成时
谓语动词构    成
am
is    +p.p.
are
am
is    +being+p.p.
are
will + be+p.p.
am
is    +going to+ be + p.p.
are
have(has) +been+p.p.
过去时态
一般过去时
过 去 进 行 时
过 去 将 来 时
过去完成时
谓语动词构    成
was    +p.p.
were
was
+being+p.p.
were
would +be+p.p.
was     +going to+be+p.p.
were
had +been+p.p.
[注] p.p.表示过去分词。
(1) 被动语态的用法：
① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)
②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)
③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)
(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态：
主动句：   主语(人/物)  +  谓语(及物动词) +  宾语(人/物)  +  其他  + 状语
(动作的执行者)  (各种时态形式)    (动作的承受者)
被动句： 主语(人/物)  +  谓语(及物动词) +  by   +人 / 物    + 其他  + 状语
(动作的承受者)  (be +过去分词)       (动作的执行者)
(3) 注意点：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)
也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)/His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
△        基　本　型
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. A lot of water _________ (waste) every year. It’s a serious problem.
2. Now many kinds of work __________ (can do) by robots.          (1999上海)
3. English __________ (speak) as a second language in some countries. (1999山西)
4. Fish may _____ ____ (catch) in the river.                   (1999呼和浩特)
5. A new bridge _________ (build) over the river last year.           (1999福州)
6. “I’m afraid it _______ (need) mending”, Mrs. White turned off the TV. (1999西安)
7. Vegetables, eggs and fish _________ (sell) in that shop.
8. The children ______ often ______ (tell) to be careful with fire.
9. The accident _________ (happen) just now.
10. Now he ______ (be) asked if the meeting _______ (hold) next Friday.
将下列句子改为被动语态
11. You must send your sister to hospital at once.               (1999山东荷泽)
She must _____ _____ to hospital at once.
12. The foreigners can’t understand this word.                      (1999广东)
This word can’t _____ _____ by the foreigners.
13. Many people speak French in China.                          (1999广西)
French _____ _____ by many people in China.
14. Mike drew a picture on the blackboard.                        (1999四川)
A picture _____ _____ on the blackboard by Mike.
15. Someone took away the boxes yesterday.                   (1999甘肃)
The boxes _____ _____ away by someone yesterday.
16. He doesn’t clean the meeting-room every day.               (1999兰州)
The meeting-room _____ _____ every day.
17. You can look up the word in the dictionary.
The word can _____ _____ _____ in the dictionary.
1.    I’ll buy my daughter a new watch.
A new watch will _____ _____ _____ my daughter.
2.    The boss made the workers work all day.]
The workers _____ _____ _____ work all day (by the boss).
3.    We saw some boys playing football behind the house.
Some boys _____ _____ _____ football behind the house.
△        提　高　型
1. The river smells terrible. People must _____ dirty things into it. (1999南京)
A. be stopped to throw                 B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw                      D. stop from throwing
2. Many kinds of new bicycles _____ in Number One Machine Factory now.
A. are making  B. are made    C. have made     D. will make
3. Paper _____ first invented in China.                      (1999昆明)
A. is          B. are         C. was          D. were
4. –Do you like the flower?
-Yes, it _____ sweet.                                 (1999内蒙古)
A. is smelling   B. smelt       C. is smelt       D. smells
5. His schoolbag _____ away by a woman ten minutes ago.     (1998河北)
A. took        B. had taken    C. was taken     D. were taken
6. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _____ thick snow.　　(1998武汉)
A. was covered with  B. was filled with  C. was made of  D. was getting on with
7. The light in the room _____ before you leave.　　　　　　　(1998广州)
A. must turn off  B. will turn off   C. are turned   D. must be turned off
8. Chinese _____ by Miss Wang three years ago.　　　　　　　(1998吉林)
A. was taught    B. is taught      C. was teached  D. were taught
9. Young trees _____ quite often.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(1998武汉)
A. should water       B. should be water            C. should be watered
10. _____ the kind of question often _____ in your class, Ann?　(1997山东)
A. Does; ask   B. Is; asked       C. Has; asked     D. Will; ask
10.The bridge over the river _____ three years ago.　　　　　　(1997江西)
A. is finished   B. finished       C. was finished    D. has finished
11.The bridge _____ in three weeks.　　　　　　　　　　　　(1996深圳)
A. will build             B. is built         C. will be built
12.The League _____ in May, 1922.　　　　　　　　　　　　(1997安徽)
A. found       B. was found       C. founded     D. was founded
13.The old men and the children must _____ in our country.　　　(1996四川)
A. take good care                 B. be taken good care
C. take care of                   D. be taken good care of
14.The radio can _____ in two days.　　　　　　　　　　　　(1997湖南)
A. mend       B. be mend        C. be mended   D. mended
15.Alice is ill. She _____ to hospital at once.　　　　　　　　　(1997四川)
A. is sent      B. must be sent     C. can send     D. must send
16.The flowers _____ every day, or they’ll die.　　　　　　　　(1997湖北)
A. must water  B. should water   C. can be watered  D. must be watered
17.Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard.
A. learn      B. to learn        C. learned        D. learning
18.In some part of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving   B. is served      C. serves       D. served
19.–Have you moved into the new house?
-No, not yet. The rooms _____.
A. are being painted  B. are painting  C. are painted  D. are being painting
△        综　合　型
1. The girl was unhappy because she _____ by some boys in the class.
A. is laughed   B. was laughed   C. laughed at   D. was laughed at
2. We _____ that the English test _____ next Monday.
A. are told; gives               B. tell; will give
C. are told; will be given         D. told; is going to be given
3. Great changes _____ place in  China since 1978.
A. have been taken  B. have taken  C. has been taken  D. took
4. _____ the red pencil-box _____ by your father last week?
A. Has; bought  B. Was; bought  C. Does; buy  D. Did; buy
5. Look! A big modern building _____ in our city.
A. is built   B. was being build  C. is being built  D. has built
6. Mary _____ many songs at a party.
A. heard sing  B. heard to sing  C. was heard sing  D. was heard to sing
7. _____ trees usually _____ in April?
A. Have; planted  B. Are; planted  C. Do; plant  D. Were; planted
8. When _____ the Party _____?
A. is being   B. was being     C.  has been     D. should be
9. The window of this room _____ once a week.
A. has been cleaned  B. is cleaned  C. are cleaned  D. are cleaning
10. When _____ the Party _____?
A. was; founded     B. was found     C. is; found    D. has; been founded
11. In 1620, about half the USA _____ forests.
A. was covered    B. was covered by   C. were filled with  D. covered with
12. The young tree _____ the stick.
A. should be tied to  B. must be tied by  C. should tie to  D. can be tied with
13. A present _____ me by my friend on my birthday.
A. is giving   B. was given to  C. is given for    D. will give to
14. Will the job _____ in ten minutes?
A. finish     B. be finish      C. be finished     D. finished
15.By _____ was the book _____?
A. who; wrote  B. whom; write   C. whose; writing  D. whom; written
2.    The big tree _____ by my brother ten years ago.　　　　　　(2000甘肃)
A. was planted  B. planted      C. has planted    D. was planting
3.    This work _____ next Monday.　　　　　　　　　　　　　(2000广西)
A. may finish   B. finish       C. finishes       D. may be finished
4.    Many more houses _____ for teachers since last year.　　　　(2000广州)
A. are building  B. built        C. have built     D. have been built
5.    When _____ the accident _____?　　　　　　　　　　　　(2000辽宁)
A. was; happened  B. has; happened  C. did; happen  D. was; happening
6.    That white building _____ two years ago, but it looks quite old now.
A. built        B. was built    C. is built       D. builds　　(2000河北)
7.    Who will you ask for help if you _____?                  (2003汕头)
A. robbed      B. are robbed   C. will be robbed  D. will be stolen