中财网蒙面歌王2017百度云:九年级英语重点知识复习（Unit 1-12）
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九年级英语上期期末复习（Unit1-12）
Unit 1
一、He studiesby asking the teacher for help
by 以…方式，靠 + n/ doing I went to school by bus/train /subway / bike / plane /boat….
二、the best wayto do sth做某事的最好方法
三、Joining theEnglish club was the best way to improve our English.
动名词作主语 + V三单
四、have trouble/ problem / difficult / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困难
五、laugh at sb.嘲笑某人
六、last (持续) + 一段时间 The rain lasted for 6 hours yesterday.
七、regard …..as…… = consider….as…..= treat …… as…….把…..当成……
八、complain tosb about doing sth抱怨某人做某事
九、except / besides
except 除…以外…. All the students went to the zoo except me
besides 除….以外 （包括在内） I have few friends besides you.
十、as soon as….一….就…… （条件状语从句， 主将从现） I’ll call you assoon as I get there.
十一、 if 引导宾语从句时 “是否” if引导条件状语从句 “假如，如果”，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
Idon’t know if it will rain , if it rains, I won’t go out.
宾从 条从
Unit 2
一、1）used to do sth 过去常常做某事 He used to do homeworkuntil 10 pm.
2）be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 I’m used to getting up early. She is used to living alone.
3）be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用于做某事 Knifeis used to cut things = Knife is used for cutting things.
二、afford 买得起，负担得起（…的费用） I can’t afford a newcar. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事
三、get introuble with 与….发生纠纷 be patient with sb of sth 在某事上对某人很耐心
四、 be proudof = take pride in + n / doing 对…..感到骄傲
五、It ‘s time(for sb) to do sth / It’s time for sth 是（某人）该做某事的时候了
Unit 3
一、be allowedto do sth 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow to do sth 允许做某事
二、(1) insteadof + n /pre / ving
She prefers milk instead of (=rather than)coffee. We’d like to go sightseeing instead ofstaying at home.
(2) instead 相反的、代替。常放句末。 I don’t like swimming , I like playing games instead.
三、So do we 我也是
So +助、be、情态动词+主语 “某人也一样” I have to do my homework. So does he .
Nor /neither助、be、情态动词+主语 “某人也不” Mary didn’t go to the party lastnight . Neither /nor did I .
四、I’m notallowed to get my ears pierced.
Get sth done / have sth done 这事儿不是主语做的，而是找别人做的。
My bike broke down, I’ll have it repaired. 我的自行车坏了，我得找人修理。
五、be strictwith sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 在某方面很严格
六、becomfortable to do sth做某事很方便
七、be good for 对…..有好处。 Vegetable and fruit are good for your health.
be good at = do well in + n / pre /doing 擅长…. He is good at swimming
be good to = be friendly to 对…..很友善。
八、have anopportunity to do sth 有机会做某事。
九、语法：不定代词
(1) some / any 均为“一些”，+可、不可数名词； some一般用于肯定， any多用于否定或疑问句。 但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some. ---Would you like some coffee? ---Yes, please. / No, thanks
(2)many / much
many +可数名词 much +不可数名词 都可与so, too, as, how 搭配。
(1) either /neither
either指两者其一 neither 指两者都不
either…..or….. 不是…就是…. neither…..nor…..既不…也不……
十、other , theother , others , the others , another
1) other 别的、其他的
2) theother 两者中另一个 one …….., the other……..一个…另一个……
3) others 泛指别的人或物 =other+ 复数名词 some ……, others…..一些…..另一些…..
4) theothers 特指其余剩下的人或物 some….., the others……一些…..，其余的……
5) another 任何一个， 另一个。（指三者以上中的任何一个）
十一、get in theway of …….妨碍…..
十二、On….team . 在…队里 He is on the school soccer team.
十三、happen 出乎意料的发生 take place 有计划的发生 两者都没有被动语态 this accident has taken place for 5 years.
十四、be seriousabout + n/ pre / doing 对….很认真
十五、succeed(in) doing sth 成功地做某事 success n. successful adj
Unit 4
一、数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion 几百/千/百万/十亿
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of 成百的/千的/百万的/十亿的
二、辨析 bring /take / fetch / carry
三、If I wereyou, I’d wear a shirt andtie. IfI had a million dollars, I’d buy a big house.
If 的用法：
1） 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，表示一种假设，需用虚拟语气，对现在情况的假设，条件从句中用一般过去时（be 动词勇were）,主句用 would/should/could + V原
If they were here, they would help you.
2） 如果假设情况可能发生，句子用陈述语气，条件从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。
If he comes, I’ll bring him apresent. If it rains tomorrow,we won’t have a picnic.
四、invite sb tosomewhere. invitesb to do sth
五、辨析 borrow /lend / keep
borrow …from…. （主语）借进 I borrowedbooks from school library.
lend…..to ….. （主语）借出 Could you lend your dictionary to me?
keep 借并保存一段时间（常用于完成时for, since与搭配，代替borrow ）
I’ve kept this story book for a month, and I didn’t return it .
六、许多。
(2) a lot of , lotsof , some , plenty of 既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数名词。
(2) a number of + 可数名词复数+V复 “大量的” A number of trees are cut down.
(3) the number of +可数名词复数+V三单 “..的数量” The number of students in our class is 52.
(4) amount of , much , a little , little ,a bit of , a deal of + 不可数名词 + V三单
(5) many , a few , few + 可数名词复数+V复
七、(rather)than其后动词的形式，与前面动词的形式保持一致。
I like singing than dancing.
宁愿做…而不愿做…..
1）would rather do sth than do sth. 2）would like to do sth, than dosth 3）prefer to do sth rather than do sth 4）prefer doing to doing
八、害怕做某事
be afraid of doing sth = be terrified ofdoing sth = be scared of doing sth beafraid to do sth
九、win 赢得比赛、演讲、地位、荣誉 beat 击败某人、某队
十、辨别
noise噪音 Don’t make any noise ! voice人的嗓音 Hehas a good voice. sound 泛指各种声音 The sound of car is too loud.
十一、taste v.品尝，尝起来 n.味道，品味 系动词 taste ,smell , look , sound , feel + adj
十二、语法。
Give sb sth= give sth to sb
这种结构的动词还有：（加to的） give, show, send, bring, pass,lend, tell
（加for的）make, buy, do, have, cook, find,sing
Eg: I boughta gift for her. = I bought her agift She lent me a book =She lent a book to me.
Unit 5
一、--Whose bookis this? --It must /might / can’t /could be sb’s
belong to sb.
二、It’s +adj +that …. It’s necessary /clear/important ……that….
It’s+adj+ to do sth it’simportant/ necessary to work hard.
find/ think + it +adj + to dosth. I found it difficult to remember English words.
三、对…感到担心。be anxious/worriedabout… worry about
渴望做某事 be anxious to do sth
四、He could berunning for exercise.
情态动词+be +doingsth （表示猜测可能正在做某事）
五、sth happento sb 某人碰巧遇到某事 When he walked across the road, the car accident happened to him.
六、太…. much too + adj
太多….too much +不可数n too many + 可数n
Unit 6
一、prefer sthto sth I prefer fish to meat.
prefer to do sth , rather than do sth. =would rather do sth than dosth They prefer to stayat home rather than go out.
prefer doing to doing Jimprefers reading to playing games.
二、play +运动、棋类、消遣 playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chess
play+ the +乐器 play the guitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums
三、go+运动ing : go shopping/ fishing /sightseeing/ cooking
四、aloud loud loudly
aloud 指读书 readaloud. loud, loudly可互换，但loud可作adj, loudly却不能。
五、使….想起…. 提醒（某人）
remind sb
remind sb ofsth The photos reminded me of my schooldays.
remind sb to do sth Can you remind me to wake him up at 6:25.
六、though /although 和 but 不能连用
My grandfather is 100 years old , but he isvery health.= Though my grandfather is 100 years old, he is very health.
because 和so 也不能连用
七、famous =well-known
be famous for Martin is famous for writing story.
be famous as She is famous as a scientist.
be famous to The Great Wall is famous to the world.
八、a few+可数名词 （表肯定）一些 a little+不可数名词 （表肯定）一些
few （表否定） 几乎没有 little （表否定） 几乎没有
九、because + 句子 because of + 名词、代词、动名词短语
He stopped playing soccer because he had aheadache. He stopped playing soccer because of hisheadache.
十、expect to dosth. = hope to do sth. = wish to do sth.
十一、have agreat time = have fun = enjoy oneself.
Unit 7
一、辨析relaxed /relaxing tired /tiring fascinated / fascinating
excited /exciting frustrated /frustrating disappointed /disappointing
surprised /surprising amazed / amazing interested /interesting
（加ed的修饰人“感到。。。的”；加ing的修饰物“令人。。。的”）
eg: She was surprised to read thissurprising news.
相关短语：be excitedat be disappointed at be surprised at/ to do sth
be interested in = taka an interest in + n/ Ving
二、旅行。trek 徒步跋涉 trek trough the jungle/forest/mountain
travel 泛指旅行 travel around the world.
trip 短途旅行 have a trip. Trip to
三、想要、愿意做某事would like to do sth. = want to do sth.
---Where would you liketo go ? ---I’d like to visit somewherewarm.
四、辨析cross through over past
(1) cross 从表面上通过 walk cross thestreet/ bridge/ river….
(2) through 从空间通过 go through theforest/ jungle/ crowed…
(3) over 从上方跨过 jump overthe wall
(4) past 从旁边经过 He walkedpast the window when we were having class.
五、hope / wish
(1) hope to dosth. hope + 从句
(2) wish to dosth. wish sb. to dosth. wish + 从句
六、I’d like togo somewhere relaxing.
adj. 放不定代词后修饰不定代词。
七、Why not + V原…..? = Why don’t you + V原….?
Let’s + V原
八、consider考虑、认为
consider doing sth / +how(what) +to do sth/ +名词、从句
eg: We’re considering visiting
He has neverconsidered how to solve the problem.
All of youshould consider the feeling of the people.
Do youconsider（认为） that wecan finish the project on time?
九、one of + adj最高级+复数名词+ V三单 One of the highest sights in Paris is Eiffel Tower.
十、辨析 include /including
Our school includes two parts: Primary andMiddle School.
I like all sports including playing soccer.
十一、travelingaround Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.
travelingaround Paris by taxi 动名词做主语+ V三单
one of thecheapest ways to visit
动名词作表语从句的主语
十二、辨析cost spend pay take
Sth.costs(cost)…… The TV cost me 500 dollars
Sb. spend(spent) ….. on sth. /doing sth. I spent 500 dollars on the TV.
I spent 500 dollars buying the TV.
Sb pay(paid) ….For… I paid 500 dollars for the TV.
It takes(took) sb. ….. to do sth. It took me 500 dollars to buy the TV.
十三、unless = ifnot
条件状语从句，由if, unless 引导。 （主将从现， 主过从过）
If itdoesn’t rain, we’ll go fishing. Unless you see a doctor, youshouldn’t take the medicine.
十四、提供。
(1)provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. forsb.
He tried to find a job to provide hisfamily with food. He tried to find a job to provide food for hisfamily.
(2) offer sb. sth = offer sth to sb. She offered money to the poor children.
offer to do sth. 自愿做某事
十五、mind,finish, keep, be busy, feel like, practice, have fun, enjoy,
have trouble/problem/difficult/ a hardtime, permit, spend, be worth, keep on, keep,
be used to, continue, give up, put off, endup, pay attention to, look forward to,
consider, suggest, can’t help, miss + doingsth
feel, hear, see, find, watch, notice sb dosth （做过）
doing sth （正在做）
十六、辨析 stop todo / stopdoing remember to do / remember doing
forget to do / forget doing tryto do / try doing
go on to do / go on doing allow to do / allow doing
十七、在介词后（in,at, after, on, to, for, of, by, against, with, without, after, before, ）如果要用动词，只能用 ving I study for a test by working with groups.
十八、enough的用法
adj / adv +enough 足够。。。样 enough + n 足够的。。。
十九、语法：主谓一致。
1.当and或both …and… 连接两个或三个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。 Both you and I are goodfriends.
2.不定代词作主语+V三单(either, neither, each, the other,another, any/every/no/some引导的不定代词) Everyone is going to beach tomorrow.
3.由each, every引导的作主语，指同一个人时，+V三单 Each boy and girl was givena gift.
4.主语后有 with, along with, togetherwith, as well as, more than, including, besides, like, except, but. 谓语动词由前面的主语决定.
Mr Li with his wife andchildren is coming next week. Tom besideshis friends plays volleyball every afternoon.
5.either…or…. neither…nor… not only…but also…连接两个主语，谓语动词有靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting myuncle. Either you or he is right.
6.there be句型的be动词由靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。 There is a table and many desks in the room.
7.one of +复数名词+ V三单 one of the women isfrom America.
二十、dream ofdoing sth
achieve/come true I believe I will achieve my dream one day.= Ibelieve my dream will come true one day.
二十一、receive /accept
I’ve received her invitation to the party, but I didn’t accept it, because I’mbusy.
二十二、辨析 sothat so….. that…. such…. That…
1) so that = in order that he works hard so that he can makemore money.
2) such 修饰强调名词。
such +a/an + adj + n +that从句 Mary is such a young girl that she can’t go to school.
such +adj+不可数名词、复数名词+that从句
3)so 修饰强调adj或adv.
so + adj / adv + that从句 He is so clever that he can work out all the problems.
4）当名词由many,much, few, little修饰时，只能用so
so many/ few+可数名词复数 +that 从句 so much/ little+不可数名词+that从句
There are so much time that I can play with friends.
5) too…to… = not… enough to …. = so….. that….
二十三、短语。
be willing to dosth be similar to it seems that… seem to do sth
hold onto.. according to
二十四、定语从句 （详见Unit 6-7）
1）一般情况下，that可指人，也可指物，可代替who, whom, which; 但不能和介词搭配。Which指物 who, whom, whose指人 where指某地 when指某时
A doctor is a person who looks after people’ health.
I like the places where people are friendly.
2）掌握that的几种特殊用法（详见书上）
3）掌握whom, which与介词的用法
Units8-12
一、 volunteer one’s time to do sth. 自愿花费时间做某事
二、 makea plan to do sth. = plan to do sth.计划或某事
三、 takeafter = be similar to 和….相似
四、 repair = fix up修理
五、 thankyou (thanks) for doing sth.
六、 lke表举例时“像….” 其后如果跟动词必须用doing
七、 be(get) used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth.（某物）被用于做某事
八、 辨析 bring , take , carry, fetch
bring 拿来 take 带走
carry 携带，搭乘，运载，抬 fetch 取回
九、 adj/adv + enough 足够….. enough + n 足够的….
十、 divide …..into…..把….划分成…
十一、the popularityof basketball has risen worldwide.
popularity人口 + V三单
十二、the numberof (…..的数量) +V三单
a number of(大量的) + V复数
十三、dream ofdoing sth. 梦想做某事
十四、happen =take place (没有被动语态)
十五、辨析
forget to dosth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
leave (left)sth. somewhere 把（某物）忘在某地 lose – lost--lost 丢失
十六、到达
arrive at /in +地点 get to +地点 reach +地点 注明：如果后面不跟地点只能用arrive
十七、on time准时 in time按时
十八、wakeup 醒来 wake– woke – waken hang out 闲逛
十九、wait (for)sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
二十、invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地
二十一、辨析embarrassed / embarrassing
二十二、show up 出现、出席 stay up 熬夜
二十三、dress up 装扮、打扮 dress sb. (in) 给（某人）穿衣服
wear 穿着、戴着（表状态） put on 穿上 （表动作）
二十四、hundredsof数百的、thousandsof数千的、
millions of数百万的、billions of数十亿的。
数词+ hundred / thousand / million /billion 几百、几千、几百万、几十亿
二十五、marry sb 嫁给（某人） getmarried 和（某人）结婚
二十六、sell out 卖完 sell – sold – sold
二十七、there be 句型中的be动词用is还是are ，取决于靠近它的主语是单数还是复数。
二十八、问路方式：
1、 Could you tell me (Do you know) how to get to ……?
2、 Could you tell me the way to ….?
3、 Could you tell me where I can (do sth.)..?
4、 Could you tell me where …. is ?
5、 Could you tell me if there is / are ….. around here ?
二十九、beinterested in = take an interest in + n / doing
三十、宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事。
1) prefer to do sth rather than do sth
2) would rather do sth than do sth
3) prefer doing to doing sth
注：(rather)than 后面的动词形式与前面的并列成分一致。
三十一、look for寻找 find 找到、发现 find out 查明、弄清楚
三十二、beconvenient to do sth. 方便做某事
三十三、have fun =have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 have fun doing sth做某事很愉快
三十四、a goodplace to do sth. 做某事的好地方
三十五、dress upas ….打扮成
三十五、when （一般后跟过去时） while（一般后跟进行时）
三十六、it’snecessary to do sth做某事很有必要
三十七、borrow…..from…. 向….借…. lendsth. to sb. 借给某人某物. keep 借并保存一定时间. 常与一段时间连用。
I’ve kept this book for a week. 我已经借了这本书一周了
三十八、wonder =want to know 想知道
三十九、trouble 打扰、麻烦
have trouble / difficult / problem / a hard time + doing sth. 做某事很困难
四十、 in orderto ……为了….. Inorder not to be late, he rush to the bus stop.
四十一、be supposedto do sth.（不）应该做某事..
四十二、drop by 顺便拜访
四十三、after all 毕竟 捡起，挑选pick up 指着point at make a noise 制造噪音 沿着….一直走….walk down …
四十四、make的用法
make + adj
make sb do sth
(hear, watch, see, have 等用法相同) （但变为被动语态时，其后加 to
My mother made me to work 5hours. I was made to work 5 hours.
四十五、makemistake 犯错
四十六、辨析 except/ besides
except （除…..之外） Everyone went to the beachexcept Jim.
besides （除….之外，包括在内） I have a lot of friendsbesides Mary.
四十七、find(think)it + adj. + to do sth. 发现、认为做某事是……
四十八、不再….. not ……any more ( any longer) = no more ( no longer)
语法专项
动词的分类和时态
一、 动词短语。
（1） 动词+介词
look at, listen to, look after, look for,wait for, take after, depend on, think of, hand in,
hear from, hear of, study for 等，此类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后。
Look at theblackboard. Look after it carefully.
（2） 动词+副词
turn off, turn on, turn up, turn down, pickup, set up, cheer up, clean up, work out, put up, fix up, cut up, give out,give up, give away, put away, think over, put off, use up, hand out, mix up,look up, eat up等.此类动词后的宾语是名词时,放在副词前后都可,若是代词, 必须放在中间.
He turn off the light when heleft. Hepicked it up and give it to me.
⑶其他动词短语：
get along with, take pride in, payattention to, make good use of, be proud of, keep away from, be busy with, bemade of, be good at, be interested in, come up with, be satisfied with
三、非延续动词。
buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop,finish, arrive, join, go, come等。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用延续动词替换。（详见 现在完成时）
四、系动词。
be, become, get, look, seem,turn, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep
五、助动词。
be, have, has, do, does, did, will, shall (详见 P54 )
Ⅰ、动词的五种基本形式(详见 P55 )
Ⅱ、用法：
⑴ 一般现在时。
1、 肯定句： 主语+V原+其他。I usuallygo to school by bus. 主语（三单）+V三单 She plays tennis oncea week.
疑问句：Do+主语+V原……？ Does+主语（三单）+ V原……？
否定句：主语+don’t +V原. 主语（三单）+doesn’t + V原.
2、 用法：
⑴表示经常或习惯性发生的动作。
⑵表示客观真理、事实。 The earth goesaround the sun.
⑶在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。( if, assoon as, until, when)
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go tothe park. When I grow up, I’ll go to
3、 时间状语：
Always, often, sometimes, usually, onSunday, on Monday afternoon, every day/month/year/week, in the morning, once ayear, twice a day, three times a day等
⑵一般过去时。
1、 ⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up late this morning.
⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。
When I was in the countryside. I often swamin the river. I used to go fishing.
2、结构：
肯定句：主语+ V过去+其他。 We visited the museumlast week.
My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday.
疑问句：Did+主语+ V原……？ Did you go shopping with him? Did shecook dinner for her family?
否定句：主语+didn’t+ V原……。 He didn’t goto see the movie last Sunday.
3、动词的规则变化。
4、时间状语：
Yesterday, lastnight/week/year/month, last Sunday, in 1995, the other day, just now, ago等
⑶一般将来时。
1、 用法。
① 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成：will + V原
肯定句：They will leave for
否定句：We won’t visit him tomorrow.
疑问句：Will you go to
(注：当主语为I 或 we时，问句中可用 shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?
② be going to+ V原 表示计划、打算做某事。
---what are you going to do nextSunday? ---I am going to listen to music.
Look at the clouds, there is going to rain.
③ 现在进行时be +Ving 有时可以表示将来。
常用这种结构的动词：go,come, leave, stay, start, arrive We’re leavingfor
（4）现在进行时
1、构成：
肯定句：主语 + is /am / are +ving
疑问句：Is /Am/Are + 主语 +ving
否定句：主语 + isn’t/ am not / aren’t + ving
2、 用法：
① 表示正在进行的动作 I’m reading book now.
② 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。 They are studying hard this term.
3、 时间状语
now , these days, 当句中有look, listen , can’t you see,can you see时
Listen! He is singing.
(5) 现在完成时
1、already / yet 已经
already一般用于肯定，与完成时态和进行时连用，也可以用于疑问句，表惊讶。
I have already finished my work.
yet一般用于否定或疑问句。 Has she gone to schoolyet ? His parents haven’t been to
2、 现在完成时表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作，常与for, since连用.
现在完成时表示动作才刚结束，但影响还在。
I have lost my pen .(结果是我的笔丢失了，我现在没有钢笔了)
--have you found your watch yet ? --No , I haven’t found it yet.
I have lived here for 10 years . 我已经在这里住了10年（可能还会继续住下去）
3、结构：
肯定句：主语+ have / has +V过分
疑问句：Have /Has + 主语+ V过分
否定句：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t + V过分
4、时间状语 yet, already, recently , just, once, never, ever, so far,these days.
since +过去的时间点/过去时态 for + 一段时间 in thelast(past) + 一段时间
5、延续和非延续动词。
在现在完成时中，有些动词不能与一段时间搭配，所以在与for , since 引导的肯定句搭配时，要用其他动词替代：
buy---have borrow---keep die---be dead go/leave/move---be away(from)
begin/start---be on fall asleep---be asleep finish/end---beover
join---be in/ be a +名词 come---behere open---be open close---be closed
I’ve left the school for 3 years. ( ) I’ve been away from the school for 3 years. ( )
6、辨析 have / has been to , have /has gone to , have hasbeen in
have/ has been to … 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来
I have been to
have/has gone to… 去了某地，现在还没回来，可能还在路上。
--where is your father ? --- he hasgone to
have/has been in… 已经在某地（呆了多久）
My family have been in
(6) 过去进行时
1、结构 was / were + doing
2、用法
① 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作
---what wereyou doing at 9:30 last night? --- I was watchingTV.
3、when一般接一般过去时 I was doing my homework when my father came home.
while一般接进行时 While my mother was cleaning, I went out. He wasplaying basketball while she was reading books.
（7）过去完成时
1、过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前，已经发生的动作或状态。（过去的过去）
When I got to school, I realized I had leftmy backpack at hone. By the time she got toclass, the teacher had started teaching.
2、结构：had + V过分
3、时间状语：by the time + 表示过去的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。
By the time we arrived at theshop, the bus had left.
动词、短语辨析
1、dress , put on , wear
dress sb / oneself (in) 给某人穿衣。 She dressed her baby in a redskirt.
dress up 打扮、装扮 The girl dressed herselfup ant went to the party.
Put on （动作）穿上 It’s cold outside , put onyour coat.
wear = be in 穿着、戴着 Lily wears T-shirt everyday. = Lily is in T-shirt every day.
2、arrive , get , reach
arrive + at / in +地点 When did youarrive in Chengdu ?
get to +地点 How do youget to school ?
reach +地点 Whenshe reached the supermarket , her mother is shopping.
3、die , dead , death , dying
die（动词）死亡→（过去时）died His friend died 3 years ago.
dead（die的过去分词，用于完成时，与for, since搭配）
His friend has been dead for 3 years.
death（名词）死亡 His death is theloss（损失） of China.
dying 垂死的 The poor man is dying.
4、 lose, forget, leave
lose 丢失、失去
forget 忘记 forget to do sth / forget doing sth
leave + 地点 “把某物落在某地）
5、 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must， 否定回答用 needn’t
---Must I finish the work today? ---No, you needn’t.
---May I come in? ---No, you musn’t.
非谓语动词
一、 动词不定式
1、 结构 to + V原 / not to +V原
2、 用法
①作主语 + V三单 To speakEnglish is not easy for us.
②作表语 My job is to clean the room.
③作宾语 He likes to play soccer.
④作宾语补足语 She asked me not to speak loudly.
⑤作定语 Have you got anything to eat ?
⑥作状语 I went to the library to study English.（表目的）
注： 作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加介词。
I don’t have enough time to study for thetest , so I have something to worry about.
I need a room to live in
不定式作宾语：want,refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, would like, offer, expect, decide, ask+ to do sth
I hope to find a good job after graduatingfrom school.
不定式作宾补：tell,ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage + sb (not) to do sth
My mother asks me not to play computergames before finishing homework.
不带to 的不定式: why not + do …? Hadbetter (not) do sth.
Would better (not)do… Could/Would/Will you (not) do…..?
另外，有些感官动词和使役动词也不带t
Hear, see, watch, notice, feel, let, make, have + sb (not) do ….但变为被动时，要加 to
The boss made them work the whole day.
They were made to work the whole day. （被动）
感叹句
（一）what引导
1、what + a/an + adj +可数名词单数+主语+谓语 What a beautiful girl she is !
2、what + adj +可数名词复数、不可数名词+主语+谓语 What sweet water it is !
（二）how引导
How +adj /adv +主语+谓语 How interestingthe film is !
（三）如何判断用what还是how
凡是有a / an开头，多用what； 凡是adj直接加名词的，多用what；其他一般用how.
状语从句
一、 时间状语从句
when, while , as, before, after, since,until, as soon as.
(1) 当主语是一般将来时或祈使句或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现”
I’ll ring you as soon as I get to school. 我一到学校就打电话给你。
(2) 肯定句：until = till 直到 I’ll waitfor you until you come back.
否定句：until =before not …. until 直到….才…… I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.。
二、条件状语从句
if , as long as（只要） , unless（除非）
主将从现 I’ll visit you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Use your head, and you’ll find a way.
Unless you work hard, you’ll get a good job. If the trafficlights are green, you can cross the street.
宾语从句
一、宾语从句的语态。
宾语从句要用陈述语态
--- Do you know ______ for
二、主句与从句时态一致。
1、如果主句用现在的某个时态，宾语从句视实际情况而定。
I wonder if you can help me. 我想知道你是否能帮我。
2、主过--- 从过
He told me that he would takepart in English club. 他告诉我他将参加英语俱乐部。
He asked me if I used hisbike. 他问我是否我用过他的自行车。
3、 如果是客观事实，宾语从句用一般现在时。 Jim told me that the earth isround. Jim告诉我地球是圆的。
三、连接词
1、that可省略，that作主语时不能省。
2、what , which , who, whose, whom He asked mewhose the book is.
3、when, how, where, why Could you tellme where the restaurant is.
Do you know how to get to the bank?
4、 if / whether 是否
以下情况只能用whether :
与or not 连用 Can you tell me whether we go or not.
作介词后的宾语从句 I’m worried about whether we should study each other,
跟不定式todo Have you decidedwhether to go with us.
定语从句的用法
定语从句中只能使用that的情况
1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Is thereanything that I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？)
2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Tom told hermother all that had happened.(汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。)
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：This is themost wonderful time that I have ever had. (这是我度过的最美好的时光。)
4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：
He was the first person that passed theexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。例：This will be the last chance thathe can get.(这将会是他得到的唯一机会。) He is the only person that can helpyou out.(他是唯一能帮你的人。)
6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。
例：They talkedof things and persons that they remembered in the school.(他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。)
7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。
例：Which is thebook that he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？)
注意：●指物时，在介词后只能用which，而不能用that.
●定词从句修饰代表地点、时间的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that 或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词 where（表地点）或 when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.
如:Mary wouldnever forget the evening when she lost the book. I’vebeen to the city that you visited last week.
被动语态注意事项
●构成
被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
一般现在时am/is/are + pp.
一般过去时 was/were + pp.
一般将来时 will be+ pp. am/is/are going to be+ pp.
情态动词 may/ can/must/ should be + pp.
被动语态否定式为be not+ pp.，
情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词＋not be + pp..
●主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式，例如：
Everyone likes the interestingfilm. (主动语态) → Theinteresting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态)
They used knives to cutthings. (主动语态) → Knivesare used to cut things. (被动语态)
●某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write；buy、make等，在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出。例如：
My sister gave me a nice watch for mybirthday. →A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表。
They have bought us many books. → Manybooks have been bought for us by them. 很多书都是由他们给我们买的。
●某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中，其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复。如：He madeus clean the classroom after school. →We were made to clean the classroom afterschool. 我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。
I saw him come into the room. → Hewas seen to come into the room. 人们看见他进了屋子。
●在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词，变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。如：
They must take good careof the children. → The children must be taken good care of. 孩子们必须小心照看。
●英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、smell、touch、feel、sounds、write、be worth doing、sth. needs doing等可以用主动表示被动意义。如：This kind of bookssells well. 这种书畅销。 The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。