中财网豪门枭宠aa制百度云:《英语语法句法窍门》之43讲：巧联定语从句
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《英语语法句法窍门》之43讲：巧联定语从句
定语从句是英语学习中的一个重要语法项目，在学习中经常遇到。其中有些问题却使人感到棘手。
比如我们要把两个有关联的句子，合并成一个含定语从句的复合句，到底哪一个作主句、哪一个作从句呢？下面就谈谈这个问题。例：
如：The poor boy is called Bob．He lost both his parents．
合并成定语从句是改成：
The poor boy who lost both his parents last year iscalled Bob．
还是改成：
The poor boy who is called Bob lost both his parentslast year．
两句究竟哪个合理？有人认为第一句较合理，但怎样能解释清楚呢？
其实做这类题有一个诀窍：即两句中一般动作先发生的句子（作从句）限定动作后发生的句子（作主句），并紧随先行词后。
如该句中：“He lost both parents last year．”为过去时态，故作从句。The poor boy is called Bob．为一般现在时，故作主句，因此应合并为：
The poor boy who lost both his parents last year iscalled Bob．（那个去年失去双亲的可怜的男孩名叫Bob。）
根据以上原则，我们可以轻而易举地把两个句子合并为一个含定语从句的复句。如：
Cheap houses were built with little money．
They were not strong enough．
两句中肯定是先造房子后才能论及房子的牢固程度，故以 they were not strong enough作主句，故有：
Cheap houses which were built with little money were not strong enough．花很少的钱建造的便宜房子是很不牢固的。
又如：
The long bridge still looks nice．
The bridge has been there for nearly fifty years．两句中后一句为完成时，动作已发生，故作从句。
前一句为一般现在时，故作主句。合成为：
The long bridge which has been there for nearly fiftyyears still looks nice．屹立在那儿大约五十年的长桥看起来仍然很美丽。
这要比：“The long bridge which still looks nice has beenthere for nearly fifty years．”合理。
据此，我们不妨试一试以下句子，测试该“诀窍”是否真能“巧”联定语从句。
The book is interesting．You lent to me yesterday．
The book which you lent to me yesterday is interesting．
（你昨天借给我的书很有趣。）
The boy is my brother．He was here a minute ago．
The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother．
（刚才在这儿的男孩是我的兄弟。）
不过究竟哪一个句子作主句，哪一个句子作从句，有时还要根据具体的语言环境而定。