有腹水怎么样排出来:2011年高考英语虚拟语气考点及精品练习题(十二)

2011年高考英语虚拟语气考点及精品练习题(十二)

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show                                             B. would show

C. am going to show                                 D. am showing

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

A. do                                                       B. are

C. will                                                      D. would

【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。

4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”

A. will come                                             B. is coming

C. came                                                   D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：

(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”

A. won’t                                                  B. didn’t

C. don’t                                                   D. wouldn’t

(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”

A. didn’t                                                   B. hadn’t

C. don’t                                                   D. wouldn’t

(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”

A. won’t                                                  B. didn’t

C. doesn’t                                                D. wouldn’t

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated                        

D. was; be operated on

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：

(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent                               B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent                       D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.

A. should do, should be                              B. had done, should be

C. had done, had been                                D. should do, had been

(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.

A. was sent; felt                                        B. be sent; was feeling

C. he sent; feel                                          D. should be sent; should feel

6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A. Was he given up                                   B. Had he given up

C. Did he give                                           D. If he gave up

【陷阱】容易误选 D。

【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。

Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”

A. do                                                       B. did

C. had                                                      D. would

2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.

A. don’t know                                          B. hadn’t known

C. wasn’t knowing                                    D. wouldn’t know

3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”

A. don’t                                                   B. hadn’t

C. couldn’t                                               D. wouldn’t

4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.

A. can’t get                                              B. won’t get

C. hadn’t got                                            D. wouldn’t get

5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”

A. knew, live                                            B. knew, lives

C. know, lives                                           D. know, lived

6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”

A. begin                                                   B. have begun

C. began                                                   D. had begun

7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn’t have fallen                              B. had not fallen

C. should fall                                            D. were to fall

8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.

A. had scored                                           B. scored

C. would score                                         D. would have scored

9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies                                                      B. lay

C. had lain                                                D. should lie

10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold                           B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold                             D. can freeze coldly

11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.

A. had said                                               B. said

C. might say                                             D. might have said

12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.

A. drove; didn’t get                                   B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get                     D. had driven; wouldn’t have got

13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.

A. breaks                                                  B. has broken

C. were broken                                         D. had been broken

14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.

A. would have passed                                B. would pass

C. wouldn’t have passed                            D. wouldn’t pass

【答案与解析】

1. 选B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。

2. 选A。虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。

3. 选B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。

4. 选A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。

5. 选B。第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法)；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。

6. 选C。It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。

7. 选 B。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。

8. 选 D。这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D。

9. 选 C。if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C。

10. 选 A。without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

11. 选 D。otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

12. 选 D。根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have+过去分词。

13. 选 C。as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth。又如下面一题要选 C：

It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.

A. circles                                                  B. is circling

C. were circling                                        D. has been circling

14. 选C。but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C。

强调句型考点

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late                              B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late                         D. It was because we were late

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。

【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：

Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

A. it that                                                   B. he that

C. it when                                                D. he which

【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。

【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since      B. as         C. that          D. he

答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。

(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

A. what       B. which         C. that          D. if

答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。

3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful                                             B. It, carefully

C. He, careful                                           D. He, carefully

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

A. since      B. as         C. that          D. then

答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。

(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before      B. who        C. that          D. when

答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。

4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”

A. where                                                  B. which

C. that                                                      D. when

【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

A. which                                                  B. as

C. what                                                    D. that

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

A. which      B. since     C. that         D. what

答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。

(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one        B. that       C. what        D. it

答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。

6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.

A. which, that                                           B. that, which

C. which, which                                       D. that, where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。

【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：

(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

A. who, where                                          B. that, how

C. who, that                                             D. that, which

此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.

A. where, which                                       B. that, that

C. where, that                                           D. which, that

此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。

7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when                                                   B. that

C. which                                                  D. in which

【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。

【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：

Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when                                                   B. that

C. which                                                  D. in which

8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.

A. that                                                      B. where

C. which                                                  D. while

【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。

9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.

A. when                                                   B. that

C. since                                                    D. while

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。

10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.

A. which                                                  B. as

C. that                                                      D. what

【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。

【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1.—Who are making so much noise in the garden?

—_______ the children.

A. It is                                                     B. They are

C. That is                                                 D. There are

2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.

A. what; that                                             B. that; what

C. that; that                                              D. / ; that

3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.

A. what                                                    B. that

C. 不填                                                   D. which

4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.

A. where, that                                           B. where, when

C. that, where                                           D. that, that

5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it you                                                   B. not you

C. you                                                      D. that you

6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.

A. when                                                   B. that

C. since                                                    D. after

7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.

A. which                                                  B. since

C. that                                                      D. before

【答案与解析】

1. 选A。为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。

2. 选C。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。

3. 选B。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。

4. 选A，整个句子为 it was … that … 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。

5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw …。

6. 选A。when 表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”

7. 选C。为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … 的形式。