真的存在双性人吗:听说学英语必须熟读甚至背诵一些能够流传千古的经典作品（二）

5、IF

If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance¹ for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise:

If you can dream -- and not make dreams your master;
If you can think -- and not make thoughts your aim,
If you can meet with Triumph² and Disaster
And treat those two impostors³ just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted⁴ by knaves⁵ to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build 'em⁶ up with worn-out tools:

If you can make one heap⁷ of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss⁸,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force heart and nerve and sinew⁹
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue¹⁰,
Or walk with Kings -- nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes¹¹ or loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And ---Which is more -- you'll be a Man, my son!

[注释]

1、  allowance：允许  2、triumph: success  3、imposter: 冒名顶替者

4、twist: 扭曲  5、knave: 流氓  6、’em: them  7、heap: 堆 

8、pitch-and-toss：掷钱  9、sinew: 肌肉  10、virtue: 美德  11、foe: enemy

[参考译文]

如    果

如果在众人六神无主而诿过于你时，

你仍能镇定自若；

如果当所有人对你心存怀疑，你仍能自信，

并也容许别人猜疑；

如果你能等待，而不厌倦，

被欺骗，而不还以欺心，

被嫉恨，而不嫉恨别人，

既不目空一切，也不夸夸其谈：

如果你有梦想——而不整天梦陷黄粱，

如果你能神思——而不是胡思乱想，

如果你对胜利和灾难

这两种虚幻看作一样；

如果你能忍受自己说出的真相

被无赖歪曲成诱骗傻瓜的网，

或看到你付出心血的东西被毁坏，

还能俯身用破坏的工具再干一场：

如果你能在用穷尽毕生所得孤注一掷

的冒险失败后，从零开始，

而绝口不提你的损失；

如果你能让你的心你的精力你的神经

在你消沉很久有专注你的事业，

并在你一无所有唯剩意志向它们命令“坚持！”时继续下去：

如果你混迹于百姓而仍坚持你的美德，

与王者同行却不与世人隔绝，

如果你的敌人和你亲爱的朋友都再不能把你伤害，

如果所有的人都认同你却没有人太在意，

如果你能将你拥有的无情的每一分钟，

以六十秒的价值秒秒渡过，

你的心便是宽广的大地，包容万物

而更重要的，我的孩子——你便是个真的汉子！

[Your Comments]:

6、Much to Live For

[导读] 热爱生活，让生命的体验成为一段美丽的乐符。翻开书页，睁开双眼、用心体会这优美的语言和聆听这智慧的声音。

There is so much I have not been, so much I have not seen. I have not thought and have not done or felt enough -- the early sun, rain and the seasonal delight¹ of flocks of ducks and geese in flight, the mysteries² of late-at-night. I still need time to read a book, write poems, paint a picture, look at scenes and faces dear to me. There is something more to be of value-- something I should find within myself -- as peace of mind, patience, grace³ and being kind. I shall take and I shall give, while yet, there is so much to live for – rainbows⁴, stars that gleam⁵, the fields, the hills, the hope, the dreams, the truth that one must seek. I'll stay here -- treasure every day and love the world in my own way!

[注释]

1、seasonal delight: 季节性的喜悦  2、mystery: 秘密，谜

3、grace: A characteristic or quality pleasing for its charm魅力，优雅

4、rainbow: 虹，彩虹 5、gleam: flash or glow 闪光；闪烁或发光；闪耀

[参考译文]

生命中，有那么多我没经验过，有那么多我没见过。我没有充分想过，做过，或体会过 -- 朝阳、雨水、季节性的喜悦来自成群飞翔的野鸭与野雁和那些午夜的神秘。我还需要时间读书，写诗、作画、观赏景色与我所爱的脸庞。还有一些东西具有价值 -- 那是我应该发现在自己内心的 -- 心灵的宁静、耐心、优雅、与仁慈。我要接受而且我要施舍，然而还是有许多可以赖以生活-- 彩虹，闪烁的星星、田野、山丘、希望、梦想、人人所追求的真理。　我会在此 -- 珍惜每一个时日并且用自我的方式惜爱这个世界！

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7、Of Studies

Studies serve for delight, for ornament¹, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness² and retiring³; for ornament, is in discourse⁴; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition⁵ of business. For expert men can execute⁶, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels⁷, and the plots and marshalling⁸ of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth⁹; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation¹⁰; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning¹¹ by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large¹², except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty¹³ men contemn¹⁴ studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation¹⁵. Read not to contradict¹⁶ and confute¹⁷; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed¹⁸, and some few to be chewed¹⁹ and digested²⁰; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence²¹ and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy²², and extracts²³ made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner²⁴ sort of books, else distilled²⁵ books are like common distilled waters, flashy²⁶ things.

Reading makes a full man; conference²⁷ a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer²⁸ little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning²⁹, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle³⁰; natural philosophy deep; moral grave³¹; logic and rhetoric³² able to contend³³. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stone or impediment³⁴ in the wit, but may be wrought³⁵ out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate³⁶ exercises. Bowling³⁷ is good for the stone and reins³⁸; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations³⁹, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt⁴⁰ to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study 197 the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

[注释]

1、  ornament: 装饰物  2、privateness：独处  3、retiring: 退休的  4、discourse：谈论

5、disposition：部署  6、execute：执行  7、counsel：商议  8、marshalling：统筹

9、sloth：怠惰  10、affectation：假装  11、pruning：修枝  12、at large：随意地

13、Crafty：狡诈的  14、contemn：侮辱  15、observation：观察 

16、contradict：同...抵触  17、confute：驳斥  18、swallow：吞咽

19、chew：咀爵  20、digest：消化  21、diligence：勤奋  22、deputy：委托人

23、extract：选粹  24、mean：低劣的  25、distilled：由蒸馏得来的 

26、flashy：浮华的  27、conference：讨论  28、confer：协商  29、cunning：机灵

30、subtle：精细  31、grave：严谨  33、contend: 争论  34、impediment：障碍物

35、wrought：work的过去式和过去分词  36、appropriate：适当的

37、bowling: 保龄球  38、rein：缰绳  39、demonstration：演算  40、apt：有...倾向的

[参考译文]

谈读书
弗朗西斯·培根

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则娇，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。

附：英语专家王佐良谈英语学习方法

通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。语言之有魅力，风格之值得研究，主要是因为后面有一个大的精神世界：但这两者又必须艺术地融合在一起，因此语言表达力同思想洞察力又是互相促进的。文体，风格的研究是有实际用途的，它可以使我们更深入地观察英语的性能，看到英语的长处，短处，以及我们在学习英语时应该特别注意或警惕的地方。因为英语一方面不难使用，一方面又在不小心或过分小心的使用者面前布满了陷阱。

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8、 Youth

[导读]《青春》一文，麦克阿瑟将军生前视之为座右铭，将之精心装裱在自己的桌上；许多世界名人将其随身携带，以至于皱折不堪。一位日本研究专家说“在日本实业界，凡有所成就，都熟知这篇短文”。它给予了一种启示，教我们如何美好的生活。20世纪初塞缪尔·厄尔曼（Samuel Ullman）写的这篇不足500字的短文《青春》一直为世人倾倒，过了这么多年它的魅力依旧；他1840生于德国，童年时移居美国。他在古稀之年才开始写作，是一个了不起的人。

Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks¹, red lips and supple² knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor³ of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.

Youth means a temperamental⁴ predominance⁵ of courage over timidity⁶ of the appetite⁷, for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting⁸ our ideals.

Years may wrinkle⁹ the skin, but to give up enthusiasm¹⁰ wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows¹¹ the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless¹² station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite¹³, so long are you young.

When the aerials¹⁴ are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism¹⁵ and the ice of pessimism¹⁶, then you are grown old, even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch the waves of optimism¹⁷, there is hope you may die young at eighty.

[注释]

1、rosy cheeks: 红扑扑的脸庞2、supple: 柔软的3、vigor: 精力, 活力

4、temperamental: 心情变化快的, 喜怒无常的5、predominance: 优势

6、timidity: shy 胆怯，害羞的7、appetite: 食欲, 胃口, 欲望, 爱好

8、desert: 放弃, 遗弃9、wrinkle: 起皱10、enthusiasm:狂热, 热心, 积极性

11、bow: 鞠躬, 弯腰, 屈服, 屈从12、wireless: 无线的13、infinite: 无限的，无穷的

14、aerials: 天线15、cynicism: 玩世不恭, 冷嘲热讽16、pessimism: 悲观, 悲观主义17、optimism：乐观

[参考译文]

青春

塞缪尔·厄尔曼
       青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
        青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。
        岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。忧烦，惶恐，丧失自信，定使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。
        无论年届花甲，拟或二八芳龄，心中皆有生命之欢乐，奇迹之诱惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线，只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你就青春永驻，风华常存。
        一旦天线下降，锐气便被冰雪覆盖，玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生，即使年方二十，实已垂垂老矣；然则只要树起天线，捕捉乐观信号，你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉年轻。

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