江门市江海区公办小学:形容词用法

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1 两种形容词He has a new bike. It looks nice.他有一辆新的自行车。它看起来很不错。1.性质形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如：hot（热的）、happy（快乐的）、beautiful（美丽的）。这类形容词是大多数。这个漂亮的女孩说一口漂亮的英语。The girl is beautiful.（作表语）这个女孩很漂亮。We'll try our best to make our school beautiful.（作宾语补足语）我们将尽力使我们学校美丽。2.叙述形容词因为这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类，如：afraid（害怕的）、alone（单独的）、asleep（睡着的）、alive（活着的）、awake（醒着的），以及worth（值得的）、unable（不可能的）、ill（病的）。She is ill.她病了。The boy is afraid of his father.这个男孩怕他爸爸。The ill man was afraid of death.（×）The sick man was afraid of death.（○）这个病人害怕死亡。3.还有一类形容词是说明事物间的关系或事物的用途、时间、方位的，这类形容词通常没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词修饰。Chinese 中国的                eastern 东方的2 形容词的位置There is something wrong with this watch.这只手表有点故障了。形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰不定代词（以-thing 为字尾的词语）时，要放在这些词语之后。We saw something white in the dark.我们在黑暗中看到了一些白色的东西。
Is there anything important in the newspaper?报上有什么重要新闻吗？There is nothing（=isn't anything）important in the newspaper.报上没什么重要事情。注意no = not…anynothing= not…anything3 需注意的形容词用法1.形容词和定冠词有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物。这时，它相当于一个名词，可以作主语或宾语。表示一类人时，看作复数；表示一类事物时，看作单数。Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.罗宾汉憎恨富人（们），热爱穷人们。The wounded（old） are well looked after.伤兵们（老人们）受到很好的照顾。We all love the beautiful.我们都喜欢美丽的东西（事物）。必背！the young                                  年轻人the sick                                     病人the deaf                                     聋子the blind                                    盲人the aged                                    老人the smooth                                顺利的事the impossible                            不可能的事2.形容词的顺序如果有冠词（a, an, the）或代词（my, this ,that……）修饰时，词序为：冠词或代词+形容词+名词。a tall boy                                   一个高个子男孩an interesting book                    一本有趣的书my good friend              我的好朋友3.形容词作定语时的后置a.前面我们讲到形容词作定语时，位置要放在所修饰的名词前面，但当它带有表示数量词或词组时，定语后置。They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.他们建成了一座一百米长的桥。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.去年，我们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。
b.带有表示数量的词或词组，作表语时，也后置。The bridge is a hundred meters long.这座桥长达一百米。The building is thirteen storeys high.这个大楼有十三层高。They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.他们已经修建了一座长二百米的桥。注意表数量的词组变成合成语时，作定语用，放在名词前。Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.去年我们建了一座高十三层的大楼。c.另外，一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首、句中或句尾，作状语。He returned home, tired and hungry.他又累又饿地回到了家。Cold and hungry, he walked in the street.又冷又饿，他走在街道上。★常见形容词词组be good at 善于……的                     be full of 充满……be angry at (about )因……生气         near to 靠近的be angry with (at )对……发怒的        close to 靠近的be famous for 因……而著名            next to 与……相邻的be fit for 适宜于                                be able to (do)能……的be different from 和……不同的        be difficult to (do) 难以……的separate from 与……分离的            be eager to (do) 急于……的be poor in 贫……的；缺……的      be easy to do 易于……be rich in 富于……；丰富的……   enough to (do) 足以……的be afraid of 害怕……                        be glad to (do) 高兴的be proud of 以……自豪的；           be ready to (do) 准备……的
 be fond of 喜欢，喜爱 2 形容词的比较等级大多数形容词（性质形容词）有比较等级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。2 不规则变化 3 形容词比较等级的用法形容词比较等级通常可分为原级、比较级和最高级三种基本形，具体而言，它们分别以下列形式出现在句中。1 原级的用法My uncle is as tall as your father.我叔叔和你父亲一样高。My uncle is not as（=so）tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父亲高。Is my uncle as tall as your father?我叔叔和你父亲一样高吗？1.句型：A+动词+as+形容词原级+as B.（表示A和B两者比较，程度相同）Tom is as honest as John.汤姆和约翰一样诚实。Her skin is as white as snow.她的皮肤像雪一样白。My dog is as old as that one.我的狗和那只狗一样大。This jacket is as cheap as that one.这件夹克和那一件一样便宜。注意为了避免重复，我们常用that, those和one一类的代词代替as后重复前面出现的名词。2.否定句：A…+not +as +形容词原级+as B.=A…+not +so +形容词原级+as B.（表示A、B两者程度不同，即A不如B那么……）He is not as（so）tall as I. 他不如我高。The weather in Beijing is not as（=so）hot as the weather in Wuhan.北京的天气不如武汉热。There are not as（=so）many books in our libraryas in your library.我们图书馆的书没有你们的多。3.疑问句：Be动词+A+as+形容词原级+as B.Is he as busy as before?他还像以前那么忙吗？Is there as much water in this glass as in that one?这个杯子里的水和那个杯子里的一样多吗？2 需注意的原级用法This is twenty times as long as that.这个的长度是那个的二十倍。1.表示倍数的句型～times as +形容词原级+as（是……的几倍）This garden is ten times as large as that one.这个花园是那个的十倍。
There are now twice as many schools in the town as in 1972.这个城镇里的学校是1972年的两倍。注意在英语中，两倍用twice，而不用two times，三倍以上用three，four…times。2.half as+形容词原级+as（表示“……的一半……”）My handwriting is not half as good as yours.我的书法不如你的一半儿（好）。3.as～as possible（表示“尽可能……”）He is as fast as possible.他尽可能的快。3 比较级的用法I am older than you.我比你大。1.句型：A+动词+形容词比较级+than + B.二者相比较，说明“A比B更……一些”时要用一个连词than引导的从句。Mary is happier than Jane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。His brother is younger than I （me）.他哥哥比我小。注意than后面接代词时，一般要用主格。但在口语中也可使用宾格。Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.北京比武汉美丽。You look younger today.今天你看起来比较年轻。（省略了than before）完整句子：You look younger today than you looked（young）before.（这样的句子只是帮助理解，实际应用中，不能出现）Are you feeling better?你现在感觉好些了吗？4 需注意的比较级用法Your room is much larger than mine.你的房间比我的大多了。Your room is three times larger than mine.你的房间比我的大三倍。He is taller than any other boy in his class.在班上，他比任何一个男孩子都高。1.在形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little,……来修饰，表示“……的多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……一些”。Our city is much more beautiful than yours.
我们的城市比你们的漂亮得多。This is even harder than steel.这个东西甚至比钢还硬。He is even slower than before.他比以前更慢了。Japan is a little larger than Germany.日本只比德国大一点儿。2.表示倍数：…times+形容词比较级+than…Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大二倍。The Yangzi River is ten times longer than the river in your city.长江比你们城市的河长十倍。3.表示“大几岁”，“高几厘米”时要用“表示数、量的词+比较级”来表示。I'm two years older than you.我比你大二岁。She is a head taller than I（me）.她比我高一个头。4.“比较级+ than any other +单数名词”表示“比其他的任何……都……”（这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。）He is better than any other student in the class.他在班里，比任何一个别的学生都好。（暗指：他是最好的）注意any other后要加单数名词。
This watch is more expensive than any other watch in the shop.在这个店里，这只表比其他任何一个别的表都贵。（这只表是最贵的）5.“比较级+and+比较级”译为“越来越……”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.地球变得越来越暖和。China is more and more beautiful.中国变得越来越美丽注意多音节形容词用此句型时，要用more and more +形容词原级；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful.6.“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”译为“越……就越……”The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙就越高兴。The higher the ground（is）,the thinner air becomes.越高，空气就越稀薄。7.“the+比较级+ of the two”译为“两个中比较……的”。This watch is the cheaper of the two.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。He is the better of the two.他是这两个人中比较好的。
8.Which（Who）is+比较级…？比较A和B，问“哪一个较……？”时用“Which is+比较级，A or B？”句型。如果是人与人相比时，用Who代替Which。Which one is more popular, the radio or the movie? 收音机和电影，哪一个更普及？The radio is.收音机。注意A or B，只能用or不能用and。Who is happier, you or your father? 你和你父亲，谁幸福？I am.我（或者） My father is. 我父亲。5.最高级的用法Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。She is the youngest in the class.她是班里最年轻的。1.句型：A+动词+形容词最高级+of（in）…表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。Tom is the happiest of us all.汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。This park is the most beautiful of the three.这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。较of…和in…的区别1.“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”of the four……                                        在四个之中of all（people）                                      在所有的人之中of all the boys                                           在所有的男孩中of us                                                         在我们之中of all things                                               在所有的事情当中2.“in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”；“在……之内”in the house                                              在家中in China                                                    在中国in the world                                              在世界上in our school                                             在我们学校in my family                                              在我们家6 需注意的最高级用法America is one of the most important countries for China.对中国而言，美国是最重要的国家之—。My father is the tallest in my family.在我家里，我父亲最高。1.one of the +最高级，表示“是最……之一者”Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。One of the most important languages is English.最重要的语言之一是英语。注意one of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为“one of the +最高级+复数名词”2.“most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词”或“most of+代词”，表示“大多数，大部分的……”Most people like apples.大多数人喜欢苹果。Most of the boys are good.大多数的男孩是好样的。Most of（his books） them were written here.他的大部分书是在这儿写的。3.最高级的表示方法我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级，总结如下：她是她们班最好的学生。·最高级：She is the best in her class.·比较级：She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.·原级：No other student in her class is as good as she.4.Which（Who）is +the +最高级？意指三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个（人）最为～呢？”Which is the biggest of the five apples?这五个苹果中哪一个最大？The first one（is）. 第一个。Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant?马、羊和大象，哪一个最沉？The elephant（is）.大象。
比较which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which，从不定数中做选择时用what，但有时并没有区分得那么清楚。左下例句是询问三者以上，所以用which。 ★常用的形容词angry 生气的         glad 高兴的       kind 亲切的       right 对的bad 坏的                good 好的         large 大的          short beautiful美丽的      great 伟大的      little 小的            短的、矮的big 大的                happy 幸福的    long 长的           sick 生病的busy 忙的              high 高的           new 新的          small 小的cold冷的               hot 热的            nice 好的            strong 强壮的cool 凉的              important             old 老的             tall 高的dark黑的               重要的               poor穷的           warm 温暖的
easy 容易的          imteresting           pretty 漂亮的     wrong 错的fine 美好的           有趣的               rich 富有的        young 年轻的
1       (  )1. This box is___ that one.   A. heavy than    B. so heavy than   
C. heavier as    D. as heavy as      (  )2 When we speak to people, we should be           .        A. as polite as possible          B. as polite as possibly        C. as politely as possible         D. as politely as possibly     (  )3 This book is____ that one, but____ than that one.        A. as difficult as; expensive      
B. as more difficult as; more expensive        C. as difficult as; more expensive 
 D. more difficult as; as expensive       (  )4 I think the story is not so ___ as that one.        A. interesting    B. interested     C. more interesting     D. most  interesting    (  )5 His father began to work____ he was seven years old.      A. as old as     B. as early as    C. since     D. while         2        (  )1. I think science is _ than Japanese.            A. much important             B. important             C. much more important      D. more much important        (  )2 This pencil is___ than that one.         A. longest    B. long     C. longer     D. as long        (  )3 My mother is no ___ young.            A. shorter     B. longer      C. little      D. few        (  )4 These children are ____ this year than they were last year.       A. more tall      B. more taller     
C. very taller      D. much   taller       (  )5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is___ today.        A. even hotter     B. more hotter   
 C. much more hot    D. much hot      (  )6. Mrs Black has got____ instead of getting any better.         A. more bad     B. a little worse    
C. much badly     D. a lot of worse