脖子的淋巴结疼怎么办:色情诱发的性功能障碍

网络色情对许多用户来说是“性负”的。

Published on July 11, 2011 by Marnia Robinson  

2011年7月11日 玛莉亚·罗宾逊

A growing number of young, healthy Internet pornography users are complaining of delayed ejaculation, inability to be turned on by real partners, and sluggish erections.

越来越多的年轻而身体健康的网络色情用户抱怨射精困难、对现实中的性伙伴失去兴趣、勃起困难。

Lots of guys, 20s or so, can't get it up anymore with a real girl, and they all relate having a serious porn/masturbation habit. Guys will never openly discuss this with friends or co-workers, for fear of getting laughed out of town. But when someone tells their story on a health forum, and there are 50-100 replies from other guys who struggle with the same thing. This is for real.

很多20岁上下的小伙子无法与真实的女友交欢，他们都有严重的色情/手淫习惯。因为害怕嘲笑、在当地呆不下去，小伙子们绝不会和朋友或同事们公开讨论这个问题。但只要有人在健康论坛上讲述他们的故事，就有50到100条回复，都来自挣扎于同一困境中的年轻男性。这可不是玩笑。

Threads relating to this issue are springing up all over the Web on bodybuilding, medical help, and pick-up artist forums, in at least twenty countries. Notice from one such forum:

有关这一问题的板块在至少20个国家的健美、医疗救助和新兴艺术家论坛上如雨后春笋般冒出来。其中一个论坛发布公告说：

Due to the overwhelming emails and requests we have received concerning pornography addiction and erectile dysfunction, we decided to create an entirely different thread. ED due to porn is becoming rapidly common, especially for young men.

我们收到铺天盖地的电子邮件和请求，都是有关色情瘾症和勃起功能障碍，因此我们决定开辟一个完全不同的板块。勃起功能障碍由于色情泛滥而日益普遍，尤其是在青年男性中。

Desperate young men from various cultures, with different levels of education, religiosity, attitudes, values, diets, marijuana use, and personalities are seeking help. They have only two things in common: heavy use of today's Internet porn and increasing need for more extreme material.

寻求帮助的绝望年轻男性来自于不同文化背景，教育、宗教信仰、态度、价值观、饮食习惯、吸食大麻习惯、个性等各不相同。他们只有两个共同点：滥用网络色情，日益依赖更为极端的物质刺激。

Many have previously been to doctors, undergone various tests, and been declared "just fine" physically. Neither they nor their health care providers considered excessive porn use as a potential cause of their continued performance problems. Most were assured that "masturbation cannot cause erectile dysfunction." (Probably true, but unfortunately Internet porn use can.) The final diagnosis was generally "performance anxiety." Desperate, many also looked online. See this 900-post thread and this 300-post one.

很多人都曾看过医生，做过各种测试，被告知身体“健康”。他们和医生都没有想到，滥用色情也可能是其功能持续障碍的潜在诱因。大多数人都相信，“自慰不会导致勃起功能障碍。” （也许是对的，但不幸的是网络色情就会。）最终的诊断结果一般都是“焦虑导致功能障碍”。绝望之中，许多人也上网求助。看看这个900条帖子的话题和这个300条帖子的话题。

Is anxiety really the cause? Here's a simple test: Try to masturbate (alone) using no porn and no fantasy—only sensual touch. Use the same speed and pressure as you would during intercourse. How erect is your penis without porn? If your penis is not fully erect, or it takes effort to become erect, then the chances are that anxiety is not the source of your problems. Persistent performance problems can certainly lead to anxiety, however. As one man said after he recovered following three months without masturbation or porn: It's hard to tell where addiction ends and anxiety begins. I think a combination of the two is involved in a lot of situations. 

焦虑是真正的诱因吗？这儿有一个简单的测试：试一下单独自慰，不要用色情或性幻想——单纯用感官触摸。性交时采用同一节奏和力度。没有色情时阴茎勃起状况如何？如果你的阴茎没有完全勃起，或需要努力才能勃起，那么焦虑多半不是你问题的根源。不过，持续性的性功能障碍肯定会导致焦虑。一位男子戒断手淫和色情3个月后恢复正常，正如他所说：“很难说清楚上瘾后会怎么样，什么时候开始出现焦虑。我觉得很多情况下两者都在起作用。”

Not long ago, Italian urologists confirmed an erectile dysfunction-porn use connection via a large survey. When interviewed about the survey, urologist Carlo Foresta (head of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine and professor at the University of Padua) mentioned that 70 percent of the young men seeking clinical help for sexual performance problems admit to using Internet pornography habitually.

不久前，意大利泌尿科医生通过一项大型调查确认，勃起功能障碍和使用色情相关。在关于这项调查的采访中，泌尿科医生卡罗·傅雷斯塔（Carlo Foresta，意大利男性科学和性医学协会负责人、帕多瓦大学教授）提到，因性功能问题寻求医疗帮助的年轻男性有70％都承认有使用网络色情的习惯。

Recovery appears to take 6-12 weeks, and rests primarily on one factor: avoiding the extreme stimulation of Internet erotica. (Many also avoid masturbation for a time, either because at first they cannot masturbate without porn fantasy, or because climax triggers binging.)

恢复需要6-12周，主要依赖于一点：避免网络色情的极端刺激。（很多人也停止了一段时间的手淫，要么是因为一开始没有色情想象就无法手淫，要么是因为高潮引发毒瘾。）

Among those who recover, progression is surprisingly similar. Men typically report that after a few days of intense sexual cravings, their libido plummets and their penis seems "lifeless," "shrunken," or "cold." These "flatline" symptoms typically continue for up to six weeks on average, dependent upon age and intensity of porn use.

在那些康复的人中，康复进程惊人一致。男性一般报告说，经过几天强烈的性渴望，他们的性欲骤降，阴茎似乎“毫无生气”、“萎靡”、或“冰冷。”这种“乏闷”症状一般会持续平均6个星期，取决于年龄和色情使用的强度。

Gradually, morning erections return, followed by libido and, perhaps, occasional spontaneous erections. Finally, there is complete recovery of erectile health, sexual desire for real partners, sex becomes extremely pleasurable, and condom use is no longer problematic.

渐渐地，性欲恢复，可能偶尔自发勃起，早晨又会勃起了。最后，勃起完全恢复，对真实的性伙伴有了欲望，性行为变得非常愉快，使用安全套也没有问题了。

I am a 25-year old male, masturbating a lot from 13 and using porn from 14. Gradually, it took more to turn me on: bigger fantasies or harder porn, and I stopped getting hard without touching. During sex I would struggle to get an erection or keep it, especially for intercourse. Over the past 7 years I haven't held down a relationship, and the main reason for me has been this problem. Now the good news: When I realized the cause, I immediately gave up porn. Over the last 6 weeks I held off masturbating as much as I possibly could. (My best record was 9 days!) It all paid off. I just went away with a girl for the weekend and it was the best ever. I don't think I'm out of the woods yet. I still get pretty anxious from all the bad experiences over the years. But I just wanted to tell you all it can work, and it's well worth it!

我是一个25岁的男性，13岁起就经常自慰，14岁起开始用色情刺激。渐渐地，兴奋越来越困难：需要更疯狂的幻想或更黄的色情，不触摸就无法勃起。在性爱过程中，我要费很大劲才能勃起或保持勃起状态，特别是在性交过程中。过去7年，我无法维持固定关系，主要的原因就是这个问题。现在有了好消息：当我意识到原因后，我立刻放弃了色情。过去6个星期以来，我尽可能控制自己不自慰。（我最长的纪录是9天！）努力终有回报。周末我和一个女孩上床了，我最愉悦的一次。我觉得自己还没有完全走出来。这些年来的痛苦体验仍然使我很焦虑。但我只想告诉大家，这办法有用，值得一试！

Week 12, age 36 - I'm actually totally impressed how HUGE I get. It has been kinda hard to ignore. I mean, my erections are ROCK HARD and ENORMOUS. I remember asking other guys who went before me about when they noticed the return of their full erections. Well, I think I got mine back.

第12周，36岁——实际上，我所得到的回报之丰厚令我难以忘怀。真的是忘不了。我的意思是，我勃起时又大又硬，坚如岩石。我记得我问过比我先来的其他人，他们大约什么时候注意到又能够完全勃起了。哈哈，我想我又完全能行了。

How can porn cause sexual performance trouble?

色情如何导致性功能障碍？

The cause appears to be physiological, not psychological, given that such diverse men change only one variable (porn use), yet report a similar recovery pattern. For these men, anxiety is secondary.

鉴于这些不同的男性只有一个变量（使用色情）发生改变就出现类似的康复模式，原因似乎是生理性的，而非心理性的。对于这些人，焦虑是次要的。

Recent behavioral addiction research suggests that the loss of libido and performance occur because heavy users are numbing their brain's normal response to pleasure. Years of overriding the natural limits of libido with intense stimulation desensitize the user's response to a neurochemical called dopamine.

最近的行为成瘾研究表明，性欲和性功能损失是因为瘾君子们的大脑对于愉悦的正常反应麻木了。长年超过性欲自然限度的强烈刺激降低了使用者对一种名为多巴胺的神经化学物质的感受灵敏度。

Dopamine is behind motivation, "wanting" and all addictions. It drives the search for rewards. We get little spurts of it every time we bump into anything potentially rewarding, novel, surprising, or even anxiety-producing.

动机、“欲望”和瘾症的背后是多巴胺。它驱使我们寻求快感。每次我们遇到可能有快感、新奇、令人惊喜、甚至产生焦虑的东西，它就喷出一小点。

Animal models have established that both sexual desire and erections arise from dopamine signals. Normally, dopamine-producing nerve cells in the reward circuitry activate the sexual (libido) centers of the hypothalamus, which in turn activate the erection centers in the spinal cord, which send nerve impulses to the genitalia. A steady stream of nerve impulses, which release nitric oxide into the penis and its blood vessels, maintain an erection.

动物模型已经证实，多巴胺发出信号引起性欲和勃起。正常情况下，控制快感的神经链路中产生多巴胺的神经细胞激活下丘脑的性欲中心，性欲中心又激活脊髓中的勃起中心，勃起中心把神经脉冲发送到生殖器。源源不断的神经脉冲释放一氧化氮进入阴茎及其血管，维持勃起。

Nitric oxide in turn stimulates the blood vessel dilator cGMP, the on/off switch for engorgement and erection. The more cGMP is available the more durable the erection. So, the pathway from the brain to an erection is:

一氧化氮刺激血管扩张肌的环鸟苷酸（cGMP），环鸟苷酸是充血和勃起的开关。环鸟苷酸越多，勃起越持久。所以说，从大脑到勃起的途径是：

Reward circuitry (dopamine) > hypothalamus > spinal cord > nerves > penis

快感链路（多巴胺）>下丘脑>脊髓>神经>阴茎

Erections start with dopamine and end with cGMP. Sexual enhancement drugs work by inhibiting the breakdown of cGMP, thus allowing it to accumulate in the penis. Yet if the patient's brain isn't producing enough signals in the first place, ED drugs will not increase libido or pleasure even if they (sometimes) produce an erection.

勃起始于多巴胺，终止于环鸟苷酸。增强性欲的药物就是通过维持环鸟苷酸，使之积聚在阴茎里而起作用的。然而，如果病人的大脑首先就不能产生足够的信号，即使他们（有时）产生勃起，治疗阳痿的药物也不能增强性欲或快感。

My ED is definitely porn-related because even erection pills do little but sometimes help enough to penetrate or get an erection. But, NEVER is the feeling good...because I still don't feel anything. I've lost most, if not all my sensitivity.

我的勃起功能障碍是绝对和色情有关，因为用勃起丸也没什么效果，只是有时能帮我插入或勃起。但是，感觉总是很糟……因为我仍然没有什么感觉。我的敏感快没了，如果还不算是完全丧失的话。

In the case of age-related erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular conditions or diabetes, the primary weak link tends to be the nerves, blood vessels, and penis. However, for men with porn-induced erectile dysfunction, the weak link is not the penis, but rather the desensitized dopamine system in the brain.

在与年龄相关的勃起功能障碍、心血管疾病或糖尿病的病例中，主要的薄弱环节往往是神经、血管和阴茎。然而，色情诱发勃起功能障碍的男性，薄弱环节不是阴茎，而是大脑中麻木的多巴胺系统。

The relevance of recent addiction brain science

脑科学关于瘾症的最近研究

In the last decade or so, addiction researchers have discovered that too much dopamine stimulation has a paradoxical effect. The brain decreases its ability to respond to dopamine signals (desensitization). This occurs with all addictions, both chemical and natural. In some porn users, the response to dopamine is dropping so low that they can't achieve an erection without constant hits of dopamine via the Internet.

在过去十年左右的时间里，瘾症研究人员发现，过多的多巴胺刺激有逆反效果。大脑降低其对多巴胺信号的反应能力（脱敏）。所有的瘾症都会发生这种现象，不管是化学成瘾还是自然成瘾。有些色情用户对多巴胺的反应灵敏度非常之低，不通过网络寻求持续的多巴胺刺激就无法勃起。

Erotic words, pictures, and videos have been around a long while, but the Internet makes possible a never-ending stream of dopamine spikes. Today's users can force its release by watching porn in multiple windows, searching endlessly, fast-forwarding to the bits they find hottest, switching to live sex chat, viewing constant novelty, firing up their mirror neurons with video action and cam-2-cam, or escalating to extreme genres and anxiety-producing material. It's all free, easy to access, available within seconds, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Overstimulation of the reward circuitry in the brain is a very real possibility today.

色情文字、图片和视频的出现已经不是一天两天了，但网络可能造就永无休止的多巴胺水平升高。当今的用户可以强迫多巴胺释放，打开多个窗口观摩色情、无休止地搜索色情内容、快进到他们觉得最刺激的那部分、转到色情聊天、观看不断变换的新奇花样，用色情画面和视频聊天或者是极端的和诱发焦虑的色情内容让自己的神经元虚幻地燃烧起来。而这一切都是免费的，几秒钟内就能到手，全天候可以访问。过度刺激大脑中的快感链路在今天真是不费吹灰之力。

Many men don't realize their brain's sensitivity is declining toward normal sex because Internet erotica delivers endless dopamine hits—making erection and climax possible where normal encounters would not. When they try to have actual intercourse and cannot, they understandably panic.

许多男性没有意识到，他们的大脑对于正常性行为的敏感度在下降，因为网络色情提供了无休止的多巴胺刺激，形成了正常情况下不可能的勃起和高潮。当他们无法正常性交时自然就会恐慌，这也可以理解。

The brain changes causing porn-induced erectile dysfunction arise from actual physical addiction processes (among them, numbing of the pleasure response of the brain). Quitting can therefore be quite challenging. In addition to an alarming temporary drop in libido, some men experience withdrawal symptoms: insomnia, irritability, panic, despair, concentration problems, and even flu-like symptoms. Finding a good counselor who understands addiction, and why today's porn has different effects from viewing a Playboy magazine, can be very helpful.

引起色情诱发的勃起功能障碍的大脑变化实际上是物理成瘾过程（其中就有大脑的快感反应麻木）。因此，断瘾可是相当具有挑战性的。除了性欲暂时性急剧下降，一些男性还会经历戒断症状：失眠、烦躁、恐慌、绝望、精力不集中等问题，甚至出现类似流感的症状。找一个了解瘾症、明白为什么今天的色情与看《花花公子》不同的好顾问，也许很有帮助。

The brain needs a chance to "reboot," that is, return to normal dopamine sensitivity. This can take a couple of months. For a science teacher's explanation of the science behind porn-related erectile dysfunction, see this video presentation: Erectile Dysfunction and Porn.

大脑需要“重新启动”的机会，也就是说，恢复到正常的多巴胺敏感性。这可能需要几个月。如要了解科学教师解释色情诱发的勃起功能障碍背后的科学，请看这段视频：勃起功能障碍与色情。

Most men are astonished to learn that pornography use can be a source of sexual performance problems. Instead, many are becoming convinced that ED at twenty-something is normal. They are amazed that heavy porn use can affect them adversely, that no one told them it could affect them, and  that humans have actually masturbated without porn. There is almost total ignorance about the significance for porn users of the recent discoveries of addiction science.

大多数男性得知色情可能是性功能障碍的原因时，都很惊奇。相反，许多人都相信，二十几岁出现阳萎很正常。他们很惊讶，经常使用色情会不利于性功能，也没有人告诉过他们这些，而人居然不依靠色情也能自慰。科学最近的研究发现，有色情瘾症的人对此几乎完全无知。

If you are suffering from youthful ED, and wish to restore your potency, be optimistic. As one man said after his successful two-month experiment:

如果你也年轻、深受勃起功能障碍之苦，并希望重振雄风，乐观些。正如一位男性经历了2个月的成功试验后说：

A few facts:

有几点事实：

1. This is 100% fixable.

1．这是100％可治愈的。

2. It will likely be one of the most difficult things you've ever done.

2．它可能会是你经历的最困难的事情之一。

3. If you ever want a normal sex life again, you kinda don't have another choice.

3．如果你想再次过正常的性生活，你还真是别无选择。

For information and recovery accounts, see: Is my erectile dysfunction related to my porn use?

更多信息和关于康复的描述，请参阅：我的勃起功能障碍与使用色情有关吗？