不朽金身:VTP实验报告

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.1 实验任务在Catalyst 2950交换机上配置VTP 1.2 实验环境和网络拓扑 1.3 完成标准(1)    按照拓扑图要求连接交换机，在VTP服务器上配置VLAN，配置为VTP客户机的交换机能够学习到VLAN信息，不能添加、删除和修改VLAN。(2)    配置为透明模式的交换机可以自己添加、删除和修改VLAN，但是不学习VLAN信息。  2．详细操作步骤 Step 1: 配置交换机的VTP       (1) 配置交换机的A、B和C的VTP域为Benet 交换机A配置如下：Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname A                 //配置交换机名为A*Mar  1 00:00:44.671: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleA(config)#interface f0/0                            //配置端口0为中继端口连接交换机BA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk*Mar  1 00:21:45.123: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunkA(config-if)#exitA(config)#exitA#vlan databaseA(vlan)#vtp domain benet                   //配置VTP域为benetChanging VTP domain name from NULL to benet 交换机B配置如下：Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname B*Mar  1 00:00:44.671: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleB(config)#interface f0/0                      //配置端口0为中继端口连接交换机AB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk*Mar  1 00:18:28.991: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunkB(config)#interface f0/1                      //配置端口1为中继端口连接交换机CB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk*Mar  1 00:18:38.791: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunkB(config-if)#exitA(config)#exitB#vlan databaseB(vlan)#vtp domain benet                   //配置VTP域为benetChanging VTP domain name from NULL to benet 交换机C配置如下：Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname C*Mar  1 00:01:12.647: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by cosoleC(config)#interface f0/0                      //配置端口0为中继端口连接交换机C(config-if)#switchport mode trunk*Mar  1 00:16:39.635: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunkC(config-if)#exitA(config)#exitC#vlanC#vlan databaseC(vlan)#vtp domain benet                   //配置VTP域为benetChanging VTP domain name from NULL to benet  (2) 配置交换机A、B和C的VTP工作模式分别为Server、Transparent和Client 交换机A配置如下：A(vlan)#vtp server                             //配置交换机A的VTP工作模式为ServerDevice mode already VTP SERVER.A(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....A#show vtp statusVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0                //配置修改编号从0开始Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 5VTP Operating Mode              : ServerVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x36 0xC7 0xEE 0x81 0xF1 0x23 0x1A 0x21Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found) 交换机B配置如下：B(vlan)#vtp transparent                       //配置交换机B的VTP工作模式为TransparentSetting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode.B(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....B#show vtp statusVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0                //配置修改编号从0开始Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 5VTP Operating Mode              : TransparentVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x36 0xC7 0xEE 0x81 0xF1 0x23 0x1A 0x21Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00 交换机C配置如下：C(vlan)#vtp client                              //配置交换机C的VTP工作模式为ClientSetting device to VTP CLIENT mode.C(vlan)#exitIn CLIENT state, no apply attempted.Exiting....C#show vtp statusVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0                //配置修改编号从0开始Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 5VTP Operating Mode              : ClientVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x36 0xC7 0xEE 0x81 0xF1 0x23 0x1A 0x21Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00  Step 2: 配置交换机的VLAN，并验证VTP各模式的特点       (1) 在交换机A上配置VLAN2和VLAN3 交换机A配置如下：A#vlan databaseA(vlan)#vlan 2 name VLAN2              //配置VLAN2和VLAN3VLAN 2 added:    Name: VLAN2A(vlan)#vlan 3 name VLAN3VLAN 3 added:    Name: VLAN3A(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....A#show vlan-switch VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3                                                Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7                                                Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11                                                Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/152    VLAN2                            active3    VLAN3                            active1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10032    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      03    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      01002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0  交换机B配置如下：B#show vlan-switch VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3                                                Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7                                                Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11                                                Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15                                                Fa1/0, Fa1/1, Fa1/2, Fa1/3                                                Fa1/4, Fa1/5, Fa1/6, Fa1/7                                                Fa1/8, Fa1/9, Fa1/10, Fa1/11                                                Fa1/12, Fa1/13, Fa1/14, Fa1/15//因为交换机B的VTP模式为Transparent，在此不同步Server上的VLAN配置1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10031002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0  交换机C配置如下：C#show vlan-switch VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/152    VLAN2                            active3    VLAN3                            active//因为交换机C的VTP模式为Client，在此同步Server上的VLAN配置1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10032    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      03    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      01002 fddi  101002     1500  -      0      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0         (2) 在交换机B上配置VLAN4和VLAN5 B#vlan databaseB(vlan)#vlan 4 name VLAN4                            //配置VLAN4和VLAN5VLAN 4 added:    Name: VLAN4B(vlan)#vlan 5 name VLAN5VLAN 5 added:    Name: VLAN5B(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....B#show vlan-s VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa1/0, Fa1/1                                                Fa1/2, Fa1/3, Fa1/4, Fa1/5                                                Fa1/6, Fa1/7, Fa1/8, Fa1/9                                                Fa1/10, Fa1/11, Fa1/12, Fa1/13                                                Fa1/14, Fa1/154    VLAN4                            active5    VLAN5                            active1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10034    enet  100004     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      05    enet  100005     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0 VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0 交换机A配置如下：A#show vlan-sVLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/152    VLAN2                            active3    VLAN3                            active//因为交换机B的VTP模式为Transparent，在此不同步Server上的VLAN配置1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10032    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      03    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      01002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0 交换机C配置如下：C#show vlan-switch VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/152    VLAN2                            active3    VLAN3                            active//因为交换机B的VTP模式为Transparent，在此不同步Server上的VLAN配置1002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10032    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      03    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      01002 fddi  101002     1500  -      0      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      10021004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0   Step 3: 配置交换机的VTP口令(1)    配置交换机A的VTP口令，添加VLAN6 交换机A配置如下：A#vlan dA(vlan)#vtp password cisco                        //配置VTP口令为ciscoSetting device VLAN database password to cisco.A(vlan)#vlan 6 name VLAN6                     //添加VLAN6VLAN 6 added:    Name: VLAN6A(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....A#A#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 2                //以上操作导致配置修改编号增加Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 8VTP Operating Mode              : ServerVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledA con0 is now available         : 0x54 0xA2 0xFA 0x30 0x7D 0x9D 0x3C 0xC7Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:09:07Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found) 交换机B配置如下：B#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0     //交换机B为Transparent工作模式，不同步VTP中VLAN信息，配置修改编号无变化Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 7VTP Operating Mode              : TransparentVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0xA2 0xD1 0x76 0x41 0x79 0xF4 0x7F 0x4DConfiguration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:07:14 交换机C配置如下：C#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 1    //同步Server的VLAN2、VLAN3，配置修改该编号增加，但没有设置VTP口令，针对Server后两次动作没有同步，配置修改编号没有增加Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 7VTP Operating Mode              : ClientVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0xC0 0xD6 0xEA 0xAC 0x21 0x06 0x71 0x4BConfiguration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:03:55 (2)    配置交换机B和C的VTP命令 交换机A配置如下：B#vlan dB(vlan)#vtp password cisco                        //配置VTP口令为ciscoSetting device VLAN database password to cisco.B(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....B#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 7VTP Operating Mode              : TransparentVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0xE7 0x04 0xDD 0xBA 0x5D 0x21 0x32 0x19Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:12:24  交换机C配置如下：C#vlan dC(vlan)#vtp password cisco                        //配置VTP口令为ciscoSetting device VLAN database password to cisco.C(vlan)#exitIn CLIENT state, no apply attempted.Exiting....C#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 2                  //修改口令后同步Server的VLAN信息导致配置修改编号增加Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 8VTP Operating Mode              : ClientVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : DisabledVTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x54 0xA2 0xFA 0x30 0x7D 0x9D 0x3C 0xC7Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:09:07C#show vlan-s VLAN Name                             Status    Ports---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4                                                Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8                                                Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12                                                Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/152    VLAN2                            active3    VLAN3                            active6    VLAN6                            active       //与Server同步VLAN61002 fddi-default                     active1003 token-ring-default               active1004 fddinet-default                  active1005 trnet-default                    active VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        1002   10032    enet  100002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      03    enet  100003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      06    enet  100006     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      01002 fddi  101002     1500  -      0      -        -    -        1      10031003 tr    101003     1500  1005   0      -        -    srb      1      1002 VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      01005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      1        ibm  -        0      0  Step 4: 配置VTP修剪       在交换机A、B和C上配置VTP修剪 交换机A配置如下：A#vlan dA(vlan)#vtp pruning                           //配置VTP修剪Pruning switched ONA(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....A#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 3                       //以上操作导致配置修改标号增加Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 8VTP Operating Mode              : ServerVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : Enabled               //VTP剪切状态开启VTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x5B 0xA1 0xB8 0x83 0x26 0xF0 0x94 0xB8Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:12:48Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found) 交换机B配置如下：B#vlan dB(vlan)#vtp pruning                           //配置VTP修剪Pruning switched ONB(vlan)#exitAPPLY completed.Exiting....B#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 0Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 7VTP Operating Mode              : TransparentVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : Enabled               //VTP剪切状态开启VTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0xE7 0x04 0xDD 0xBA 0x5D 0x21 0x32 0x19Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:12:24 交换机C配置如下：C(vlan)#vtp pruning                           //配置VTP修剪Pruning already switched on.C(vlan)#exitIn CLIENT state, no apply attempted.Exiting....C#show vtp sVTP Version                     : 2Configuration Revision          : 3                //同步Server导致配置修改编号增加Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256Number of existing VLANs        : 8VTP Operating Mode              : ClientVTP Domain Name                 : benetVTP Pruning Mode                : Enabled               //VTP剪切状态开启VTP V2 Mode                     : DisabledVTP Traps Generation            : DisabledMD5 digest                      : 0x5B 0xA1 0xB8 0x83 0x26 0xF0 0x94 0xB8Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:12:48 3．实验总结        通过使用VTP协议，交换机之间能够互相传递VLAN信息，实现了VLAN的统一配置和统一管理。此实验简单描述了VTP的配置过程，配置要点为： l         交换机的VTP工作模式：Server、Client和Transparent。Server模式下交换机可控制它所在域中Vlan的生成和修改；Client模式下交换机不允许管理员创建、修改或删除；Transparent模式下交换机不参与VTP，只转发VTP通告消息，但它可以创建和删除本地Vlan。l         每个VTP设备会纪录自己的VTP配置修改编号；VTP通告会包含发送者的VTP配置修改编号，这一信息用于确认接受到的信息是否比当前的信息更新。每个VTP通告从配置版本号0开始。每当发生变化时，配置版本编号加1。l         在交换机上配置VTP口令，用于保证网络内交换机VLAN配置的安全性。同一VTP域内的交换机，口令配置要一致。l         VTP通过修剪来减少没有必要扩散的通信量，提高中继链路的带宽利用率。
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