腰上的赘肉怎么减图解:小结现在分词的用法

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小结现在分词的用法

河北 砚田

    非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。

    一、现在分词的两个基本特点。

    1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家, boiled water 白开水, risen sun 升起的太阳)

    2. 在语态上表示主动。例如: the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级。(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class 被剥削阶级)

    二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。

    1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如:

    ① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light. (MET 1989)

    A. followed B. following

    C. to be followed D. being followed

    分析: B 。表示主动的动作,句意是:雷声跟着闪电。此处的 following = which followed 。

    ② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.

    A. fly B. flying

    C. flew D. to be flying

    分析: B 。表示正在进行的动作,句意是:正在飞的鸟。此处的 a flying bird = a bird which was flying 。

    ③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech.

    A. excite B. exciting

    C. excited D. be excited

    分析: B 。表示被修饰词 speech 的性质和特征,此处的 the exciting speech = the speech that/which was exciting 。

    2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如:

    ① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____________ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET 1994)

    A. having added B. to add

    C. adding D. added

    分析: C 。句意:来访的大臣表示了对谈判的满意,同时又补充说道他呆在这里很愉快。 adding 作伴随状语,表示主动的动作。所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。

    ② European football is played in more than 80 countries, __________ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 1998)

    A. making B. makes

    C. made D. to make

    分析: A 。句意:欧式足球在 80 多个国家开展,其结果是它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。 making 是现在分词作结果状语。

    ③ ________ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.

    A. Seeing B. Seen

    C. Saw D. To be seeing

    分析: A 。 Seeing 是逻辑主语就是主句的主语 we ,表示正在进行的主动动作。

    3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如:

    ① Soon they could see the steam _________ from the wet clothes.

    A. rise B. rising

    C. risen D. be rising

    分析: B 。句意:很快他们看见蒸汽从湿衣服上升起。 rising 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的动作。

    ② The missing boys were last seen ________ near the river. (NMET 1994)

    A. playing B. to be playing

    C. play D. to play

    分析: A 。句意:失踪的男孩们最后被看到时是他们正在河边玩耍。现在分词作主语补足语。

    4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如:

    ① With his lips still ________, he couldn't say a word.

    A. trembling B. tremble

    C. to tremble D. to be trembling

    分析: B 。句意:他说不出话,因为他的嘴唇在颤动。这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构作原因状语,表示正在进行的动作。

    ②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。)

    ③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城。(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。)