阴影面积计算 奥数:高三it句型考点分析
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“It”句型一直是近几年NMET命题的热点,同时也是日常教与学的重点和难点。在教材和练习中频频出现,由于其繁杂多变,尤其是一些近似句型的辨析,常使同学们望而却步。笔者在平时的教学中,注意收集这样的句子,现将这些句子分类整理并作一简析,希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。
1.①It is 3 years ________ he joined the army.
②It will be 3 years ________ we meet again.
③Tom told me that it was 3 years ________ he had left school.
A.before
B.after
C.since
D.when
析:①C,②A,③C。做这类题目应从时态入手。句①是一个主从复合句,该句型常是:It+is(has been)+some time+since sb.did sth.主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,而从句则用一般过去时。句②为It will be (was)+some time before sb.does(did) sth.“多久某人干…”。主句要用一般将来时或一般过去时,before引导的从句则用对应的 一般现在时或一般过去时。又如:
It wasn’t long before we met again.
不久我们又见面了。
句③与句①是同一句型,只不过该句型出现在told引导的宾语从句之中了,故用了was和 had left 的形式。
2.①________ is wellknown to us all that the earth is round.
②________ is wellknown to us all,the earth is round.
A.That
B.As
C.It
D.Which
析:①C,②B。句①中it是形式主语,真正的主语是从句“that the earth is round ”。句②中as引导一非限制性定语从句,代替后面整句内容,置于句首。
3.①Was it the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?
②Was it in the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.both A and B
析:①B,②A。句①的先行词是the house,后面为一个定语从句,所以可填where或in which。句②为强调句型。判断一个句子是否是强调句型,先把it is…that…这一结构抛开,看其余部分能否构成一个完整的句子。那么,句①还原为Abraham Lincoln was born the house.the house之前缺少介词in,故不为强调句了。句②则相符,故选that。
4.①It’s very kind ________ you to help us.
②It’s very important ________ us to keep the balance of nature.
A.for
B.of
C.to
D.with
析:①B,②A。在句①中,常见的形容词有kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever 等。他们用来修饰人,表示人物的品质或性格特征。句①可变为You’re very kind to help us.所以选B。而句②则不可,因其形容词只能修饰后面的不定式,故用for。
5.①________ no wonder that he has passed the exam.
②________ no need for you to wait here.
A.There being
B.It was
C.It is
D.There is
析:①C,②D。句①为“无怪…”之意,it为形式主语,that从句为真正主语,该句型还常以No wonder…,Small wonder…或Little wonder…等省略形式出现。又如:No wonder he was punished by his father。句②为固定句型,多为否定句或疑问句。又如:Is there any need to explain further?有必要更进一步说明吗?
6.①It is strange that he ________ the work in 3 days.
②It is possible that he ________ the work in 3 days.
A.can finish
B.is finishing
C.should finish
D.finish
析:①C,②A。在it is necessary(important,strange,natural)等结构的句子中,其后的主语从句用虚拟语气,结构为“should+动词原形”。
7.①It is (high) time that we ________ to school.
②It is the second time that we ________ to Beijing.
A.go
B.went
C.have been
D.have gone
析:①B,②C。句①为It is (high)time 引导的定语从句,应用虚拟语气,其结构为“过去式或should+动词原形”,should不可省略。句②的先行词time由序数词修饰,从句要用完成时态,且时态要和主句保持一致。又如:
It (This/That)was the third time that he had been invited to our school.
It’ll be the fourth time that he’ll have been there.
8.①________ doesn’t matter much whether he’ll come to the party.
②I feel ________ an honour to be invited to speak here.
A.this(This)
B.it(It)
C.that(That)
D.what(What)
析:①B,②B。在句①和句②中it分别作形式主语和形式宾语,故不能用this或that代替。
9.①It’s no good ________ such a thing.
②It’s of no importance ________ such a thing.
A.do
B.to do
C.doing
D.done
析:①C,②B。句①常用doing作真正的主语,故选C。类似句型还有It’s no use (useless)crying over the spilt milk.句②则只能用不定式作真正主语。再如It’s important/helpful/good/necessary/possible/right/
wrong+to do…。
10.①It is hoped that you ________ there on time.
②It is advised that you ________ there on time.
A.arrive
B.should arrive
C.will arrive
D.both A and B
析:①C,②D。句①是it作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。主从句时态一致是解题的关键。类似句型有:It’s said/believed/hoped/expected/reported/announced/whispered that…等等。做这类题目时,还应注意其转变题型。例如:
(NMET’99) Robert is said ________ abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied
B.to study
C.to be studying
D.to have been studying
如果把首句变为It is said that Robert ________,再结合后面的“studied”便可轻易得出答案A。
句②It is advised that…=sb.advises that,所以仍需用虚拟语气,谓语动词为should do或do的形式。类似的句型还有It is insisted/ordered/suggested/demanded/required /requested that…等等。
1.①It is 3 years ________ he joined the army.
②It will be 3 years ________ we meet again.
③Tom told me that it was 3 years ________ he had left school.
A.before
B.after
C.since
D.when
析:①C,②A,③C。做这类题目应从时态入手。句①是一个主从复合句,该句型常是:It+is(has been)+some time+since sb.did sth.主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,而从句则用一般过去时。句②为It will be (was)+some time before sb.does(did) sth.“多久某人干…”。主句要用一般将来时或一般过去时,before引导的从句则用对应的 一般现在时或一般过去时。又如:
It wasn’t long before we met again.
不久我们又见面了。
句③与句①是同一句型,只不过该句型出现在told引导的宾语从句之中了,故用了was和 had left 的形式。
2.①________ is wellknown to us all that the earth is round.
②________ is wellknown to us all,the earth is round.
A.That
B.As
C.It
D.Which
析:①C,②B。句①中it是形式主语,真正的主语是从句“that the earth is round ”。句②中as引导一非限制性定语从句,代替后面整句内容,置于句首。
3.①Was it the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?
②Was it in the house ________ Abraham Lincoln was born?
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.both A and B
析:①B,②A。句①的先行词是the house,后面为一个定语从句,所以可填where或in which。句②为强调句型。判断一个句子是否是强调句型,先把it is…that…这一结构抛开,看其余部分能否构成一个完整的句子。那么,句①还原为Abraham Lincoln was born the house.the house之前缺少介词in,故不为强调句了。句②则相符,故选that。
4.①It’s very kind ________ you to help us.
②It’s very important ________ us to keep the balance of nature.
A.for
B.of
C.to
D.with
析:①B,②A。在句①中,常见的形容词有kind,good,nice,foolish,stupid,wrong,clever 等。他们用来修饰人,表示人物的品质或性格特征。句①可变为You’re very kind to help us.所以选B。而句②则不可,因其形容词只能修饰后面的不定式,故用for。
5.①________ no wonder that he has passed the exam.
②________ no need for you to wait here.
A.There being
B.It was
C.It is
D.There is
析:①C,②D。句①为“无怪…”之意,it为形式主语,that从句为真正主语,该句型还常以No wonder…,Small wonder…或Little wonder…等省略形式出现。又如:No wonder he was punished by his father。句②为固定句型,多为否定句或疑问句。又如:Is there any need to explain further?有必要更进一步说明吗?
6.①It is strange that he ________ the work in 3 days.
②It is possible that he ________ the work in 3 days.
A.can finish
B.is finishing
C.should finish
D.finish
析:①C,②A。在it is necessary(important,strange,natural)等结构的句子中,其后的主语从句用虚拟语气,结构为“should+动词原形”。
7.①It is (high) time that we ________ to school.
②It is the second time that we ________ to Beijing.
A.go
B.went
C.have been
D.have gone
析:①B,②C。句①为It is (high)time 引导的定语从句,应用虚拟语气,其结构为“过去式或should+动词原形”,should不可省略。句②的先行词time由序数词修饰,从句要用完成时态,且时态要和主句保持一致。又如:
It (This/That)was the third time that he had been invited to our school.
It’ll be the fourth time that he’ll have been there.
8.①________ doesn’t matter much whether he’ll come to the party.
②I feel ________ an honour to be invited to speak here.
A.this(This)
B.it(It)
C.that(That)
D.what(What)
析:①B,②B。在句①和句②中it分别作形式主语和形式宾语,故不能用this或that代替。
9.①It’s no good ________ such a thing.
②It’s of no importance ________ such a thing.
A.do
B.to do
C.doing
D.done
析:①C,②B。句①常用doing作真正的主语,故选C。类似句型还有It’s no use (useless)crying over the spilt milk.句②则只能用不定式作真正主语。再如It’s important/helpful/good/necessary/possible/right/
wrong+to do…。
10.①It is hoped that you ________ there on time.
②It is advised that you ________ there on time.
A.arrive
B.should arrive
C.will arrive
D.both A and B
析:①C,②D。句①是it作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。主从句时态一致是解题的关键。类似句型有:It’s said/believed/hoped/expected/reported/announced/whispered that…等等。做这类题目时,还应注意其转变题型。例如:
(NMET’99) Robert is said ________ abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied
B.to study
C.to be studying
D.to have been studying
如果把首句变为It is said that Robert ________,再结合后面的“studied”便可轻易得出答案A。
句②It is advised that…=sb.advises that,所以仍需用虚拟语气,谓语动词为should do或do的形式。类似的句型还有It is insisted/ordered/suggested/demanded/required /requested that…等等。
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