周润发多少岁:中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(字母K、L、M、N)
中学生英语学习常见错误一览表(字母K、L、M、N)
日积月累
K
keep
[误] She was keeping something to her father.
[正] She was keeping something from her father.
[析] "对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型。
[误] He kept to repeat the word again and again.
[正] He kept repeating the word again and again.
[析] keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如: When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如: He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
[误] We must keep up the times.
[正] We must keep up with the times.
[析] 这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keep up with是"赶上"之意,而keep up则是"坚持下去"的意思,如: Keep it up, don't stop now!
key
[误] I lost the key of the door.
[正] I lost the key to the door.
[析] 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key, entrance, answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为key to the door, "高速公路入口"为entrance to the highway, "问题的答案"为the answer (key) to the question.
kind
[误] This kind of books are not good.
[正] This kind of books is not good.
[析] kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。
kind sort type
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如: What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)
knock
[误] Someone was knocking the door.
[正] Someone was knocking at the door.
[析] knock虽可以作及物动词,如: The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词: knock at (on) the door.
know
[误] I want to know to play this game.
[正] I want to know how to play this game.
[析] 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.
know know of
I know him.为"我很了解他。"而I know of him. 则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。
L
large
[误] He found a large number of mistake in his homework.
[正] He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.
[析] "a large number of + 复数名词",意为大量的。
last
[误] This is the newest news.
[正] This is the latest news.
[析] "最新消息"应为latest news,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。
last the last
[误] I saw my brother the last week.
[正] I saw my brother last week.
[析] 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词,the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如: That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如: I am busy for the last week.
late
[误] Yesterday I went home lately.
[正] Yesterday I went home late.
[析] late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如: I haven't seen her lately.
late latter later lately
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲: See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如: the former president(前总统)。又如: I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事,如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)
lay
[误] We lied on the beach.
[正] We lay on the beach.
[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:
lay (vt. 放) laid laid laying
lie(vi. 躺) lay lain cying
lie(vi. 说谎) lied lied lying
learn
[误] The teacher said:"You must study this poem by heart."
[正] The teacher said:"You must learn this poem by heart."
[析] study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如: I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。
leave
[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[析] leave for一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leave forget
[误] I've forgotten my homework at home.
[正] I've forgotten my homework.
[正] I've left my homework at home.
[析] 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.
lesson
[误] I have two lessons of English.
[正] I have two English lessons.
[正] I have two lessons in English.
[析] "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如: Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
lend
[误] Please borrow me your bike.
[正] Please lend me your bike.
[析] borrow是指"借入",如: I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出",如: I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久": 如 How long can I keep it?
less
[误] He has fewer money than she has.
[正] He has less money than she has.
[析] less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。
let
[误] The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[正] The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[析] 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误] Let's go to the park, will you?
[正] Let's go to the park, shall we?
[误] Let us go to the park, shall we?
[正] Let us go to the park, will you?
[析] Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?
life
[误] Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
[正] Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
[析] life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如: Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如: Life is not all fun.
light
[误] There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
[正] There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
[析] light有两个过去分词: lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词,如: The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词,如: The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词,如: The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如: This box is light. I like light blue.
like
[误] My sister is very as me.
[正] My sister is very like me.
[析] as 作为连词其后要接从句,如: She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词,其后接宾语。
[误] Do you like swimming with me tonight.
[正] Would you like to swim with me tonight.
[析] like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如: I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如: I like swimming very much.
like alike
作为形容词,alike 一般不作定语,而只作表语,如; The twins are very alike.
[误] Would you like swimming with us?
[正] Would you like to swim with us?
[析] 在would you like…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点: ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。
listen
[误] You should hear the teahcer's advice.
[正] You should listen to the teacher's advice.
[析] hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如: We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
little
[误] Don't worry, there is little time.
[正] Don't worry, there is a little time.
[误] There is a little water. Shall I get some?
[正] There is little water. Shall I get some?
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"
little small
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如: a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语,如: The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。
live
[误] Tom lives with his parents' money.
[正] Tom lives on his parents' money.
[误] He lives on teaching.
[正] He lives by teaching.
[析] "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。
living alive
living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如: My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如: Is that cat alive or dead?
lonely
[误] She wanted to do her homework lonely.
[正] She wanted to do her homework alone.
[析] lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如: The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如: He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
long
[误] I have been studying long for the exam.
[正] I have been studying for a long time for the exam.
[析] long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外,一般要用for a long time.
[误] I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.
[正] I'll call you as long as the book is returned.
[析] as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。
[误] How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[正] How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[析] 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用how often.
look
look for find
look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作,如: What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果,如: It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。
其他用法还有:
[例] He often looks back on his highschool days.
[析] look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。
[例] I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.
[析] look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。
[误] I'm looking forward to see you.
[正] I'm looking forward to seeing you.
[析] look forward to词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。
lot
[误] I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.
[正] I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.
[析] much money多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用a lot of.lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。
[误] He is more happier now.
[正] He is a lot happier now.
[析] 不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。
loud loudly
这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak, shout, laugh等动词连用,如:Don't speak so loud, you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.
loud aloud
loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:-What did you say?-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)
M
make
[误] The little boy was made repeat the whole story.
[正] The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.
[误] The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.
[正] The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.
[析] make 的句型为"make somebody do (doing) something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。
[误] I always do this mistake.
[正] I always make this mistake.
[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如: do a favour(帮个忙),do one's best(竭尽全力),do good(有益), do harm(有害),而多数情况下常用make, 如: make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床),make a noise, make money等等。
[误] This wine was made of grapes.
[正] This wine was made from grapes.
[析] 当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from,否则用make of, 如: This door was made of iron.
[误] Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.
[正] Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.
[析] make up是"创造"、"编织",而make up for是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"
[误] We made up our mind to study hard.
[正] We made up our minds to study hard.
[析] mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是"下定决心"之意。
[误] Our class is made of twenty girls and twentyone boys.
[正] Our class is made up of twenty girls and twentyone boys.
[析] make up of…是"某物由……组成或构成"。
many
[误] I have many friends.
[正] I have a lot of friends.
[析] many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:
-How much money have you got?
-I've got plenty.
[误] You bought much too tomatoes.
[正] You bought too many tomatoes.
[析] too many后接可数名词,too much后接不可数名词,而much too后面接形容词,意为"太多"。
[误] For many a weeks it rained a lot.
[正] For many a week it rained a lot.
[析] many a意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词
。
matter
[误] No matter what you did.
[正] No matter what you did, I trusted you.
[析] No matter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。
it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如: It doesn't mater what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。)
maybe
[误] May be he is right.
[正] Maybe he is right.
[析] maybe是副词,不要错用为may be.
maybe perhaps
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如: Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.
mend
[误] I want to have my bike mended.
[正] I want to have my bike repaired.
[析] mend意为"缝补",如: My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理"。
mind
[误] Could you mind to close the door?
[正] Could you mind closing the door?
[误] Try to make up your mind studying hard.
[正] Try to make up your mind to study hard.
[析] mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语: 如果你不介意,应回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes, please don't."
miss
[误] I found my bag missed.
[正] I found my bag missing.
[析] missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如: I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing, gone, lost等,如: I found my bag missing (gone, lost).
mistake
[误] I took your pen by wrong.
[正] I took your pen by mistake.
[析] by mistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而by mistake为"弄混了"。如:
[误] If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.
[正] If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。)
[误] The teachers always mistook me as my brother.
[正] The teachers always mistook me for my brother.
[析] mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如: I took your book for mine.
more
[误] This book is more better than that one.
[正] This book is much better than that one.
[析] 不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级。
[误] More you read, more you learn.
[正] The more you read, the more you learn.
[析]在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如: More than one student is going to do part time job after school.
no more than not morethan
no more than应译为"只不过"、"才",如: He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为"不会多于",如: He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如: He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮",而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高。"
most
[误] Most of students are good at English.
[正] Most of the students are good at English.
[正] Most students are good at English.
[析] most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。
[误] My friends are most teachers.
[正] My friends are mostly teachers.
[析] mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。
much
[误] The boy was asleep very much.
[正] The boy was fast asleep.
[析] 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fast asleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。
must
[误] He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.
[正] He must be in the office, and can't go home.
[析] must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。
[误] It must have rained now.
[正] It must have rained yesterday.
[析] "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.
must have to
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如: I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意为:一定不要做某事,如: You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做,如: You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.
myself
[误] I can't play pingpong myself.
[正] I can't play pingpong by myself.
[析] 第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而by myself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而I want to play pingpong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"
N
name
[误] She was named of a flower.
[正] She was named after a flower.
[析] 以……命名应为name after,又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.
near
[误] We came near to hit him.
[正] We came near to hitting him.
[析] 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.
by near
We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。
need
[误] This room needs to clean.
[正] This room needs to be cleaned.
[正] This room needs cleaning.
[析]在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。
[误] We need not to do it.
[正] We needn't do it.
[析] need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如: We need your help.
neither
[误] None of my parents is a teacher.
[正] Neither of my parents is a teacher.
[析] 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。
[误] I don't do my homework. Neither he does.
[正] I don't do my homework. Neither does he.
[析] 这时应用倒装句。
[误] Neither you nor I are right.
[正] Neither you nor I am right.
[析] neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。
[误] Neither he studies nor plays.
[正] Neither does he study nor play.
[析] neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
never
[误] Never I have broken my word.
[正] Never have I broken my word.
[析] never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如: I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中,如: Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系,如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."
news
[误] There are many news about the accident.
[正] There is much news about the accident.
[析] news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news.
newspaper
[误] I read the news on today's newspaper.
[正] I read the news in today's newspaper.
[析] 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如: May I put the flower on this newspaper?
night
[误] I came home very late yesterday night.
[正] I came home very late last night.
[析] "昨晚"一般要讲last night,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用。
no none
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如: No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用none of,如None of the students was here.
no not
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry, there is no time to talk.
No one none
no one与nobody一样不能接of结构,如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.
nor
[误] I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.
[正] I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.
[析]注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。
not
[误] The students went to the park, but no the teachers.
[正] The students went to the park, but not the teachers.
[析] 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.
[误] There is no my letter today.
[正] There is no letter for me today.
[析] no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。
[误] He not only was a writer but also an actor.
[正] He was not only a writer but also an actor.
[析] 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致,如: Not only you but also I am wrong.
nothing
[误] Nothing but books were sold here.
[正] Nothing but books was sold here.
[析]要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误] I have nothing to do but to cry.
[正] I have nothing to do but cry.
[析] 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。
number
[误] A number of news can be heard on TV today.
[正] A lot of news can be heard on TV today.
[析] a number of后接可数名词复数。
[误] The number of students are ten thousand.
[正] The number of students is ten thousand.
[析] a number of 其意为"大量的",而the number of…是"某某的数量"。即the number of students意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。