描写月光的四字词语:习近平:太平洋有足够空间容纳中美

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来源日期:2012-2-13
本站发布时间:2012-2-13 23:20:53
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习近平说,记得1985年我首次访问美国时,两国贸易额仅77亿美元,人员往来大概1万人次左右。去年,两国贸易额已突破4400亿美元,人员往来超过300万人次。 40年的历史告诉我们,中美关系健康稳定发展对两国至关重要,对亚太地区乃至世界的和平、稳定、繁荣至关重要。胡锦涛主席去年1月访美期间,两国元首就共同致力于建设相互尊重、互利共赢合作伙伴关系达成共识。这充分体现了新时期中美关系的特点与要求,那就是在相互尊重原则基础上开展互利共赢的中美伙伴合作。
(全文)在对美国进行正式访问前夕,国家副主席习近平2月12日接受了美国《华盛顿邮报》书面采访,就中美关系、中美经贸合作、两国地方和人民交往、中美在亚太的关系、双方在国际地区及全球性问题上的合作等提问作了回答。
在回答40年来中美关系发展历程的问题时,习近平表示,40年前,中国和美国两国领导人以政治家的超凡智慧和远见卓识推开尘封多年的中美交往大门。40年来,中美关系虽然历经风雨,但始终向前发展,取得历史性成就,给两国和两国人民带来巨大利益。中美关系成为当今世界最重要、最富活力和最具潜力的双边关系之一。
习近平指出,记得1985年我首次访问美国时,两国贸易额仅77亿美元,人员往来大概1万人次左右。去年,两国贸易额已突破4400亿美元,人员往来超过300万人次。
习近平强调,40年的历史告诉我们,中美关系健康稳定发展对两国至关重要,对亚太地区乃至世界的和平、稳定、繁荣至关重要。胡锦涛主席去年1月访美期间,两国元首就共同致力于建设相互尊重、互利共赢合作伙伴关系达成共识。这充分体现了新时期中美关系的特点与要求,那就是在相互尊重原则基础上开展互利共赢的中美伙伴合作。
关于中美经贸合作,习近平指出,中美经贸关系的本质是互利共赢。中美建交以来,两国贸易额增长180多倍。过去10年,美国对华出口累计增长468%,为美国增加了300多万个就业岗位。美国50个州中有47个州对华出口增幅达到3位数甚至4位数。中国产品为美国消费者节省了6000多亿美元。中国美国商会去年一项调查显示,2010年,在华美资企业85%收入增长,41%在华利润率超过全球平均利润率。美对华投资有力带动了对华出口增长,加快了美产业升级,促进了美国内经济发展。
习近平表示,在经济全球化深入发展的今天,中美经贸关系已高度相互依存。假如这种关系不是互利双赢、对美国也带来巨大好处,就不可能持续、快速发展。绝大多数了解中美经贸关系实际情况的美国人、包括美工商界人士对此是很清楚的。
习近平强调,中美经贸交往过程中,难免出现一些摩擦和分歧。重要的是,双方要通过平等互利、互谅互让的协调,妥善处理分歧,不能让摩擦和分歧干扰整个中美经贸合作大局。
习近平表示,我们已经并将继续采取积极措施解决美方在知识产权保护、贸易不平衡等问题上的合理关切,将继续推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,还会一如既往地为来华投资者提供公平、规范、透明的投资环境。同时,希望美方在放宽高技术产品对华出口管制、为中国企业赴美投资提供公平竞争环境等方面也能尽快采取实质性步骤。
关于中美在亚太的关系,习近平表示,亚太地区是中美利益交汇最集中的地区。近年来,中美在亚太经合组织、东盟地区论坛框架下密切协调,就区域经济一体化、反恐、防扩散、打击跨国犯罪、防灾减灾、减贫以及有关地区热点问题加强沟通与合作,有力维护和促进了亚太的和平与繁荣。
习近平强调,当前亚太国家最关心的是保持经济繁荣、维护经济增长和区域合作势头。在人心思安定、人心思发展之际,人为地突出军事安全议程,刻意加强军事部署、强化军事同盟,恐怕并不是本地区绝大多数国家希望看到的。
习近平指出,宽广的太平洋两岸有足够空间容纳中美两个大国。我们欢迎美国为本地区和平、稳定、繁荣发挥建设性作用,同时希望美方充分尊重和照顾亚太各国的重大利益与合理关切。
关于双方在国际地区及全球性问题上的合作,习近平表示,近年来,中美在推动解决重大国际和地区问题、共同应对全球性挑战方面开展了有效协调与合作,充实和丰富了中美关系内涵,巩固和扩大了中美关系的战略基础。双方同舟共济,与其它国家一道,携手应对国际金融危机,推动世界经济复苏;协调哥本哈根、坎昆、德班气候变化会议达成共识;推进朝鲜半岛无核化和六方会谈进程;反对中东任何国家发展和拥有核武器,维护地区和平与安全。两国还就阿富汗、南亚、苏丹、中东等热点问题开展有效沟通。
习近平强调,当前,国际金融危机、欧债危机的负面影响仍在蔓延,地区热点问题此起彼伏,非传统安全与传统安全威胁相互交织。在新形势下,中美尤其要加强沟通、协调与合作,为维护和促进世界和平、稳定与发展共同发挥建设性、负责任的作用。
关于两国地方和人民交往对中美关系的意义,习近平表示,两国人民之间的相互了解和友谊是中美关系发展的坚实基础和不竭动力。1985年我在河北省工作时曾访问过美国艾奥瓦州,考察当地玉米种植和加工,有几天还住在当地居民家中。美国的先进技术,美国人民的热情友好、勤劳淳朴都给我留下很深的印象,使我亲身感受到两国人民之间加强交往的重要性,也增进了我对中美关系的了解和认识。
习近平指出,中美两国都是伟大的国家,两国人民对彼此抱有很大的好感和兴趣,渴望交流互鉴、深化友谊、共谋发展。两国没有理由不友好、不合作。我相信,有16亿人民共同支持的中美关系给世界带来的将是更多和平、繁荣与发展。
华盛顿邮报原文:
Views from China’s vice president
Published: February 12
Vice President Xi Jinping of China is scheduled to meet with President Obama on Tuesday at the White House. In advance of his visit, the Chinese government invited The Washington Post to submit written questions to the vice president. Following is a transcript of his written answers, as translated and provided to The Post by the Chinese government.
ON U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS
SINCE 1972
Forty years ago, leaders of our two countries, with extraordinary wisdom and vision of statesmen, reopened the long-closed door to China-U.S. exchanges. Since then, China-U.S. relations have forged ahead despite some twists and turns and made historic achievements, bringing huge benefits to both countries and peoples. China-U.S. relations have become one of the most important, dynamic and promising bilateral relationships in today’s world. When I visited the United States for the first time in 1985, our bilateral trade was merely US$7.7 billion, and only some 10,000 mutual visits were made each year. Last year, our trade topped US$440 billion, and mutual visits exceeded 3 million.
What has happened over the past 40 years tells us that a sound and stable China-U.S. relationship is crucial for both countries and for peace, stability and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large. During President Hu Jintao’s visit to the United States in January last year, the two presidents agreed to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. This decision fully captures the features and requirements of China-U.S. relations in the new era, that is, to develop mutually beneficial cooperation as partners based on the principle of mutual respect.
ON CHINA-U.S.
BUSINESS COOPERATION
Mutual benefit is the defining feature of China-U.S. business ties. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, China-U.S. trade has grown over 180 times. Over the past 10 years, U.S. exports to China have increased by 468 percent and created more than 3 million jobs for the United States. Forty-seven out of the 50 U.S. states have seen three-digit or even four-digit growth in their exports to China. And U.S. consumers have saved over US$600 billion by using Chinese products. A survey conducted by AmChamChina last year shows that 85 percent of the U.S.-invested enterprises in China saw their revenue grow in 2010, and 41 percent of them recorded higher profitability in China than their global average. The U.S. investment in China has boosted U.S. exports to China, accelerated U.S. industrial upgrading, and contributed to the growth of the U.S. economy.
As economic globalization gathers momentum, China and the United States have become highly interdependent economically. Such economic relations would not enjoy sustained, rapid growth if they were not based on mutual benefit or if they failed to deliver great benefits to the United States. The Americans who know the real picture of China-U.S. economic relations, including those in the business community, will echo this point.
Frictions and differences are hardly avoidable in our economic and trade interactions. What is important is that we properly handle these differences through coordination based on equality, mutual benefit, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation. We must not allow frictions and differences to undermine the larger interests of our business cooperation.
We have taken active steps to meet legitimate U.S. concerns over IPR [intellectual-property rights] protection and trade imbalance, and we will continue to do so. We will continue to press ahead with the reform of the RMB [renminbi] exchange rate formation mechanism and offer foreign investors a fair, rule-based and transparent investment environment. At the same time, we hope the United States will take substantive steps as soon as possible to ease restrictions on high-tech exports to China and provide a level playing field for Chinese enterprises to invest in the United States.
ON THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
China and the United States have more converging interests in the Asia-Pacific region than in anywhere else. In recent years, our two countries have coordinated closely under the framework of APEC [Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation] and ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] Regional Forum, and enhanced communication and cooperation on regional economic integration, counterterrorism, nonproliferation, combating transnational crimes, disaster preparedness and reduction, poverty alleviation and relevant regional hotspot issues, thus giving a strong boost to peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific.
What the Asia-Pacific countries care most is to maintain economic prosperity and build on the momentum of economic growth and regional cooperation. At a time when people long for peace, stability and development, to deliberately give prominence to the military security agenda, scale up military deployment and strengthen military alliances is not really what most countries in the region hope to see.
The vast Pacific Ocean has ample space for China and the United States. We welcome a constructive role by the United States in promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the region. We also hope that the United States will fully respect and accommodate the major interests and legitimate concerns of Asia-Pacific countries.
ON ECONOMIC
AND SECURITY COOPERATION
In recent years, China and the United States have conducted effective coordination and cooperation in addressing major international and regional issues and meeting global challenges. This has enriched China-U.S. relations and consolidated and expanded the strategic foundation of the relationship. China and the United States have joined hands and worked together with other countries to counter the international financial crisis and promote global economic recovery. We coordinated positions and worked for consensus at the climate change conferences in Copenhagen, Cancun and Durban. We advanced denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and the Six-Party Talks process. We opposed the development and possession of nuclear weapons by any Middle East country in order to maintain regional peace and security. Our two countries have also had effective coordination in addressing such hotspot issues as Afghanistan, South Asia, Sudan and the Middle East.
We are at a time when the negative impact of the international financial crisis and the European debt crisis continues to spread, regional hotspot issues crop up from time to time and traditional and nontraditional security threats are intertwined. Under such new circumstances, it is all the more important for China and the United States to communicate, coordinate and cooperate more closely and work together to play a constructive and responsible role in upholding and advancing world peace, stability and development.
ON PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE EXCHANGES
Mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples provides a solid foundation and an inexhaustible driving force for the growth of China-U.S. relations. I visited Iowa in 1985 when I was working in China’s Hebei province. I saw local corn farming and processing and stayed with a local family for a couple of days. I was deeply impressed by America’s advanced technology and the hospitable and industrious American people. That visit drove home to me the importance of closer exchanges between our peoples and gave me a better understanding of China-U.S. relations.
China and the United States are two great countries, and the Chinese and American people are well disposed to and interested in each other. We all want to exchange views and learn from each other, deepen friendship and seek common development. There is no reason for our two countries not to engage in friendly cooperation. I am convinced that, with the backing of the 1.6 billion Chinese and American people, our relationship will bring greater peace, prosperity and development to the world.
ON SPORTS
I like sports, and swimming is my favorite. Doing physical exercises keeps one fit and healthy and helps one work more efficiently. I think we all need to strike a balance between work and relaxation. This can keep us energetic and help us do our job better.
NBA games are exciting to watch and have global appeal. They are very popular in China. I do watch NBA games on television when I have time.
不要让似是而非的判断误导中美(社论)
中美的合作远远大于分歧。中美和,不仅对中美双方有利,更对世界有利。美欧有尽快摆脱金融危机重新复苏的诉求,中国也有经济结构调整与社会转型的矛盾与困扰,世界更是面临能源短缺环境恶化等危及可持续发展的难题。而解决这些,都有赖于国际的合作,有赖于中美等国的鼎力携手。"
要给中美关系画一个素描,似乎并没有想象中那么简单。自1978年建交以来,两国的政治和外交关系就一直在波折中前行。分处东亚和北美大陆的两个大国,在34年的正常化交往后,储备的不仅是美元和人民币,还有数量不菲的"互信赤字"。
促使这些"赤字"积累的,既有历史的纠葛,也有现实的纷争。在美国的话语里,中国既是经济发展的重要伙伴,是国际政治格局调整时的重要力量,同时还残存着那个曾经的意识形态对手的影子;而在中国的描述中,美国是经济发展的榜样,是先进技术和资金的来源地和庞大的市场,同时,霸权的美国还常常仰仗全球第一的军事实力,粗暴地干涉他国内政。中美既有相互靠近的充分理由,又有彼此交恶的藉口。中美两国分别活在对方的镜像里,合作着,又争吵着。
这似乎表明,中美关系堪称复杂,"互信赤字"的累积其来有自。不过,这些亦真亦假的描述还是告诉我们一个基本判断:中美关系乐观大于悲观,合作多过分歧。也曾有学者对此乐观地判断,中美关系"和而不同,斗而不破"。其实,这些判断,某种程度上也正代表着中国近些年来处理对美关系时的主流声音。
然而,从近几年尤其是这波金融危机爆发以来的现实看,中方的想法越来越接近于一厢情愿。在中美之间,美国显得攻击性更强,频度更密,原本即处于守势的中国,更是为了防守四处奔波,捉襟见肘;在经济上,美国更倾向于采取保守主义的策略,采用强压人民币升值和贸易保护主义等策略,给中国施加影响从而换取更多利益;政治和军事上,美国借"重返亚太"编织针对中国等国的包围网,已对中国几成合围之势;此外,美国还在文化和意识形态上对中国奉行孤立主义。
美国的这种种表现,让原本脆弱的中美关系愈发紧张,近期中俄联手否决西方国家提出的叙利亚决议案,某种程度上说正是这一紧张关系的投射。诗云,"投我以木桃,报之以琼瑶",紧张只会带来更紧张。美国的过激举动,只会让中美乃至更多的国家陷入"安全困境"而难以自拔。在中美之间,以及在美国与世界之间,横亘着太多的似是而非的判断,误导着决策,甚至影响着世界的走向。美国罹患上了"大国恐惧症",因担忧自身地位的衰落从而进退失据。
最似是而非的判断是,美国将说"再见",中国将"统治"世界,资本主义正在面临失败。尤其是近期,资本主义失败论从达沃斯论坛进而蔓延到整个西方世界。其实,更接近真相的陈述是:美国仍是世界上最强国,不用也不会急着说再见;中国经济尽管飞速发展,但与发达国家差距依旧很大,中国没有能力也不谋求"统治"世界;资本主义的所谓失败只是金融资本的弊端大暴露和福利制度的破产,资本主义有能力自我修复与完善。
耸人听闻的判断,总是更容易吸引决策者的目光。上述似是而非的假定的后果是,要防止资本主义失败,防止美国被迫"再见",遏制中国即是正确的战略选择。美国不少政客似乎都倾向于认为,一个受遏制的中国更符合美国利益。这些观点,恰恰来自镜像中的虚幻推断,不真实也不客观,并对中美关系有害。
而事实是,中美的合作远远大于分歧。中美和,不仅对中美双方有利,更对世界有利。美欧有尽快摆脱金融危机重新复苏的诉求,中国也有经济结构调整与社会转型的矛盾与困扰,世界更是面临能源短缺环境恶化等危及可持续发展的难题。而解决这些,都有赖于国际的合作,有赖于中美等国的鼎力携手。
西谚说,"As a man sows,so he shall reap"。中国民谚也说,"种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。"中美两国都有义务摒弃丛林法则,以诚和善对待对方,对待世界,找回互信,共谋发展。这些,相信2月14日情人节当天,在美国白宫会晤中国国家副主席习近平的奥巴马总统,会有更深切的体会。
《国际金融报》 (2012-02-13 第02版)