贝多芬与欢乐颂的演讲:GSK3B Gene

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summary for GSK3B:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a serine-threonine kinase with two isoforms (alpha and beta), was

originally discovered as a key enzyme in glycogen metabolism. GSK-3 was subsequently shown to function in

cell division, proliferation, motility and survival. GSK-3 plays a role in a number of pathological

conditions including cancer and diabetes and is increasingly seen as an important component of neurological

diseases. GSK-3 phosphorylates tau and presenilin-1, which are involved in the development of Alzheimer's

disease. Both isoforms of GSK-3 are ubiquitously expressed, although particularly high levels of GSK-3beta

are found in the brain where it is involved in synaptic plasticity, possibly via regulation of NMDA receptor

trafficking. GSK-3 phosphorylates over 40 different substrates including signaling proteins, transcription

factors and structural proteins, and is part of the signal transduction cascade of a large number of growth

factors and cytokines. The activity of GSK is regulated by phosphorylation (Akt, S6K, RSK, PKA and PKC),

dephosphorylation (PP1 and PP2A), and by binding to protein complexes (with beta-catenin, axin, CK1 and the

APC complex).

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