人民出版社招聘信息:直接引语变间接引语
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直接引语变间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:
Johnsaid, "I'm going to London with my father."
约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)
Johnsaid that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)
一、如何变人称:
在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:
Shesaid,"My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人你所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。如:
Hesaid to Kate,"How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如:
MrSmith said, "Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:
1)Shesaid,"I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)Shesaid,"We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3)Shesaid,"He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"Theearth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jacksaid, "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
XiaoWang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980."
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:
Hesaid, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:
Petersaid, "You had better come
John
约翰说:
John
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)
一、如何变人称:
She
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人你所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。如:
He
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如:
Mr
二、如何变时态:
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:
1)She
2)She
3)She
但要注意在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack
→
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
Xiao
→
④直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:
He
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
Peter