初三科学竞赛试题:小学综合英语总复习二

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代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。英语代词使用得很广泛;汉语代词用得较英语少些。如:
Because he had a bad cold, Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. (代词he代替名词Jack)。
I had a chat with our group leader. It was very helpful.(代词it代替前面的整个句子)。
代词可分为八类:
1)人称代词:具有主格(I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)和宾格(me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)两种形式。
2)物主代词:包括形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)两类。
3)反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself.
4)相互代词:each other, one another.
5)指示代词:this, that, these, those, it, such, same.
6)疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what.
7)关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as.
8)不定代词:some, something, somebody, someone, any, anything, anybody, anyone, no, nothing, nobody, no one, every, everything, everybody, everyone, each, much, many, little, a little, few, a few, other, another, all, none, one, both, either, neither.
请同学们熟练掌握代词的以下内容:
代词
人称代词
物主代词
指示代词
疑问代词
人称代词
人称代词是用于指人的代词,有主格和宾格之分。
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
单数并列二、三、一,
复数要按一、二、三。
时时注意比身份,人总要在动物前。
单身男女同时到,男士反而要优先。
人称代词两阵营,主格、宾格要分清。
你、它主宾形相同,其余主宾细区分。
主格句中作主语,动/介后把宾格用。
动副短语须注意,宾格代词放中间。
物主代词
物主代词主要表示所有关系,分为形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
形容词性物主代词能力差,自己不能来当家,
句子当中作主语,后面要把名词加。
名词性物主代词能力强,自己独来又独往,
句中主语、宾语、表语当。
两个三:
1、三注意:
形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词;My new bike
形容词性物主代词可修饰单数也可修饰复数;
英语中,形容词性物主代词不可省略。
2、三不准:
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,后必须接名词;
当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a,an或the 来修饰;
当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this,that,these或those来修饰。
指示代词
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的词。指示代词有this ,  that ,these ,those 等。this 和 these 一般用来指时间或空间较近的事物,that 和 those 一般  用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。this ,that 用于指代单数,these ,those用于指代复数。如:
This is a dog ,that is a cat .
These are women ,those are men .
The problem is not that .
Please look after these children carefully .
Look at those ! They are so dirty .
疑问代词
疑问代词有who 谁, whose 谁的,what 什么,which 哪个,哪些等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,放在句首。如:
Who will teach us English?
Whose car is this?
What are you looking for?
Which ball is yours?