baidumapapi.jar 下载:高中英语语法权威解析(4)
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(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter.
No one except two servants was late for the dinner.
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:
The poet and writer has come.
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.
5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:
Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball.
More than one student was late.
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7.
None of us are (is) perfect.
None of this worries me.
8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
(二) 内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today.
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.
Most of the apples were rotten.
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived.
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
(三) 就近原则
1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
主谓一致练习
1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.
A. are/is
2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.
A. is/years
3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.
A. play
4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.
A. are
5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.
A. are
6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.
A. is
7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.
A. are speaking
8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor.
A. wants to buy the book/his
C. will buy the book/one's
9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.
A. are
10. Having arrived at the station, _____.
A. it was found that the train had left &nb, sp; B. th, e trai, n had left
C. the train was found left
11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".
A. stands
12. Either of you _____ going there tonight.
A. will
13. You as well _____ right.
A. I are
14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.
A. are
15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours?
--Yes. Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.
A. are not very long for you
C. was not long enough for you
16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.
A. have not discussed
C. has not discussed
17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field.
A. what is
18. Every student and every teacher _____.
A. are going to attend the meeting
C. has attended the meeting
19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table.
A. was eaten/were
20. This pair of shoes _____.
A. is her
21.There ______ no life on the moon.
A. is said to have
22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill
A. sheep; grass; leaves
C. sheep; grass
23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______.
A. cattles cows
24.What he says and what he does_______.
A. does not agree
25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys.
A. have their own
26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.
A. woman, writes