java concurrentlist:中学英语语法易错点解析(三)

　　名词性从句即充当名词作用的从句，一般包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。

　　58. We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.
　　if 和whether都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句作的是介词宾语，只能用whether引导。所以把if改为whether。

　　59. I don’t know what the matter is.
　　此句应为I don’t know what is the matter, 可以把what看成从句的主语。

　　60. My plan is we try for a second time.
　　表语从句的引导词如为that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。

　　61. What will the professor say is not known yet.
　　名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为：What the professor will say is not known yet.

（十二） 状语从句

　　状语从句一般均有从属连词引导，在复合句中表示时间、原因、结果、让步、条件等。

　　62. I will go unless he invites me.
　　此句意为“除非他邀请我，否则我不去。” 而unless相当于if not，所以本句应改成：I won’t go unless he invites me。

　　63. Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others.
　　although和but不能同时用在一句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。另外，用了because 或since就不用so了。

　　64. I won’t stay until he comes back.
　　含有not ---until的句子的谓语动词应是点动词，含有until的肯定句的动词应是延续性动词，此句有两种改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won’t leave until he comes back.

（十三） 定语从句

　　定语从句的难点是关系代词（who, whose, that, which, as）和关系副词的使用。

　　65. An orphan is a child who’s parents are dead.
　　定语从句中表“----的”引导词只有whose，所以把who’s改为whose。

　　66. This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.
　　如果先行词前有the only, the last, the very以及形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。

　　67. This is the school in that my cousin studies.
　　定语从句的先行词为物，而且引导词放在介词后时，只能用which.

　　68. She is one of the students who has failed in the exam.
　　定语从句修饰one of加上复数名词时，复数名词是定语从句的先行词，因此把has改为have。但是，如one之前有the only, 则仍用has.

　　69. I like the American town where we visited last month.
　　定语从句的先行词用关系代词还是关系副词要看定语从句中缺不缺主语或宾语，如缺，用关系代词，如不缺用关系副词。此句中visit为及物动词，后无宾语，因此把where改为which 或that。

　　70. I , who is your friend, can help you in time of trouble.
　　定语从句的谓语动词应与其先行词保持一致，因此把is改为am。

　　71. China is a developing country, that is known to all.
　　非限定性定语从句的引导词永远不会是that，因此把that改为which或as。非限定的判断方法是定语从句前有逗号。

（十四） 主谓一致

　　此问题的关键是分析主语是单数还是复数。

　　72. The teacher and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.
　　teacher 和writer共用一个冠词，指的是一个人一身兼二职，所以谓语动词应为单数。把are改为is。但the teacher and the writer则指两个人。

　　73. No one except my parents know it.
　　主语后加except再加上若干数量的名词，谓语动词和主语即no one保持一致。所以把know改为knows。类似的用法的词或短语有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。

　　74. My clothes are made in Hong Kong.
　　clothes 为复数名词，谓语动词应为复数，把is改为are。

　　75. The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.
　　此句的主语为number而不是students，因此把are改为is。但a number of students 作主语则应视为复数。

　　76. Not only Tom but also his parents is in the office.
　　Not only ….but also连接名词作主语应由but also后的名词单复数来确定。此句中的is 应改为are.

　　77. The population of our country are increasing slowly now.
　　population 单独作主语谓语动词经常用单数，所以此句中的are改为is。如果其前有分数或百分数，而且后面又有复数名词时谓语动词用复数。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers。

（十五） 倒装

　　倒装就是谓语或部分谓语放在了主语的前面。

　　78. No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.
　　no sooner为否定副词，放于句首时句子要部分倒装，因此此句应改为：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left. 这类否定意义的副词还有never, hardly, seldom, not only, scarcely等。

　　79. Here comes he.
　　here 放于句首时,句子主谓要完全倒装, 但句子主语为代词时，则主谓不倒装。此句应改为：Here he comes. 又如：There comes the teacher.

　　80. A child as he is, he can speak five languages.
　　用as引导让步状语从句，可把形容词、副词和不带冠词的名词放于as前。所以前半句改为：Child as he is----。又如：Young as he is, he knows a lot.

（十六） 虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气即假设语气，动词形式要作相应变化。

　　81. She would have come if we invited her.
　　这是与过去事实相反的虚拟假设，从句应该用过去完成时。所以在we后加had。

　　82. His suggestion is that they would stay in Paris for a few days.
　　suggestion 的表语从句也应用虚拟语气，必须用should加动词原形，should可以省略。此处去掉would或把would改为should。

　　83. I wish I have done the work last week.
　　wish后的时态应该把真实时态往后推一个时态，所以把have改为had。

　　84. It’s time that we go to bed.
　　句式为It’s time sb. did sth. 所以把go改为went。又如：It’s time we left now.

　　85. I would rather you have another try tomorrow.
　　句型为would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改为had。

（十七） there be 句式

　　86. There are a pen and several books on the table.
　　there be句式遵循谓语动词就近原则，a pen 为单数，所以把are改为is。

　　87. There were several people stood at the back of the room.
　　there be 句式的谓语动词为be动词，句中其他的动词应为非谓语动词。所以把stood改为standing。

（十八） it的用法

　　it 构成强调句型和形式主语，形式宾语是易错之处。

　　88. I find that interesting to learn English.
　　此句中的that 应改为it。it在句中作形式宾语，不可以用that替代。it也可以做形式主语，如：It is certain that they will come.

　　100. When was it he left school?
　　本句是强调句型的疑问句，应在it后加that, 又如：It was yesterday that he came here.