安卓api中文文档最新:中学英语语法易错点解析(一)

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一.语法要点概述

  英语语法主要分为两部分,即词法和句法。此外,还包括构词法和语音知识。

  词法主要研究十种词汇的特性和用法。这十种词类是名词、冠词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。

  动词是词法研究的主要对象,它包含以下十一项内容,即动词形式、动词分类、情态动词、助动词、短语动词、时态、语态、语气、不定式、动名词和分词。

  句法知识主要包含以下七项:句子种类、各种从句、主谓一致、倒装、there be句型、it的用法和省略。

  构词法主要是说明英语的三种构词方式:合成(classroom)、转换和派生(前后缀)

  语音知识则介绍48个音素的读音方式及单词的读音规律。

二、中学英语语法易错点解析(一)

(一) 名词

  名词的单复数变化和所有格是易错之处。

  1. I have got a good news in the newspaper.
  news为不可数名词,不可说a good news。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的,表示数量时在其前加a piece of,类似的词有:advice, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。

  2. I learnt a lot with the help of physics teacher.
  可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠词,或将其变为复数。此处最好变为teachers或my physics teacher.

  3. The shoe’s store is just over there.
  一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s,如 my mother’s car; 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词,改为shoe store, 又如book store, coffee cup.

  4. The class is playing basketball.
  一些集合名词,如看成一个整体,则用单数的谓语动词,如My class is a happy one.;如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为,则用复数的谓语动词。此处打篮球是个体行为,应把is改为are。类似的词有:team, family, audience等。

  5. These heros came back from the front.
  初高中阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es,它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero;而photo, piano, radio 则加s变复数。


  6. The rooves of the house need repairing.
  以f, fe结尾的词变为复数时一般去掉f, fe加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves;而roof和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把rooves 改为roofs。

(二) 冠词

  冠词的易错之处主要在a与an的区别,何时用the, 何时不用冠词。

  7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
  用a还是an,取决于后面单词的第一个音标,如为元音用an,为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的,我们说 a European country, a university, a one-eyed man.

  8. Hotel is a building where people can stay.
  hotel 为可数名词单数,不能单独放在句中,应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数,而本句后有a building,因此只能在其前面加a,变为A hotel。

  9. He played a violin at the party yesterday.
  把a改为the,因为乐器前用定冠词。

  10. The war ended in 1940s.
  在in后加the,因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数,如在八十年代是in the 80s。

  11. Bush went to school by the bus every day.
  去掉the,因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具,如by car, by train, by bike等,但具体某一工具时,要加the, 如on the bus, in the car等。

(三) 代词

  使用代词时请注意其单、复数,主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。不定代词如another, others, both, few也是易错之处。

  12. He is one of those teachers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
  定语从句的先行词是those teachers,为复数,因此从句中的指示代词应为复数,应把his改为their。

  13. Whom do you think is the best player?
  放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose等都不参与句子成分,把它们去掉后,疑问词在句中做主语用主格,做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语,应把Whom改为Who。

  14. He wrote to who invited him.
  此处应将who 改为whoever, 因为whoever 意为anyone who。

  15. These pencils are mine; those in the bag are her.
  her 是形容词性物主代词,后面应该加名词pencils,或把her改为hers。

(四) 数词

  数词应注意基数词和序数词的表达方式。

  16. Three hundreds workers work here.
  Hundred/thousand/million/score/dozen 等词前有具体数字时其后不加s,前面没有具体数字时在其后加s和of,表示大约几百几千的概念。如two hundred students(两百个学生), hundreds of students(成百上千个学生). 例句中应把hundreds改为hundred。

  17. The city is twice as larger as that one.
  表倍数关系的as---as中间只能用形容词和副词的原级. 因此把larger改为 large.

  18. Alice is a seven-years-old girl..
  几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数, 所以把years改为year.

  19. Three fourth of the work has been done.
  英语表达中分数的分子用基数词, 分母用序数词, 分子大于一时分母后要加s, 所以应把fourth改为fourths.

(五) 形容词和副词

  形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是应注意的重点.

  20. The young man seemed nervously when he talked to the doctor.
  seemed 在此是个系动词, 其后应接形容词作表语. 所以把nervously改为nervous.

  21. The students of No.4 High School are working hardly to pass the exams.
  此句需要一个副词来修饰, hardly是副词,但意为 “几乎不”, hard也可以是副词, 表努力, 因此把hardly改为hard. 另外,像late是晚,lately则为最近。

  22. The singer is more better than that one.
  more 只构成比较级, 而不能修饰比较级. 因此把more去掉,也可以把more 换为better。

  23. He is the most handsome of the two players.
  两者相比较时, 比较级前用定冠词, 三者或三者以上才用most, 因此把most改为more. 又如:He is the taller of the two.

  24. He is less taller than I.
  表不如---时用less加上形容词和副词的原级, 因此把taller改为tall.

  25. The film is fairly more exciting than that one.
  fairly 只能修饰形容词和副词的原级, 可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有: much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等, 因此把fairly改为rather.

  26. This is as an interesting a picture as the one in the book.
  as---as 中间的词序是as, 形容词, a(n), 名词, as, 因此应改为as interesting a picture as the  one.

  27. The weather here is hotter than Boston.
  同样的事物才能相比较, weather 和 Boston 不具有可比性, 因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Boston. 又如:The students here are taller than those in Japan.

  28. Bob studies English harder than any student in his class.
  Bob 属于他班级里的一员, 与班里任何一个人相比时应把本身排除掉, 在any 后加上other, 也可以说anyone else in his class.

  29. The more I learn, the happy I am.
  the+比较级,the+比较级表示越……越,此处应将happy改为happier.

  30. Is there important anything at the meeting?
  修饰anything, something, everything, nothing 的形容词都要放在它们的后面.

  31. I never have seen such a film before.
  像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后, 实意动词之前.因此应改为I have never seen such a film before. 此类副词还有always, often, seldom等。

  32. The film is worth to be seen.
  be worth doing 意为值得被做,是用主动表被动。因此改为The film is worth seeing.

  33. It is sure that they will come here.
  sure 的主语只能为人, 而certain 的主语可为人和物. 因此把sure改为certain.

  34. The man is considered as one of the best alive writers at present.
  alive 为表语形容词, 偶尔也做后置定语. 因此把alive改为living,或把alive放在writers后面. 表语形容词还有afraid, alone, awake, asleep, ill等。

  35. I know that he has finished the work yet.
  yet 用于否定和疑问句, already 用于肯定句. 把yet改为already.

  36. The school is three times the large of that one.
此句应将large 改为size, 又如:The box is four times the weight of that one. 倍数后应接the 加名词。