重庆谈判时蒋介石日记中的毛泽东：绵里藏针

2011年12月24日 10:18
来源：人民网 作者：杨天石

字号:T|T

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核心提示：飞机把毛送走了，蒋就在重庆的官邸林园里散步，他就想，他这件事做得怎么样，然后他在日记里写了一段话，他说，毛泽东这个人阴阳怪气、绵里藏针，不好对付。但是蒋又写，我料定毛不能成事，他不会逃得出我的掌心。像这些，都是蒋的内心世界，通过日记我们才能够发现这个秘密。

重庆谈判时的蒋介石与毛泽东 资料图

本文节选自杨天石《文史大讲堂》演讲实录  来源：人民网

我想讲一下，蒋介石日记的现状。蒋介石的日记从1915年开始记日记，一直记到1972年，一共是记了57年。我曾经问过有些朋友，我说世界上各国的领袖里有谁留下了57年日记？美国的罗斯福、英国的丘吉尔、苏联的斯大林、法国的戴高乐，他们谁都没有日记。我也曾经问过一些朋友，我说在中共领导人里，有没有谁留下57年日记？毛刘周朱都没有日记。我所知道的，中共领导人里只有两位有日记留下来，一位是杨尚昆，一位是汪东兴，但是很遗憾，他们的日记都不到57年，时间都比较短。所以像蒋介石这样的一个人物，他能够留下57年日记，这是一件很了不起的事情。

我们研究历史，常常可以看到政治家的公开讲话，他在政治舞台上的“表演”，这些我们都好研究。但是，我们最大的困难是不了解政治家的内心世界。就是说他在做公开演说时，他的内心想什么，这个我们无从知道。同时，政治家在公开的活动之外，还有许多是横向操作，是幕后的活动。这些历史学家、社会公众也是看不到的。蒋介石的日记好处就在于，他帮助我们解决了两个困惑，一个帮助我们了解蒋介石的内心世界，他内心的秘密。另外，帮助我们了解政坛的许多内幕、许多奥秘。

我随便举一个例子，1945年抗战胜利了，蒋介石给毛泽东打去了三封电报，邀请毛泽东到重庆共商国家大事。毛泽东去了，蒋介石考虑要怎么样接待毛泽东，他开始决定的是，四个字方针“诚恳、忍耐”。就是说，要很诚恳地对待毛泽东，而且蒋估计到毛会有很高的要求，所以他说要“忍耐”，毛到了重庆以后，通过周恩来表示了中共方面的意见，第一条，表示中共要为实现三民主义而奋斗；第二，承认蒋委员长现在在全国的领导地位。这两条蒋介石当时看得很舒服、很高兴，但是毛还提出其他的一些条件，蒋介石很生气，觉得毛要求过高，觉得毛是狮子大开口，所以马上转变了接待方针，转变另四个字，大家想不到，是“拘留、审判”，蒋想借毛到重庆谈判机会，把毛扣下来，然后用法律去审判他。

蒋就想，如果把毛扣在重庆的话，美国人可能不答应，因为当年是美国人保证毛的安全，毛才到的重庆。但是蒋想，美国人不答应好说，蒋还估计到，苏联可能不答应，为什么？因为本来毛不想去重庆，是斯大林连续打了几封电报给毛，说你一定要去。现在把毛扣了，蒋估计有两个可能，第一，苏军（红军）当时占领了中国东北，有可能苏联拒绝撤兵，另外一个可能，苏联红军可能占领新疆，打中国的西北。蒋想我把毛扣下来，即使苏联采取这两个举动，也没关系，也值得。

想来想去，蒋还是不踏实，最后蒋又决定了新的四个字的接待方针，大家更想不到，第一，“授勋”。抗战胜利了，国民政府、国民党给抗战有功人员每人发一枚“抗日战争胜利勋章”作为嘉奖。蒋介石决定给毛泽东授一枚抗战胜利的勋章。第二，“礼送”，派飞机，派张自忠为代表，彬彬有礼把毛送回延安。也就是毛在重庆那几十天之内，蒋的决定有两个180度的大变化。这种变化那是任何人都不知道的，我想，包括宋美龄在内都未必知道。我们从蒋的日记里才能看出来。

飞机把毛送走了，蒋就在重庆的官邸林园里散步，他就想，他这件事做得怎么样，然后他在日记里写了一段话，他说，毛泽东这个人阴阳怪气、绵里藏针，不好对付。但是蒋又写，我料定毛不能成事，他不会逃得出我的掌心。像这些，都是蒋的内心世界，通过日记我们才能够发现这个秘密。

相关新闻：

Chongqing negotiations of Chiang kai-shek diary MAO zedong petitions

Dec. 24, 2011 made supplication
Source:PRCThe author:Yang day stone

Text:T|T

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Core clew:Flying the hair off, Chiang was in chongqing's official residence walking in the garden, he wanted to, he do have to how, and then he wrote in his diary a speech, he said, MAO zedong this man YinYangGuaiQi, petitions, formidable.But Chiang and writing, I knew hair be viable, he can't escape that my palm.Like these, all is the inner world of the Chiang, through the diary we will discover the secret.

Chongqing negotiations with MAO zedong material graph of Chiang kai-shek

This paper a passage from Yang day stone the expert literature "lecture memoir source: people net

I want to tell me,Chiang kai-shekDiary of the status quo.Chiang kai-shek's diaries from 1915 start a diary, always remember in 1972, the total is written by 57 years.I have asked some friends, I said world leader who is in 57 years left his diary?The United StatesRoosevelt, Britain'sChurchillThe Soviet Stalin, France, Charles DE gaulle, who they are not diary.I have asked some friends, I said in the party's leaders, who have left 57 years diary?MaoLiuZhou zhu all have no diary.I know, China's communist leaders in only two have diary to stay, one is Yang shangkun, a WangDongXing, but unfortunately, they are all under the diary of 57 years, time is short.So like Chiang kai-shek such a figure, he can leave 57 years diary, this is a great thing.

We study history, often can see the politician's public speech, he in the political arena "performance", which we are good research.But, our greatest difficulty is not understand the inner world of the politicians.He is doing when speaking in public, his heart think what, this we don't know.At the same time, politicians in the public activities, there were many other is horizontal operation, is behind the activities.These historians, the public is also cannot see.Chiang kai-shek's diary benefit is that, he helped us to solve two confused, a help us understand the inner world of Chiang kai-shek, the secret of his heart.In addition, help us understand the political insider, many many mysteries.

I just for example, in 1945 the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, MAO zedong's call to the Chiang kai-shek to three letters, invited to discuss MAO zedong's chongqing state affairs.MAO zedong, consider how to Chiang kai-shek received MAO zedong, he begin to decide, four word policy "sincere, patience."That is, to be very honest with MAO zedong, and estimate the Chiang is very MAO demand, so he says he will "patience", the hair after to chongqing, through the zhou enlai said the communist party views, first article, said Chinese want to realize three people's principles and the struggle;Second, admitted the generalissimo now in the national leadership.The two Chiang kai-shek at that time see very comfortable, very happy, but some other hair some conditions, Chiang kai-shek was very angry, and think MAO high requirements, think MAO was lion big openings, so the policy change immediately reception, change the other four word, everyone thought, is "detention, judge," jiang wants to borrow hair to chongqing negotiations opportunity and hair pin down and then use the law to judge him.

Jiang was like, if the hair buckle in chongqing of words, americans could not answer, because that was the American guarantee the safety of the hair, MaoCai to chongqing.But to Chiang, americans don't promise to say, jiang also estimates that the Soviet union might not to promise, why?Because the original hair don't want to go to chongqing, is Stalin's continuous played a few letters to the hair, say you have to go.Now the wool to buckle, jiang estimates that there are two possible, first, the Soviet (the red army) was occupied China's northeast, may the Soviet union refused to withdraw, another possible, the red army in the Soviet union may occupy xinjiang, playing the northwest of China.Jiang think I put the hair to pin down, even if the Soviet union to take the two move, and it doesn't matter, it would be worth it.

Want to want to go, jiang or not, steadfast, finally decided the new jiang and four words reception policy, people more surprisingly, the first, "decorated".The victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the national government, the kuomintang Anti-Japanese War active personnel to each hair a medal "victory in the Anti-Japanese War MEDALS" as a reward.Chiang kai-shek decided to give a gold award in MAO zedong's victory of the Anti-Japanese War MEDALS.Second, "courtesy send" and sent the plane, sent ZhangZiZhong for represent, polite MAO back to yenan.Also is in chongqing that dozens of hair days, Chiang's decision to have two 180-degree big change.This change is that no one know, I think, including song meiling, may not know all.We from Chiang's diary can see out.

Flying the hair off, Chiang was in chongqing's official residence walking in the garden, he wanted to, he do have to how, and then he wrote in his diary a speech, he said, MAO zedong this man YinYangGuaiQi, petitions, formidable.But Chiang and writing, I knew hair be viable, he can't escape that my palm.Like these, all is the inner world of the Chiang, through the diary we will discover the secret.