股权转让资产评估报告:ip?default

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ip default-network和ip route 0.0.0.00.0.0.0默认路由的区别 在2501上研究这三种默认路由的区别.

指定默认路由(last resortgateway)的指令供有3种,可以分成两类:
1、ip default-gateway
当路由器上的ip routing无效时,使用它指定默认路由,用于RXBoot模式(no iprouting)下安装IOS等或者关闭iprouting 让路由器当主机用,此时需要配置默认网关

2、ip default-network和ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
两者都用于ip routing有效的路由器上,区别主要在于路由协议是否传播这条路由信息。比如:IGRP无法识别0.0.0.0,因此传播默认路由时必须用ipdefault-network。

当用ipdefault-network指令设定多条默认路由时,administrativedistance最短的成为最终的默认路由;如果有复数条路由distance值相等,那么在路由表(showip route)中靠上的成为默认路由。
同时使用ip default-network和ip route0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0双方设定默认路由时如果ipdefault-network设定的网络是直连(静态、且已知)的,那么它就成为默认路由;如果ipdefault-network指定的网络是由交换路由信息得来的,则ip route 0.0.0.00.0.0.0指定的表项成为默认路由。
最后,如果使用多条ip route 0.0.0.00.0.0.0指令,则流量会自动在多条链路上负载均衡。


例子:

关闭ip routing 举例:
myCisco(config)#no ip routing
myCisco(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1
myCisco(config)#end
mycisco#ping www.flashku.com

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 61.152.167.75, timeout is 2seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =60/60/60 ms
mycisco#show ip route
Default gateway is 192.168.0.1

Host               Gateway           LastUse    Total Uses   Interface
ICMP redirect cache is empty
mycisco#

ip route例子:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1

mycisco#ping www.flashku.com

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 61.152.167.75, timeout is 2seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =56/56/60 ms
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B- BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF interarea
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidatedefault
       U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

   1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
   192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S*    0.0.0.0/0[1/0] via 192.168.0.1
mycisco#

ip default-network必须是在所到网络已经存在路由的情况下,否则执行无效.
mycisco(config)#ip route 61.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.0.1
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B- BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF interarea
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidatedefault
       U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

   1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
   61.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 192.168.0.1
   192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

接着我们执行:
mycisco(config)#ip default-network 61.0.0.0

再看路由表:
mycisco#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B- BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF interarea
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidatedefault
       U - per-user static route

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.0.1 to network 61.0.0.0

   1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0
S*    61.0.0.0/8[1/0] via 192.168.0.1
   192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0



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补充:

-默认路由用于把数据包转发到不在路由表里的地址中
-在那些不需要完整的路由信息的地方,比如STUB区域,默认路由可以减少内存使用并降低CPU的开销

下面介绍怎么样去配置一个默认路由
   ip default-gateway
   ip default-network
   ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

1.ip default-gateway
ip default-gateway这个命令与其他2个不同,他只能用在路由器ip routing关闭的时候。就是说在ip rouing 启动时这条路由不会放到路由表中

命令实例:ip default-gateway 192.168.0.1

2.ip default-network
   与ip default-gateway不同的是,他可以在iprouting环境下使用,当你配置了这条命令后,路由器将会把这条路由当成网关和最后一个条目开匹配。当在一个网络中用ipdefault-network指定了一条可达的路径,这条路径将会在路由表中被标记为*号,举个例子:


注意S 198.10.1.0/24 [1/0] via161.44.192.2这条静态路由,当我们配置了ip default-network192.168.1.0 后,路由表将发生变化。如下:

Gateway of last resort is 161.44.192.2 to network 198.10.1.0
161.44.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 161.44.192.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
131.108.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 131.108.99.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S* 198.10.1.0/24 [1/0] via 161.44.192.2

现在Gateway of lastresort被设置成161.44.192.2,要注意的是,ipdefault-network命令是一个有类的命令(classfull),如果宣告的网络不是主类网,将不会被标记成*号
EX:(图见上)
2513#configure terminal
2513(config)#ip route 171.70.24.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.99.2
2513(config)#ip default 分享