中财网toothache什么意思:小学英语语法基础习题六
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35形容词和副词——比较级
当我们将一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时我们就用比较级。其构成是形容词和副词的比较级形式+than.
ADJETIVES 形容词
多数单音节和双音节的形容词加“er”构成比较级。
It’s warm. It’s warmer than yesterday. Yesterday was cooler than today.
今天暖和。今天比昨天暖和。昨天比今天冷。
Jane is tall. She is taller than Joe. Joe is shorter than I.
简长得高。她比乔高。乔比简矮。
有些形容词以辅音加“y”结尾，把“y”改成“i”加“er”。
She is a happy person. She is happier than I.
她是一个乐观的人。她比我乐观。
许多单音节形容词双写末尾的辅音。
They have a big house. It’s bigger than mine.
他们有一所大房子。它比我们的大。
一些双元音和多音节形容词，用“more”“less”构成比较级。
I’m careful. I’m more careful than you. You’re less careful than I.
我认真。我比你认真。你不如我认真。
My book is interesting. It’s more interesting than yours. Yours is less interesting than mine.
我的书很有趣。它比你的书有趣。你的书没我的书有趣。
有些形容词的比较级不规则
It’s a good day. It’s better than yesterday.
今天天气好。比昨天好。
It’s a bad day. It’s worse than yesterday.
今天天气不好。比昨天还不好。
ADWERBS 副词
只有可分级的副词才能有比较级，如daily, on
Joe came early. He came earlier than I. I came later than Joe.
乔来得早。他比我来得早。我比乔来得晚。
I eat slowly. I eat more slowly than you. You eat more quickly than I.
我吃得慢。我比你吃得慢。你比我吃得快。
有几个副词的比较级形式特殊。
You play baseball well. You play better than I. I play baseball badly. I play worse than you.
你棒球玩得好。你比我玩得好。我玩得不好。我比你玩得差。
ＡＤＪＥＣＴＩＶＥＳ ＡＮＤ ＡＤＶＥＲＢＳ 形容词与副词
要比较两件事件或两个人间的类似雷同情况，在形容词和副词前后用“as”。
Jane is as tall as Peter. Jackie runs quickly as Mike.
简和彼得一样高。杰凯和迈克一样快。
1. Alice’s hair is longer than Pat’s.
爱丽丝的头发比帕特的长。
2. This lesson is less difficult than that on
这课没有那课难。这课更简单。
3. The black box is as large as the white box.
黑盒子和百盒子一样大。
4. Henry is a better student than his brother Don.
和他的弟弟唐比起来，亨利是更好的学生。
5. Sarah is a worse musician than Larry.
和拉里比起来拉萨是个糟糕的音乐家。
6. The plane arrived earlier than the boat.
飞机比船到得早。
7. Dogs run more slowly than horses.
狗比马跑得慢。
8. Kay plays chess better than Paul.
凯比比保罗下棋下得好。
Practice
A 用完整的句子回答问题。
1. Does Sam run more quickly than Sandra?
Sam runs as quickly as Sandra..
2. Are giraffes taller or shorter than lions?
3. Is Lucy older or younger than Steve?
4. Is the house on the left larger or smaller than the house on the right?
5. Does Richard do his homework faster or more slowly than his sister/
6. Do you usually get home earlier or later than your husband?
7. Which runs less quickly, a turtle or a car?
8. Is Carol’s bag heavier or lighter than Robert’s suitcase?
9. Is the black car newer or older than the white car?
10. Who is taller, Lee or Ann?
36 形容词和副词——最高级
形容词
形容词最高级前用定冠词the ,用于比较三个以上的人或事物。
一些单音节和双音节的形容词前面加-est构成最高级形式。以e结尾的形容词加st才构成最高级形式。
That street is wide. 那个街道宽。
It is wider than my street. 它比我住的那条街宽。
It’s the widest street of all. 它是最宽的街。
一些双音节和所有三音节形容词的最高级形式前加the most或the least。
Joe is intelligent. 乔聪明。
Jay is more intelligent than Joe. Joe is less intelligent than Jay.
杰伊比乔聪明。乔不如杰伊聪明。
Jim is the most intelligent of all. Joe is the least intelligent of all.
吉姆是最聪明的。乔是最不聪明的。
一些形容词有特殊的最高级形式。
She is a good teacher. 她是个好老师。
He’s a bad student. 他是个差学生。
She’s a better teacher than Jane. 和简比，她是个好老师。
He’s a worse student than AI. 他是比埃尔还差的学生。
She’s the best teacher in the school. 她是学校里最好的老师。
He’s the worse student in the school. 他是学校里最差的学生。
副词
副词最高级形式的构成和形容词一样。
Sue arrived early. 苏到得早。
You drive carefully. 你开车小心。
Sue arrived earlier than you. 苏比你到得早。
You drive more carefully than Jack. 你比杰克开车小心。
Sue arrived the earliest of all. 苏到得最早。
You drive the most carefully of all. 你开车最小心。
一些副词有特殊的最高级形式。
Ann dances well. 安跳得好。
Ann dances the best of all. 安比戴夫跳得好。
Dave dances badly. 戴夫跳得不好。
Dave dances worse than Ann. 戴夫比安跳得差。
Dave dances the worst of all. 戴夫跳得很差。
1. Here are three circles. The first circle is larger than the second circle. The second circle is smaller than the first circle and is larger than the third circle. The first circle and the third circle is the smallest of the three.
这有三个圆。第一个圆比第二个圆大。第二个圆比第一个圆小，比第三个圆大。第一个圆是最大的，第三个圆是最小的。
2. The first cat is thinner than the second cat. The second cat is thinner than the third cat. The third cat is the thinnest of all.
第一只猫比第二只猫瘦。第二只猫比第三只猫瘦。第三只猫是所有猫中最胖的。第一只猫是所有猫中最瘦的。
3. Peter is a better cook than Jean. Jane is a better cook than Carl. Carl is the worst cook of all, and Peter is the best.
彼得烧菜比吉恩好。吉恩烧菜比卡罗好。卡罗是烧菜最差的，彼得是最好的。
4. Bicycles are less expensive than cars. Cars are less expensive than trucks. Trucks are the most expensive, and bicycles are the least expensive of the three.
自行车比小汽车便宜。小汽车比卡车便宜。卡车是三个中最贵的，自行车是三个中最便宜的。
5. In the United States, January and February are the coldest months of the year, and July and August are the hottest.
在美国，一月和二月是一年中最冷的月份。七月和八月是最热的月份。
Practice
用完整的句子回答问题。
1. Which circle is the largest?
Which on
The second circle is the largest, and the first on
2. Which is the largest animal of the three?
3. Which on
4. In the United States, are July and August the coldest or the hottest months of the year?
5. Who is the worst cook of the three?
6. Which on
7. Who wrote the most letters?
8. Which street is the widest?
9. Which animal is the most quiet?
10. Which person is the least happy?
VOCABULAR
August circle fat intelligent July month quiet truck year best expensive February least most thin worst
37 will形式的将来时——肯定句
will形式的将来时表达一个简单的将来行为，许诺或决定。它的构成是will加动词原形。
The teacher will tell you tomorrow.
老师明天将会告诉你。
We’ll see you at seven o’clock.
我们将在七点钟见你。
Will形式的将来时
完整形式
缩写形式
单数
复数
单数
复数
第一人称
I will walk
we will walk
I’ll walk
we’ll walk
第二人称
you will walk
you will walk
you’ll walk
you’ll walk
第三人称
he will walk
she will walk
it will walk
they will walk
he’ll walk
she’ll walk
it’ll walk
they’ll walk
1. Tomorrow Phil will get up at seven o’clock.
明天菲尔要起点起床。
2. First he’ll wash his hands and face.
首先他要洗手洗脸。
3. Next he’ll brush his teeth.
然后他要刷牙。
4. Then he’ll comb his hair.
再后，他要梳头。
5. Then he’ll get dressed.
而后，他要穿衣服。
6. At seven thirty he’ll have breakfast.
七点三十分，他要吃早餐。
7. His brother and sister will have breakfast with him.
他的兄弟姐妹要和他一起吃早餐。
8. At eight o’clock he’ll leave for work.
八点，他要去上班。
9. He and I will probably meet on the corner near his home.
他和我可能在他家附近的拐角处见面。
10. If it’s raining, we’ll take the bus to work.
如果下雨，我们会坐公车去上班。
11. If the weather is good, we’ll walk.
如果天气好，我们会走着去。
12. We’ll arrive at the office at about a quarter to nine.
大约八点三十分我们会到办公室。
13. He’ll probably have lunch alone.
他可能会独自吃午餐。
14. At five o’clock we’ll go home.
五点钟我们会回家。
Practice
A 将句子变成将来时。将“this”改成“next”，将“every”改成“tomorrow”。
1. We’re studying English this year.
We’ll study English next year.
2. She’s going to English class this month.
3. I’m a good student this week.
4. They eat lunch with us every afternoon.
5. She sits next to me in school every evening.
6. He meets me on the corner every morning.
7. They eat dinner in a restaurant every evening.
8. I’m getting us some soft drinks this Saturday.
9. He brushes his teeth and combs his hair every morning.
10. You walk to school every morning.
B 用完整的句子回答问题。
1. What time will you get up tomorrow?
2. What time will you have breakfast?
3. Will you have breakfast alone or with your family?
4. What will you probably eat lunch tomorrow?
5. Where will you eat lunch tomorrow?
6. What will you do tomorrow evening?
7. What time will you have dinner?
8. What time will you go to bed?
9. Where will Ruth go tomorrow?
10. What time will she get there?
11. What will she do tomorrow afternoon?
12. What time will she have dinner?
VOCABULARY
about comb (v.) hand probably alone face if then bed family meet will brush(v.) get dressed next
38 will形式的将来时——否定句和疑问句
will形式的将来时的否定句的构成是 will加not。注意不规则缩写形式是won’t。
完整形式
缩写形式
单数
复数
单数
复数
第一人称
I will not go
we will not go
I won’t go
we won’t go
第二人称
you will not go
you will not go
you won’t go
you won’t go
第三人称
he will not go
she will not go
it will not go
they will not go
he won’t go
she won’t go
it won’t go
they won’t go
Will形式的将来时的疑问句构成是将 will提到主语之前。
单数
复数
第一人称
Will I go?
Will we go?
第二人称
Will you go?
Will you go?
第三人称
Will he go?
Will she go?
Will it go?
Will they go?
1. If I leave home at seven thirty, will I arrive on time at the party? No, you won’t.
如果我七点半从家走，我会按时到达晚会现场吗？
2. Will you go to the library on Friday? No, I won’t.
你星期五会去图书馆吗？不，我不会去。
3. Will Roger go on the picnic tomorrow? No, he won’t.
罗杰明天去野餐吗？不，他不会去。
4. Will it rain tomorrow? No, he won’t.
明天会下雨吗？不，不会下。
5. Will Ken and I need reservations for the show tonight? No, you won’t.
我和肯需要预约今晚的表演吗？不，你们不用预约。
6. Will you and Martha go to the beach if it rains? No, we won’t.
如果下雨你和玛萨去海滩吗？不，我们不会去。
7. Will Fred and Norma leave the city on Friday? No, they won’t.
8. 傅雷德和诺玛星期五会离开这座城市吗？不，他们不会离开。
Practice
A 将句子改成疑问句，然后用完整的否定句回答。
1. I will return tomorrow.
Will you return tomorrow?
No, I won’t return tomorrow.
2. They’ll leave the city at ten o’clock tonight.
3. The weather will be good tomorrow.
4. We’ll stay home if it rains.
5. They’ll have a good time next week.
6. Jerry will lend us the money tomorrow.
7. He’ll wait for us until tonight.
8. We’ll watch the animals in the zoo.
9. Rachel will help us tonight.
10. You’ll come here again.
B 用完整的句子回答问题。首先给出肯定回答，然后做否定回答。
1. Will you buy a house or an apartment?
I’ll buy a house.
I won’t buy an apartment.
2. Will they meet me at the bus station or at the hotel?
3. Will they drink milk or coffee?
4. Will they arrive before or afternoon?
5. Will the children swim in the ocean or in a pool?
6. Will he set the table for three or four people?
VOCABULARY
apartment hotel pool station beach need(v.) set(v.) here ocean show
39 反身代词与强势代词
人称代词
反身代词/强势代词
人称代词
反身代词/强势代词
I
myself
we
ourselves
you
yourself
you
yourselves
he
himself
she
herself
they
themselves
it
itself
反身代词
反身代词表示主语和动词的宾语是同一个人或事。
He shaves himself every morning. 他每天早上自己刮脸。
She hurt herself yesterday. 她昨天割伤了自己。
反身代词经常是介词的宾语。
Paula is looking at herself in the mirror.
保拉正看着镜中的自己。
Tony cooks breakfast for himself.
托尼自己做早饭。
反身代词常常表示“独自”或“没有帮助”。
I always eat lunch by myself. 我常自己吃午餐。
The girl lifted that heavy box by herself.
那个女孩自己举起那个重盒子。
强势代词
强势代词是强调他们所指的名词或代词的重要性。
I phoned the President himself. 我亲自给总统打电话。
They themselves built their house. 他们自己建造房子。
强势代词经常直接放在主语之后或置于句子的结尾处。
I myself will buy the flowers. 我自己回去买花。
I will buy the flowers myself. 我会自己买些花。
1. Martha cut herself with the scissors.
玛萨用剪刀割伤了自己。
2. I burned myself with a match.
我用火柴烧伤了自己。
3. The children are five years old. They get dressed by themselves every morning.
孩子们五岁了。他们每天早上自己穿衣服。
4. After breakfast they go to school by themselves.
吃完早饭，他们自己上学。
5. Of course he was here; I myself saw him.
他当然在这儿，我亲眼看到他。
6. You yourself told me! Don’t you remember?
你自己告诉我的！你难道不记得了？
7. If you both have time, you can paint the house yourselves.
如果你俩有时间，你们可以自己给房子喷漆。
8. Our doctor says that smoking is bad, but he himself smokes.
我们的医生说吸烟有害的，但他自己吸烟。
Practice
A 用正确的反身代词或强势代词填空。
1. I looked at myself in the mirror.
2. The dog sits by ____in the corner.
3. The little boy got dressed by_____.
4. They want to study by ______.
5. She found ______alone in a big city.
6. You and Mary run this business_____.
7. I gave him the money _____.
8. We always eat by _____.
9. He _______gave me the book.
10. The cook hurt ______with her own knife.
B 用完整的句子填空回答问题。
1. Did she make that dress herself?
Yes, she made that dress herself.
2. Did he himself give you that address?
3. Did they come by themselves?
4. Do you prefer to go to the movies by yourself or with someone?
5. Did the child hurt himself when he fell?
6. Does the cat take care of itself?
7. Did you yourself mail the letter?
8. Does she like to walk by herself in the park?
9. Do you cook for yourself in the evening?
VOCABULARY
address himself mirror shave(v.) yourself burn(v.) myself smoke(v.) yourselves business itself of course smoking care lift(v.) ourselves someone cut(v.) look remember tell herself match scissors themselves
40 祈使句
祈使句是用动词的基本形式构成，用来表达命令或指令。其隐含的主语是“you”。
Stop here and show your ID card.
站住，出示你的证件。
否定句的构成是将do not (don’t)放在动词之前。
Don’t forget to meet your aunt at the airport.
别忘了去机场接你姑姑。
在公共场合，祈使句的否定句的构成采用不同的形式：no加动词ing的形式，加入一些常规的礼貌用语可使本来强硬的祈使句变得委婉。如：（if you）please, if you don’t mind……(如果你不介意)，（请）……
Please wait here. 请在这儿等一下。
Do not smoke in here, if you please. 请不要在这儿吸烟。
Close the window, if you don’t mind. 如果你不介意的话，请关上窗户。
NO SMOKING 不准吸烟
NO PARKING 不准泊车
1. Don’t waste time. Go to school.
不要浪费时间，上学吧。
2. Wait for me. Don’t walk so fast.
等等我，不要走得太快。
3. Cross the street while the traffic light is green. Don’t cross while the light is red.
绿灯亮时过马路。红灯亮时不要过马路。
4. Don’t break your sister’s toys.
不要弄坏你妹妹的玩具。
5. Pay for the meal. Don’t forget to leave a tip for the waiter.
买单时，不要忘记给服务员小费。
6. Don’t spill your coffee on my new carpet.
不要把咖啡洒到新地毯上。
7. Turn off your cell phones, please.
请挂掉电话。
Practice
命令汉克做李做过的一件事。然后用更礼貌的表达方式重复这些命令。
1. Lee isn’t leaving yet; she’s waiting for Jim.
Hank, don’t leave yet; wait for Jim.
Hank, please don’t leave yet; please wait for Jim.
2. Lee isn’t driving too fast.
3. Lee is driving carefully.
4. Lee is crossing at the green light.
5. Lee is studying; she’s not wasting time.
6. Lee is washing her hands and face.
7. Lee isn’t smoking.
8. Lee is hanging up her clothes.
9. Lee is setting the table.
10. Lee isn’t going out tonight.
11. Lee gets up early.
12. Lee is doing the laundry.
13. Lee doesn’t spend all of her money.
14. Lee isn’t lazy.
VOCABULARY
break(v.) hang up mind(v.) tip carpet ID card please traffic light
cell phone laundry red turn off cross(v.) lazy spill(v.) waste(v.)
green meal stop(v.) while
41 现在完成时——肯定句
现在完成时的构成是have加动词过去分词。规则动词的过去分词和过去式相同。
参看（第230页）不规则动词过去分词表。
现在完成时
完整形式
缩写形式
单数
复数
单数
复数
第一人称
I have seen
we have seen
I’ve seen
we’ve seen
第二人称
you have seen
you have seen
you’ve seen
you’ve seen
第三人称
he has seen
she has seen
it has seen
they have seen
he’s seen
she’s seen
it’s seen
they’ve seen
现在完成时指过去某一动作一直延续到现在，它描述在过去某一不确定的时间里发生过或未发生过的行为，它表示动作与现在有某种联系。现在完成时经常和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用，如：lately， this month， this week。
I’ve seen that movie three times. 那场电影我看了三遍。
I’ve just had a wonderful idea. 我正好有个好主意。
It’s snowed a lot recently. 最近下了很多雪。
在一些情况下，过去行为一直持续到现在或会再次发生。
I’ve known him for many years. (And still know him)
我认识他好多年了。（而且仍然认识他）
She’s written two novels. (And she might write another on
她写了两篇小说。（而且她可能会再写另一部。）
现在完成时经常与介词“for”或“since”连用。“for”用于表示行为持续一段时间，“since”用于特指行为起始于某一特殊日期或时间。
We’ve been friends for three months. 我们成为朋友已经三个月了。
We’ve been friends since January. 我们从一月起就是朋友。
1. I’ve spoken to him several times today.
今天，我给他打过几次电话。
2. Thank you, but I’ve already eaten dinner.
谢谢，我已经吃过晚饭了。
3. We’ve lived in this apartment for years.
我们已经住在这所公寓几年了。
4. Her plane has just landed.
她的飞机着陆了。
5. They’ve been friends since they were children.
他们小时候就已经是朋友了。
Practice
A 用所给的词替换句中的主语，尽量用缩写形式。
EXAMPLE：I’ve met him before. (he)
He’s met him before.
1. Lee 5.they 9. you and Tracy
2.Rich 6.she 10. you
3. Lee and Rich 7. you boys 11. I
4.we 8.your sister 12.Adam and I
B 将斜体的动词由过去时变成现在完成时，尽量用缩写式。
1. I saw Ted and Rose.
I’ve seen Ted and Rose.
2. We bought vegetables in the market.
3. The wind began to blow very hard.
4. They drove to work..
5. I ate too much.
6. She fell on the stairs.
7. I wrote to her often.
8. You came too late. He just went out.
9. He took the package to the post office.
10. You were in Miami.
11. They went home.
12. I did all the dishes.
C 用括号里动词的现在完成时填空。尽量用缩写形式。
1. This is the first time you and your brother have visited our farm.
2. Come into the house. It _______ to rain. (begin)
3. I ____ that book. (read)
4. They ____something you like. (cook)
5. The leaves ____ from the trees. (fall)
6. I ____ that woman before. (see)
VOCABULARY
already idea market thank you before just novel wind blow(v.) land package wonderful do dishes lately recently farm leaf something