黑客盗qq号软件:初中英语疑难例析300例 (118---130)

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118.你会将not …until 用于强调句型吗

    It was not ____he took off his dark glasses ____I realized  he was a famous singer

Awhenthat       Buntilthat

Cuntilwhen      Dwhenthen

此题选B 。考察not until 的强调结构,其基本句型为:

It is[ was] not until(时间状语)that(不用否定)

他妻子走了之后他才来。

正:He didn't come until his wife left

正:It was not until his wife left that he came

直到雨停他们才出发。

正:They didn't start until the rain stopped

正:It was not until the rain stopped that they started

请做以下各题:

1It was not until midnight ____the noise of the street stopped

Athat    Bthis   Csince   Dat which

2It was not ____1920 ____regular radio broadcast began

Aforthat        Buntilthat

Cforwhen       Duntilwhen

3It was not ____you had explained how ____I managed to do it

Aforthat       Buntilthat

Cforwhen      Duntilwhen

答案:1A 2B 3B

119It is …that 通常不能强调哪些成分

    It was a teacher that she ____

Awas    Bseemed    Clooked    Dmarried

此题应选D 。从句意上看似乎4 个选项都行,其实这里只能填D 。因为填ABC 中的任意一个选项,都会导致句中的a teacher 成为表语,然而按照强调句句法规则,It is …that 这一强调句型是不能强调表语的。一般说来,以下成分不能用于强调句中的被强调部分:

1.表语:

她很美。

正:She is beautiful

误:It is beautiful that she is

但是宾语补足语却可以用作被强调部分:

他们选他担任主席。

正:They elected him chairman

正:It was chairman that they elected him

2sinceas 原因状语从句(但because 从句却可以):

他不能来是因为他病了。

正:It is because he is ill that he can't come

误:It is since[ as] he's ill that he can't come

3although 引导的让步状语从句:

虽然累了,但他还是去了。

正:He went although he was tired

误:It was although he was tired that he went

 

120.这是强调句吗

    It was 9 o'clock ____he came back last night

Athat    Bwhen   Csince   Dthis

此题应选B 。容易误选A,误认为这是强调句型。假若这里填that,构成强调句型,那么被强调的 9 o'clock 是什么成分呢(注意它不能作状语)?但是若在 9 o'clock 前加一个介词(atafterbefore 等),则可以填that 构成强调句。

试比较:

It was at ten o'clock that he came back.他回来时是10 点钟。

It was after ten o'clock that he came back.他是在10 点过后回来的。

It was before ten o'clock that he came back.他是在10 点前回来的。

以上分析告诉我们,上题填that 不对(除非 9 o'clock 前有介词)。那么填when 又作何解释呢?本题填when,全句构成主从复合句,其中的when 引导时间状语从句(意为的时候),全句意为:当他回来时,时间是晚上9 点。

再请比较:

aIt was lunchtime when he called.当他来访时,已是吃中饭的时候。

bIt was at lunchtime that he called.他是在吃中饭的时候来访的。

121.反意问句何时用肯定何时用否定

      He never comes late ____ he

Adoes    Bdoesn't    Cis   Disn't

此题应选A。容易误选B。按照构成反意问句的一般规则:当陈述部分为肯定式时,反意问句要用否定式;陈述部分为否定式时,反意问句要用肯定式:

He gets up at six in the morningdoesn't he?他早上6 点起床,是吗?

He doesn't get up at six in the morningdoes he

他早上不是在6 点起床,是吗?

另外,若陈述部分含有seldomhardlyneverrarelyfewnothingnowhere 等否定词或半否定词,则其反意问句部分要用肯定式:

Dick rarely got drunkdid he?迪克很少喝醉,是吗?

Few people like such a mando they?很少有人会喜欢那样的人,是吗?

He seldom comes to see youdoes he?他很少来看你,是吗?

Nothing in the book is interestingis it

这本书里没有一点是有趣的,是吗?

但是,若陈述部分有否定前缀,反意问句仍用否定式:

It is unfairisn't it?这不公平,不是吗?

He is unknownisn't he?他不出名,是吗?

122.反意问句的主语有何要求

      Peter likes history ____

Adoesn't Peter      Bdoesn't he

Cdoes Peter         Ddoes he

此题应选B。容易误选A。关于反意问句的主语问题,以下几点要注意:

1.在通常情况下,反意问句部分的主语只能是代词:

这男孩很聪明,是吗?

正:The boy was clever wasn't he

误:The boy was clever wasn't the boy

2.当陈述部分为there be 句型时,反意问句仍用there 主语(实为引导词):

There's rice in itisn't there?里面是大米,是吗?

3.当陈述部分的主语是thisthatthesethose 等指示代词时,反意问句用itthey 等代词:

That is a new carisn't it?这是一辆新汽车,是吗?

4.当陈述部分用不定代词one 作主语时,其反意问句可用one(正式)或you(非正式):

One can't be too carefulcan one[you]?越仔细越好,不是吗?

5.当陈述部分的主语是somebodysomeoneeveryoneev-erybodyno onenobody 等时,其反意问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they

Nobody camedid he[they]?没有人来,是吗?

6 当陈述部分的主语是something anything nothing everything.等时,其反意问句的主语通常用itNothing is newis it?没有什么是新的,是吗?

123.如何理解这个aren't I

     I'm your friend ____

Aamn't I       Bamn't you

Caren't I       Daren't you

此题应选C。容易误选A。这是一种比较特殊的反意问句,即陈述部分是I'm 结构时,反意问句通常要用aren't I。产生这种特殊现象的主要原因是:因为反意问句为否定式时通常要缩写(若不缩写则用较正式的am I not),而amnot 在标准英语中又没有相应的缩写式,所以人们便用aren't 来代之。

但是值得注意的是aren't 只适用于单数第一人称的问句形式(不能用于陈述句):

正:I'm wrongaren't I?我错了,是吗?

正:Aren't I clever?我是不是很聪明?

误:I aren't clever.(我不聪明)

正:I'm not clever.我不聪明。

顺便说一句,在英语的方言和未受过教育的人使用的语言中,还有一个缩写式用得很经常,就是ain't,它可以代表 am notare notis nothas nothave not 等(考试时应避免):

I ain't going to tell you about it.我不准备把此事告诉你。

My girlfriend ain't come for weeks.我的女朋友有好几个星期没有来了。

Don't speak to me like that—you ain't my boss

不要那样对我说话,你又不是我的老板。

—It's raining.下雨了。

—Noit ain't.没有下。

 124.陈述部分有动词have,反意问句如何构成

     He hasn't a lot of time to spare ____ he

Ahas      Bdoes    Chasn't     Ddoesn't

此题应选A。容易误选B。关于陈述部分含有动词have 时,其反意问句的动词形式应注意以下几点:

1.当have 为助动词时,其反意问句沿用同样的助动词:

He has read ithasn't he?他读过它了,是吗?

2.当have 为实义动词时,要分两种情况:

1)若表示所有,反意问句可以沿用陈述部分的have,也可以用do 的适当形式:

He has a computerhasn't[doesn't]he?他有一台电脑,是吗?

但是若陈述部分为have 的否定式,则反意问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:

He hasn't any moneyhas he?他没有钱,是吗?

He doesn't have any moneydoes he?他没有钱,是吗?

2)表示所有以外的意思时,反意问句要用do

He has supper at 5doesn't he?他5 点吃晚餐,是吗?

He had a good time at the partydidn't he

他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?

3.当用于have to(必须,不得不)时,通常也有两种可能:若是表示经常性的行为,则多用加助动词do 的形式;若是表示特定的行为,则多沿用陈述部分的have

He often has to get up earlydoesn't he?他经常要早起,是吗?

He has to go to bed late tonighthasn't he?他今晚要迟睡,是吗?

 125.含有情态动词的句子如何变为反意问句

   He must have watched TV last night ____ he

Amusntn't        Bneedn't

Cdidn't           Dhaven't

此题应选C。容易误选A。关于陈述部分含有情态动词的反意问句,其变化形式比较复杂,

现总结如下:

1.当陈述部分含有must 表示必须或有必要时,其反意问句可用musnt't needn't

You must go there at oncemustn't[needn't]you

他必须(有必要)马上去那儿,是吗?

但是若陈述部分有mustn't 表示禁止,反意问句要用must

You mustn't laughmust you?你不准笑,知道吗?

2.当陈述部分有must 表示推测时,反意问句不能用must,而应根据must 后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:

He must be tiredisn't he?他一定累了,是吗?

He must have read ithasn't[didn't]he?他一定读过它,是吗?

He must have left yesterdaydidn't he?他昨晚一定走了,是吗?

(句中因用yesterday,故用didn't

3.当陈述部分含有may 时,其反意问句根据情况可以用mayn'tmightn'twon't 等:

I may leave nowmayn't I?我可以走了,行吗?

He may be here next weekmightn't[won't]he

他下星期可能来这里,是吗?

4.当陈述部分有used to 时,反意问句可用used todid

He used to come hereusedn't[didn't]he

他过去常来这儿,是吗?

126.陈述部分有Let'sLet us,如何构成反意问句

    aLet us tell you what has happened ____ you

bIf you want to golet us go together ____ we

Awillwill         Bshallshall

Cshallwill        Dwillshall

此题应选 D。容易误选A。不少人认为:陈述部分为 let us (分开写)时,反意问句就一定用 will you;而陈述部分为 let's(缩写)时,反意问句就一定要用 shall we。其实这种说法是不准确的。

为了弄清这个问题,首先要区别 let us let's

1let us 中的us 既可指说话者一方(此时表示请求或命令),也可以指说话者和听话者双方(此时表示建议或劝诱,此用法较正式)。

2let's 中的's=us)则一定指说话者和听话者双方(表示建议或劝诱),不能指说话者一方(即不能用来表示命令或请求)。

弄清了以上区别,便可讨论其反意问句了:一般说来,表示请求或命令(此时须分写为let us)时,反意问句要用will you;表示建议或劝诱(此时可缩写或分开写)时,反意问句要用 shall we

Let us know your addresswill you?请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?

(表请求,故用will you?)

Let us go swimming togethershall we?我们一起去游泳好吗?

(表示建议[较正式],故用shall we?)

Let's go swimming togethershall we?我们一起去游泳好吗?

(表示建议[较口语化],故用shall we?)

 127.祈使句如何变为反意问句

     acome early tomorrow ____ you

bDon't be late again ____ you

Awilldo         Bwon'twill

C willcan't       Dwon'twon't

此题应选B。关于祈使句的反意问句要注意以下几点:

1.当陈述部分为祈使句时,反意问句通常用will youwon't you

would you 等:

Do sit downwill you?请坐下,好吗?

Come herewon't you?请过来,好吗?

Give me a handwould you?帮我一下,好吗?

有时根据语境的需要,反意问句也可以用can youcan”t youwhy don't youcould you 等:

Give me some cigarettescan you?给我些香烟,可以吗?

=Can you give me some cigarettes?)

Walk fastercan't you?走快点,不行吗?(=Can't you walk faster?)

一般说来,用will youwon't youwould you 等构成的反意问句,语气较委婉。试比较:

Be quietwill you?请安静,好吗?(较委婉)

Be quietcan't you?你不能安静点吗?(不够委婉)

2.当陈述部分为否定的祈使句时,其反意问句通常只用willyou

Don't move itwill you?不要动它,好吗?

Don't forget to phone mewill you?别忘了给我打电话,好吗?

 128.陈述部分为I think that 时,如何构成反意问句

    I don't think that he cares ____

Ado I          Bdoes he

Cdon't I        Ddoesn't he

此题应选B。容易误选A。当陈述部分为主从复合句时,其反意问句要注意以下情况:

1.对于一般的主从复合句,其反意问句通常与主句保持一致:

She says that I did itdoesn't she?她说那是我干的,是吗?

He thinks that the price is too high doesn't he

他认为这价格太高了,是吗?

He told you that the meeting would be put offdidn't he

他告诉你会议要延期,是吗?

2.当陈述部分的主句为 I thinkI supposeI believe 等结构时,反意问句通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移):

I think that he is wrongisn't he?我认为他错了,是吗(他错了吗)?

I don't think he likes itdoes he?我认为他不喜欢它,是吗(他喜欢吗)?

注意:有时可见以下特殊形式的问句:I think he is wrongdon't you?此句摘自《朗文当代英语词典》,其大意为:我认为他错了,你说呢?其实此句中的 don't you?相当于 don't you think so

以下实例也属类似情况:I think she is maddon't you

 

129.你知道感叹句的基本句型吗

    ____ terrible weather we have been having thesedays

AHow a     BWhat a    CHow     DWhat

此题应选D。容易误选BC。感叹句的两类基本结构为:

aHow +adjadv +主语 +谓语!

bWhat +aan +adj +n +主语 +谓语!

b 类句型中要特别注意的是:若其中的名词是不可数名词(尤其是 advicefoodfunharmhomeworkhouseworkinformationlucknewsprogressweatherwealth 等)或复数名词,则其前不用不定冠词。

请做有关练习:

1 ____ careless he is

AWhat         BHow   CSo much   DHow  much

2OhJohn ____ pleasant surprise you gave us

AHow a         BHow   CWhat a    D What

3 ____ nice food you've cooked

AHow a    BWhat a      CHow      DWhat

4 ____ great fun it is

AWhat     BHow        C What a   DHow a

5 ____ bad luck we have had

AWhat     BHow        CHow a    DWhat a

答案:1B 2C 3D 4A 5A

130.这句话的词序值得注意

      aThey ____ clever

bHow clever they ____

Aall areall are      Bare all are all

Call areare all      Dare allall are

此题应选D。容易误选B

1a 句填are allThey are all clever),这还好理解。

2b 句要填all areHow clever they all are),这对考生来说就比较费解了。

关于这个问题要注意两点:

1)在通常情况下,像allbothneveralwaysoften 等词应放在特殊动词

(助动词,情态动词,be 动词)之后:

We are all students.我们都是学生。

We have never been there.我们从未去过那儿。

2)但是当allbothnever 等词和特殊动词位于句末时,两者要交换位置:

他从未去过日本,但我们俩去过。

误:He has never been to Japanbut we have both

正:He has never been to Japanbut we both have

3)由于感叹句的句型特点是

aHow +adjadv +主语 +谓语!

bWhat +aan +adj +n +主语 +谓语!

主语 +谓语位于句末,所以此时要特别注意:若谓语为“allboth +特殊动词

不要搞错了位置:

They are both excited.他们俩都很激动。

→How excited both are!他们俩真激动!

WhatHow的感叹句用法

What a beautiful flower this is!

How beautiful this flower is!

如何区别及应用以上两种感叹句式,首先得了解作感叹词时,whathow各自的词性及其语法功能:

what adj. 修饰名词;

how adv. 修饰形容词、副词及动词。

针对名词发出感叹时,用what引导;针对形容词、副词及动词发出感叹时,用how引导。

归纳起来,由whathow所引导的感叹句,常见的句型有:

1. 针对主语补语(即表语)部分所发出的感叹句,其句型为:What / How +主语补语+主语+谓语动词。例如:

What a beautiful flower this is!

这是多么漂亮的花儿啊!

How beautiful this flower is!

这花儿多么漂亮啊!

2. 针对主语部分的感叹句,其句型为:What +主语+谓语动词。例如:

What a strange fellow is coming!

 来了个多么奇怪的家伙!

3. 针对宾语部分的感叹句,其句型为:What +宾语+主语+谓语动词。例如:

What a fuss they made!

瞧他们这般大惊小怪的样子!

4. 针对状语部分的感叹句,其句型为:What / How +状语+主语+谓语动词。例如:

What a long time we have been waiting for you!

 我们一直等你等了好久了!

How cruelly he treated his slaves!

他对待奴隶多么残酷呀!

How accomplished a pianist he is!

 他的钢琴造诣何等高超哇!

5. 针对谓语动词的感叹句,其句型为:How +主语+谓语动词。例如:

How I hated these beasts!

 我多么痛恨这些畜牲!

whathow所引导的感叹句常采用的省略式有两种类型:

1. 语法省略式 例如:

What a useful book (I have)! 

(我有)多有用的一本书啊!

What splendid cloth (it looks)!

(这看上去)多精美的布啊!

How hot (I’m feeling)!

 (这会儿我感到)多热呀!

这种省略式通常限于主谓部分的省略,用于述听双方都明确其意思的场合。该句式突出感叹部分,而并不影响句子的原意。

2. 语义省略式 例如:

What a lie!

真是弥天大谎!

What a day

鬼天气!

How the baby cried!

这婴儿哭得多厉害呀!

How you frightened me!

  瞧你吓死我啦!

这种省略式的特点是有意将所感叹的中心词抽掉,造成语义上的空白,从而取得含蓄的效果。然而,正是由于其语义空白,有时难免造成理解上的含混。比如,针对上句What a day!你既可以理解为:

What a wonderful day

 多美妙的天气啊!

也可以理解为:

What an ugly day

多糟糕的天气呀!

这时,需借助语境或根据说话人的语气进行判断。

最后,附带提出whathow所引起的感叹句的语序问题。一般场合,其完整的语序为:

What / How感叹部分+主语+谓语动词。

但偶尔也采用倒装结构(主语与谓语动词的功能词倒置),即

What / How感叹部分+功能词+主语+(谓语动词)。

例如:

What a fool am I!

 我真是个傻瓜蛋!

How carefully did they search the room

他们把房间搜查得多仔细哟!

这类句子可见于口语或相当旧式的文体中,现代英语的正式文体较为罕见。

 

【注1what作为感叹词,传统英语语法归类为形容词,但现代英语语法将其归类为限定词(determiner)【注2】实义动词behavehas)本身可充当功能词,直接用于倒装结构。