解读中央经济工作会议:把富民作为扩大内需着力点

张茉楠

2011年12月15日09:04    来源：

 

　　中央经济工作会议落下帷幕，在明确明年宏观经济五大任务以及稳中求进的主基调下，“提高中等收入者比重”成为了此次会议的亮点之一，可以说这既是践行“十二五”时期向扩大内需转变的重要举措，也表明中国正力图跨越“中等收入陷阱”，改变财富分配失衡，推动中国经济从“国富”向“民富”转型的新起点。

　　回顾中国经济30多年的发展历程，摆脱“贫困陷阱”，从低收入国家向中等收入国家迈进是十分成功的。改革开放30年以来，中国正赶上了全球产业与贸易分工体系重组的浪潮，中国利用自身的资源优势、成本优势、市场潜力和产业配套能力强不仅使中国全面融入全球经济体系中，也实现了向以外需为驱动的生产型大国的第一次转型。

　　但是，不可否认的是，中国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出，这其中内需发展失衡是中国经济深层次矛盾的核心。而导致我国内需长期迟迟难以启动、最终消费不足，则与初次分配和二次再分配环节的收入分配结构不合理直接相关。在初步分配中，目前存在“劳动收入在GNI(国民收入)中所占比例低”、“工资收入占国民收入的比重低”以及“劳动要素在企业内部分配中比重低”的“三低”现象;造成再分配环节对居民收入的“逆调节”问题较为突出。这些因素直接导致了国民收入增长速度未跟上国家经济增长速度，消费占GDP比重持续下降，这是制约内需增长的根本因素。

　　当前，世界形势的急剧变化超人预料，其前景更是存在较大的不确定性。特别是欧美债务危机的影响日益加深，世界各国都面临着前所未有的挑战。在这个特定背景下，中国经济的未来之路何去何从?国家牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，把扩大内需的重点更多放在保障和改善民生，改变收入分配，提高中等收入者比重上来，就是剑指矛盾要害，抓住了“牛鼻子”。

　　把蛋糕做大还要分好蛋糕，“民富优先”的更大意义在于政府让利，这势必要求提高居民收入，从而降低政府所得在G D P中的比重。这些年政府的财政收入增长要远远超过工资收入性增长，今年中国财政收入突破10万亿规模几成定局。如果考虑到我国13亿人口，超10万亿的财政收入平均到个人数量并不多，而如果考虑到财政的公共福利投入则还有更大的空间。数据显示，2010年全国财政用于保障改善民生的支出合计达到59601.82亿元，占全国公共财政支出的66.3%。因此，如何进一步完善财政收支结构，如何把政府的可支配收入转化为居民可直接支配的收入，如何通过全面降低宏观税负真正做到“还富于民”，如何真正落实提高“中等收入比重”的承诺，正是我们所期待的。

　　中国正站在一个十字路口上，以往的国家盈利模式正面临着深度转型的重大挑战，它将涉及一国整体的发展路径和动力结构的转换，而从“国富”到“民富”的二次转型，不仅能够释放出更大的内需活力，也将是中国经济走向成熟的重要一步。

Reading the central economic work conference: the prosperous common people as the expansion of domestic demand organizations

Zhang Mo nan

December 15, 2011 09:04    Source:The economic reference news     

 

The centraleconomicCurtain was working conference, next year in clear macroeconomic five task and WenZhongQiuJin advocate fundamental key, "raise the proportion of middle-income earners" has become one of the highlights of this meeting, can say this is the practice of "1025" to periodExpanding domestic demandThe change is an important measure, also suggests that China is forcefigureCross "moderate income trap", changewealthDistribution imbalance, the promotion of China's economy from "compile" to "people rich" transformation of the new starting point.

China's economic review of more than 30 years development course, to get rid of the poverty trap ", from low-income countries to middle-income countries is striding forward very successful.30 years since reform and opening up, China is to catch up with the global industry and trade division of labor system restructuring of the wave, China use of their own advantages in resources and cost advantages, market potential and industrial supporting ability not only make China to be fully integrated into the global economic system, and realize the need to drive to the outside of the production of the nation's first transformation.

However, it is undeniable that China developing unbalance, not harmonious, unsustainable problem is still outstanding, which is China's economic development domestic demand imbalance deep contradictions core.And lead to China's domestic demand, finally it is hard to start late for a long timeconsumptionInsufficient, the first distribution and secondary redistribution of income distribution link structure unreasonable directly related.In the preliminary distribution of, there is "labor income in the GNI (national income) as a proportion of the low," "wage income accounts for the proportion of the national income low" and "labor elements in the enterprise internal distribution of lower proportion" of the "three low" phenomenon;Cause redistribution link to the income of the residents "inverse regulation" problem is serious.These factors led directly to the national income growth not keep up with the national economic growth speed, consumption of GDP continues to decline, this is the fundamental factors restricting the domestic demand growth.

At present, the situation of the world change sharply superman expected, its prospect is there is greater uncertainty.Especially in Europe and the United StatesdebtThe influence of service crisis ever stronger, and the world are facing unprecedented challenges.In this particular context, China's economic future way where to go?National firmly grasp the expansion of domestic demand this strategic basis points, to expand domestic demand more emphasis on security and the improvement of people's life, change the income distribution, improving the proportion of middle-income earners come up, is key to sword contradiction, caught the "key".

The cake do big also points good cake, "people rich first" greater significance lies in profits to the government, this will demand more residents' income, so as to reduce government income in G D P of income.For years the government's revenue is growing much more than wage income growth of this year, China's finance income topping 10 trillion scale a few entrenched.If you consider that our country population of 1.3 billion, the 10 trillion fiscal income average to personal quantity is not much, but if you consider that financial of public welfare into there are more space.Data showed that in 2010, the national financial guarantee for improving the people's livelihood spending amounted to 5.960182 trillion yuan, accounting for 66.3% of all public spending.Therefore, how to further perfect the financial revenue and expenditure, how to put the government's disposable income into residents can directly control income, how to pass comprehensive macro tax burden reduce truly "still abound people", how to really putting the improve "moderate income proportion" commitment, is what we expected.

China is standing at a crossroads in, the former national profit model is facing a major challenge is transforming, it will be involved in the development of the whole country path and the transformation of the power structure, and from "compile" to "people rich" second transition, not only be able to release more domestic demand vitality, also will be the country's economy of the maturity of the important step.