不可能完成的任务节目:小学及新概念英语一语法整理

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小升初小学英语语法复习要点归纳
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
二、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。
2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。
3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

四、be going to
1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +动词原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如:Who is going to play football?
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句: ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

六年级英语语法知识汇总
一、词类:
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、 动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:
↗有,就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词 (若是be going to 就用原形)
↘没有,再看情态动词
↗有,就用原形
↗有,就加ed
↘没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语 ↗是第三人称单数就加s或es
↘没有,再看主语
↘不是第三人称单数就用原形
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
判断步骤: ↗第一、三人称单数,就用was
↗有,再看人称
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were
看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗第一人称单数,就用am
↘没有,再看人称→第三人称单数,就有is
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are
(3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、 名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
判断步骤:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4、 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性(短) 名词性(长) 形容词性(短) 名词性(长)
第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5、 数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
二、否定句:
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
三、一般疑问句。
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
四、特殊疑问句。
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何对划线部分提问:
1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用汉语进行提问。
如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?
3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。
如上句When is his birthday ?
五、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
六、时态
1、一般现在时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day .
She often does some housework at the weekend .
(2)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
有两种情况:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):
△be动词是am、is、are
△动词用原形或加s、es
△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间
(5)有用的的依据:
Be动词是is、am ←→ 名词用原形(这里包括可数名词的单数和不可数名词)
Be动词是are ←→ 名词加s或es
动词加s或es ←→ 主语是第三人称单数
动词用原形 ←→ 主语不是第三人称单数
(6)情态动词:
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、一般过去时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The girls were on the grass just now .
They visited my parents last weekend .
(2)一般过去时中的be动词:
一般用过去式:was were
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):
△be动词是was、were
△动词加ed
△有表示过去的时间状语
现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:
just now a moment yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago
five years ago
(5)有用的的依据:
Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时
动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to +动词原形。
这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形←→ 该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
七、Have、Has和There be结构
1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were
2、意思都是“有”。
3、和have、has、had的区别:
(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。
(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
新概念英语第一册语法总结:动词的变化
1)代词及be动词
  主格 I we you you she/he/it they
  宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
  代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
  名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
  be动词现在时 Am are are are is are
  be动词过去时 was were were were was were
 
2)名词的复数
  规则变化的名词复数形式
  规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells  toy→toys
  规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes  church→churches
  规则3 以o结尾s或+es e.g. radio→radios  potato→potatoes
  规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives  half→halves
  规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies  study→studies
 
3)动词的第三人称单数形式
  规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
  规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
  规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
 
4)动词现在分词
  规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking,  read-reading,  play-playing
  规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
  规则3 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing  e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
 
5)动词过去式
      规则动词变化
    规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
  规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
  规则3 以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
  规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed  stop-stopped
      过去式的读音
  在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
  在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
  在/t/,/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated
 
6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
      比较级
      规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
  规则2 以结尾加-r nice-nicer
  规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier
  规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
      最高级
      规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
  规则2 以结尾加-st nice-nicet
  规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
  规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest
 
7)常见缩写:
  is='s I am=I'm are='re
  is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
  do not=don't
  does not=doesn't
  was='s
  did not=didn't
  can not=can't
  have='ve
  has='s
  have not=haven't
  has not=hasn't
  will='ll
      will not=won't
  shall not=shan't

新概念英语第一册语法总结:直接引语/间接引语
直接引语/间接引语
如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词
1) 时态变化:
  一般现在时——一般过去时
  现在进行时——过去进行时
  一般过去时——过去完成时
  现在完成时——过去完成时
  一般将来时——过去将来时
  be going to——was/were going to/would
  can--could
  may--might
2) 时间地点及指示词的变化:
  here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…
3) 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。
4) 直接宾语/间接宾语
  主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
  直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。
  He gives me a book.(me间接宾语,a book直接宾语)
  直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for:
  主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语
  Give me a book. = Give the book to me.
  Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.
  Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.

新概念英语第一册语法总结:倒装句
倒装句:so/neither的倒装
eg: He can swim. So can I.
  I didn't go to class. Neither did I.
结构:
  so/neither+be+ 主语
  so/neither+助动词+ 主语
  so/neither+情态动词+ 主语
助动词:
     一般现在时: do, does/am, is, are
  现在进行时: am, is, are
  一般过去时: did
  现在完成时: have, has
  一般将来时: will, shall
  过去进行时: was, were
  过去完成时: had
  过去将来时: would
新概念英语第一册语法总结:祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。
★肯定句:动词原型
Come here, please.
Go downstairs, please.
Stand up.
Sit down.
Be quiet.
Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾:
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
 
★否定:Don't+动词原型
Don't come here.
Don't sit down.
Don't stand up.
Don't give me it.
 
let sb. do 让某人做
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let's have a rest.
反意疑问:
Let's have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let us go out for a drink, will you?
新概念英语第一册语法总结:感叹句
感叹句:
1) What +名词+主语+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is!
What tall buildings they are!
2) How +形容词+主语+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
How tall the buildings are!
在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略:
What a nice present!(省略it is)
How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)
新概念英语第一册语法总结:不定代词及不定副词
不定代词及不定副词
some, any, no, every
-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything
-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone
-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere
-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody
例子:
1)I looked for my book everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
2)If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.
3)Help! Somebody? Anybody?
4)You are really something. 你真了不起!(口语中常用 "something"来表示“真像回事儿”,“真行”的意思)
5)Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
6)Where did you go? I went nowhere.
7)Nobody is at home.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:need的用法
need的用法
表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:
I need a pen.
Do you need any beer? No, I don’t.
I need to have a rest.
Need doing=need to be done (表示被动)
The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。
need在否定时做情态动词使用:
You needn’t go so early. (=You don’t need to go so early.)
Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:情态动词的使用
情态动词的使用
1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)
  结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型
  He can make the tea.
  Sally can air the room.
  We can speak English.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
  Can he make the tea?
  Can Sally air the room?
  Can we speak English?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
  He cannot make the tea.
  Sally cannot air the room.
  We cannot speak English.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.
  Yes, she can. / No, she cannot.
  Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.
★特殊疑问句:(必背)
  What can you do?
注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。
2)must/have to的区别
  must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做
  must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何时态
3)must, may, might表示猜测:
   must do 表示对现在事实的猜测
   must have done表示对过去事实的猜测
   must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测
   may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
4)can't/couldn't 表示不可能

新概念英语第一册语法总结:副词
副词
副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如:
The book is very good.
He runs fast.
She came here quite early.
Certainly I will go with you.
副词变化形式:
直接在形容词后加-ly:
careful-carefully, slow-slowly
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变i, 加-ly:
happy-happily, lucky-luckily
有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化:
fast, hard, late
有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately
新概念英语第一册语法总结:名词
名词
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词:
1)不可数名词
无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice
抽象的东西:love, beauty, coldness
不可数名词有以下特点:
不能用a, an修饰;
不能加s;
和单数be动词或动词搭配。
 
2)可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells book→books
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes  church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radio→radios
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives  half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies  fly→flies
不规则变化的名词复数形式
man(men)  woman(women)  foot(feet) goose(geese) tooth(teeth)
child(children)  sheep(sheep)   deer(deer)   mouse(mice)  fish(fish)
新概念英语第一册语法总结:限定词
限定词:
some, any, many, much
some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。注意:当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some。
I have some milk.
I don't have any milk.
May I have some milk?
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。在口语中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。
I have a lot of money.
I don't have much money.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:问句
问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句
1) 一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语
  Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?
2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
  What is your name?
3) 选择疑问句:or
  Do you want beef or lamb?
4) 反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分
  You don't need that pen, do you?
5) 否定疑问句:一般疑问句+否定词
  Aren't you lucky? Don't you want have a rest?
新概念英语第一册语法总结:过去将来时
过去将来时
结构:would do
  She said she would go here the next morning.
两个特殊句型:there be 句型,be going to 结构
1) Be going to 结构——表示打算,准备,计划做某事
★结构:主语+be动词+going to +动词原型
  I am going to make a bookcase.
  They are going to paint it.
  The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
  Are you going to make a bookcase?
  Are they going to paint it?
  Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
  I am not going to make a bookcase.
  They are going to paint it.
  The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
  Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
  Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
★特殊疑问句(必背)
  What are you going to do?
  What are they going to do?
  What is the father going to do?
 
2) There be 句型——表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)   
     There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
  There is a book in this room.
  There is a pen on the table
  There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
  There are two pens on the table.
  There are three schools there.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
  Is there a book in this room?
  Are there two pens on the table?
★变否定句在动词后面加not
  There is not a book in this room.
  There are not two pens on the table.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, there is. / No, there is not.
  Yes, there are. / No, there are not.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:过去进行时
过去进行时
——表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。
结构:was/were+doing
When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.
Their father was watching TV while they were having dinner.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Was their father watching TV while they were having dinner.
★变否定句在be动词后面加 not
Their father was not watching TV while they were having dinner.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:过去完成时
过去完成时
用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构:had+过去分词
  After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
  They had sold the car before I asked the price.
  The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。
★ 变疑问句将助动词移到句首
    Had she finished her homework?
★ 变否定句在助动词后面加not
  She hadn't finished her homework.
★ 肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
★ 特殊疑问句
  What had she done?
新概念英语第一册语法总结:一般将来时
一般将来时
——表示将来将要发生的动作, 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。
结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形
  I will go to America tomorrow.
  The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
  Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
  Will you go to America tomorrow?
  Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
  Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
  I will not go to America tomorrow.
  The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
  Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
  Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.
  Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
★特殊疑问句
  What will you do?
新概念英语第一册语法总结:现在完成时
现在完成时
构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词
用法:
1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。
  I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了。)
  He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝。)
  They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)
  The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了。)
2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
  Have you finished your homework?
  Have you been to Beijing?
  Have he seen the film?
3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
  I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
  I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情
  I have never had a bath.
  I have never seen a film.
  I have never been to cinema.
  I have ever been to Paris.
  Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了
  I have been to London.(人已经回来)
  He has gone to London.(人还在那里)
5) 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用
  I have lost my pen.
  I have hurt myself.
  He has become a teacher.
  She has broken my heart.
 
句型变化:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.
  Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, I have. / No, I have not.
★特殊疑问句
  What have you done?
  What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
  凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
  注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。
  错:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
  对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:一般过去时
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago...
含有be动词的句子,将be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were:
  I was at the butcher's.
  You were a student a year ago.
  The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
  Were you at the butcher's?
  Were you a student a year ago?
  Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
  I was not at the butcher's.
  You were not a student a year ago.
  The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答否定回答
  Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
  Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
  Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.
★特殊疑问句
  What did you do?(必背)
 
不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式:
  I finished my homework yesterday.
  The boy went to a restaurant.
  The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型
  Did you finish your homework yesterday?
  Did the boy go to a restaurant?
  Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not
  I did not finish my homework yesterday.
  The boy did not go to a restaurant.
  The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
  Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
  Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.
  Yes, they did. / No, they did not.
新概念英语第一册语法总结:现在进行时
现在进行时
——表示现在正在进行的动作
构成:主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分
     We are having lunch.
  He is reading a book.
  The dog is running after a cat.
  The boys are swimming across the river.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
  Are we having lunch?
  Is he reading a book?
  Is the dog running after a cat?
  Are the boys swimming across the river?
★变否定句在be动词后面加 not
  We are not having lunch.
  He is not reading a book.
  The dog is not running after a cat.
  The boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.
  疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词
  What are you doing?
  What is she doing?
  What is the dog doing?
 
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作:
1. 表示感觉,感官的词
  see, hear, like, love, want
2. have, has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时
新概念英语第一册语法总结:一般现在时
英语中的时态一共有八种,它们是:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。
今天我们所要讲的就是第一种: 一般现在时——表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
1、含有be动词的句子
     He is a teacher.
     The girl is very beautiful.
     Tim and Jack are students.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
     Is he a teacher?
     Is the girl very beautiful?
     Are Tim and Jack students?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
     He is not a teacher.
     The girl is not very beautiful.
     Tim and Jack are not students.
★肯定回答及否定回答
     Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
     Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
     Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
 
2、不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子。
(1)第三人称单数及单数名词
     He likes books.
     She likes him.
     The dog likes bones.
★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型
     Does he like books?
     Does she like him?
     Does the dog like bones?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn't, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。
     He doesn't like books.
     She doesn't like him.
     The dog doesn't like bones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
     Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
     Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't
     Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
(2)其他人称及复数名词
     I want to have a bath.
     We have some meat.
     The students like smart teachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do
     Do you want to have a bath?
     Do we have any meat?
     Do the students like smart teachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.
     You don't want to have a bath.
     We don't have any meat.
     The students don't like smart teachers.
★肯定回答及否定回答
     Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
     Yes, we do. /  No, we don't
     Yes, they do. / No, they don't.
新概念英语第一册语法点梳理
新概念一共144课,其中单课为课文,双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课,并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习,从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。
以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析,以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。
首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析:
  本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的,首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态,这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。
  Lesson 31—34 现在进行时
  Lesson 37—40 第一次出现be going to 的将来时
  Lesson 51—56 一般现在时
  Lesson 67—76 为一般过去式
  Lesson 83—90 为现在完成时
  Lesson 91—96 为一般将来时 (will)
  Lesson 117—118 过去进行时
  Lesson 119—120 过去完成时
 
  除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课,每一课小的语言点,语法点都是在什么地方,应该用什么样的方式来讲解。
  在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。
  Lesson1—2
  语言点:与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.
  语法点:主系表结构this为主语,名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.
   Lesson 5—6
   语言点:如何介绍别人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you.
   语法点:主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。She is French. He is German. It’s a Volvo.(L6)
             a/an 的使用。
  Lesson 7—8
  语言点:如何自我介绍和相互认识。
  语法点:主语为第二人称的主系表结构。Are you French?
             What nationality are you? What’s your job? 特殊疑问句。
  Lesson 9—10
  语言点:朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。How are you?
  语法点:主系表结构形容词做表语。
             介词短语表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall
      Lesson 29—30
  语言点:如何发号命令。
  语法点:祈使句(肯定)。
             动词与宾语的固定搭配。
  Lesson 37—38
     语言点:如何表达将要做的事情。
   语法点:现在进行时态be going to do结构表达将要发生的事情。
            There be 句型的一般疑问句形式。
  Lesson 41-42
  语法点:如何表示不可数名词的量。
  Lesson 63-64
  语言点:建议忠告。
  语法点:don’t do…. You mustn’t do…
  Lesson 65-66
  语法点:具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟)。
             反身代词。
             具体日期表达方式。
  Lesson 73-74
  语言点:问路。
  语法点:不规则动词的过去式。
             形容词转变成副词。
  Lesson 77-78
  语言点:看病。
  语法点:综合时间表达方式。
  Lesson 105-106
  语言点:办公室用语。
  语法点:want sb to do…./ tell sb to do…以及其否定形式。
  Lesson 103-104
  语言点:考试。
  语法点:宾语从句。(从句部分为非现在时态)
             程度副词 too, very ,enough
  Lesson 125-126
  语言点:/
  语法点:have to do…/ don’t need to do…
  Lesson 127-128
  语言点:娱乐界。
  语法点:must/can’t 对现在事情的肯定/否定猜测。
  Lesson 129-130
  语言点:交通状况。
  语法点:must/can’t have been….对过去事情的肯定/否定猜测。
  Lesson 131-132
  语言点:度假。
  语法点:may 对现在/过去事情的肯定或否定猜测。
 
  以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨:
  现在完成时:Lesson 83—90
  直接引语变成间接引语:Lesson 99—102
  形容词的比较级和最高级:Lesson107—112
  neither ,so 的用法:Lesson 113—114
  不定代词的用法:Lesson 115—116
  过去进行和过去完成时:Lesson 117—120
  定语从句:Lesson 121—124
  情态动词的综合用法:Lesson 125—132
     直接引语变间接引语:Lesson 133—136(着重讲时态的倒推)
     if 的用法:Lesson 137—140
     被动语态:Lesson 141—144