陕西一区cf贴吧:中考英语语法讲解第一讲—名词

　　名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,follow me。

　　First, 名词复数的特殊变化。

　　普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：

　　a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；

　　b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；

　　c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；

　　d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。

　　e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

　　注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；

　　f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the  Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。

　　注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。

　　别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

　　a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men　workers， women teachers。

　　b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。

　　哇！这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。

　　这里面内容可谓少之又少，可也不能小视呦。

　　名词所有格：

　　表示"……的"通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示"分别有"。.如：John's and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。

　　还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。

　　好，名词部分我们已经学完，It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，

　　Are you ready?

　　练习：

　　1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.

　　A. women …girls

　　B. women… girl

　　C. woman…girls

　　D. woman…girl

　　2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.

　　A. Jack's aunt's

　　B. Jack's aunt

　　C. Jack aunt's

　　D. aunt's of Jack

　　3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.

　　A. ten-year-old

　　B. ten-years-old

　　C. ten-year-older

　　D.ten-years-older

　　4. The farmer raised ten _________.

　　A. sheeps

　　B. deers

　　C. horse

　　D. cows

　　5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.

　　A. her grandmother

　　B. her grandmother's

　　C. her grandmothers'

　　D. that of her grandmother

　　6. We have moved into a ________.

　　A. two- storey house

　　B. house of two storey

　　C. two-storeys house

　　D. two storeys house

　　7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.

　　A. box's steel

　　B. box of a steel

　　C. steel box

　　D. box of the steel

　　8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.

　　A. the Teacher's Day

　　B. Teacher's Day

　　C. a Teacher's Day

　　D. Teachers' Day

　　9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.

　　A. he

　　B. him

　　C. his

　　D. her

　　10. _________are big and bright.

　　A. The classroom window

　　B. The window of the classroom

　　C. The windows of the classroom

　　1. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.

　　A. a

　　B. an

　　C. the

　　D. /

　　2. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.

　　A. you

　　B. your

　　C. Lucy

　　D. yours

　　3. What's " potato" in Chinese?　－It's _____ .

　　A. 香蕉

　　B. 大白菜

　　C. 西红柿

　　D. 土豆

　　4. The ninth month of a year is _______.

　　A. December

　　B. November

　　C. September

　　D. October

　　5. A: Must I leave now?

　　B: No, you _______.

　　A. needn't

　　B. mustnt

　　C. don't

　　D. won't

　　6. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.

　　A. on

　　B. of

　　C. at

　　D. to

　　7. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.

　　A. few

　　B. a few

　　C. little

　　D. a little

　　8. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?

　　B: Yes, I ______there last winter.

　　A. gone, went

　　B. been, went

　　C. gone , have been

　　D. been, have

　　9. Do you ________English?

　　A. tell

　　B. say

　　C. talk

　　D. speak

　　10. A: May I _______your ruler?

　　B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.

　　A. lend, borrow

　　B. lend, lend

　　C. borrow , lend

　　D. borrow, borrow

　　11. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.

　　A. can't rain

　　B. won't rain

　　C. don't rain

　　D. doesn't rian

　　12. Do you know ________?

　　A. where does he study

　　B. he studies where

　　C. where he studies

　　D. he where studies

　　13. A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?

　　B: Once a month

　　A. How often

　　B. How long

　　C. how much

　　D. how many

　　14. A: Would you like another cup of orange?

　　B: ______I'm full.

　　A. No, thanks

　　B. Yes, please.

　　C. Here it is.

　　D. I don't like.

　　15. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?

　　A. to stop to have

　　B. stop having

　　C. stop to have

　　D. to stop having