redis php:当心你杯中的咖啡因含量！

科学家呼吁：当心咖啡中的咖啡因含量

Some cups of coffee sold on the high street contain up to six times as much caffeine as those produced by rival outlets, a study has shown.

有研究表明，街头售卖的一些咖啡中的咖啡因含量为同类咖啡的6倍。

  Researchers found large discrepancies in caffeine levels in espressos, contradicting the widespread belief that retailers follow a uniform set of guidelines.

研究者发现，市面上出售的各种浓缩咖啡（espresso）咖啡因含量大相径庭，零售商们的做法显然不象大众所想象的那样遵循着某种统一标准。

Medical experts warned that the differences were potentially putting pregnant women at greater risk of miscarriage. They found that café customers were unaware of the wide variations in caffeine levels.

医学专家警告称这种现象的潜在威胁是增加孕妇流产的可能性。他们还发现咖啡消费者们对这种咖啡因含量的巨大差别并不知晓。

The findings suggest that the general assumption that a cup of strong coffee contains 50mg of caffeine is misleading.

 该研究表明大众关于一杯浓缩咖啡含50毫克咖啡因的想法是具有误导性的。

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) advises pregnant women to restrict their daily caffeine content to 200mg.

 英国食品标准局（FSA）建议女性在孕期内将咖啡因的日摄入量控制在200毫克以下。

In their study, Glasgow University researchers found a sixfold difference in caffeine quantities in cups of espresso.Their analysis, from 20 shops in the city, found that a cup bought from Starbucks contained the smallest amount of caffeine, 51mg. This compared with 322mg from an independent café, Patisserie Fran?oise. An espresso from Costa contained 157mg.

格拉斯哥大学的研究者发现，不同浓缩咖啡中的咖啡因含量存在6倍的差距。他们分析了格拉斯哥市内20家咖啡店的咖啡，最终发现星巴克咖啡的咖啡因含量最低，为51毫克。而一家独立咖啡店Patisserie Fran?oise的咖啡达到了322毫克，Costa咖啡的则为157毫克。

A further three shops, University Café, Café Cinnamon and Paperino’s, sold coffee containing more than 200mg.

The FSA warns that too much caffeine can result in a miscarriage or a baby having a lower birth weight.

FSA警告称，过量的咖啡因会导致流产或出生婴儿体重不足。

The researchers warned that, without clear labelling, coffee shops were selling coffees with “substantial variations” in caffeine.

研究者也警告称，由于欠缺清晰的标识，咖啡店所售咖啡的咖啡因含量具有“严重的偏差”。

In 2008 American researchers found that women who drank more than 200mg of caffeine daily were at a 25 per cent greater risk of miscarriage in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy than those who drank none.

2008年美国研究者发现，在孕期的前20周内，相比不喝咖啡的女性，每日摄入超过200毫克咖啡因的女性其流产可能性会高出25%。

Alan Crozier, from Glasgow University’s School of Medicine, said: “Despite the increasing number of coffee shops on the high street and in airports, there appear to be no recent publications on the caffeine contents of the various types of commercially prepared coffees.

格拉斯哥大学医学院的Alan Crozier称：“除了街头和机场的咖啡店，货架上售卖的包装咖啡也缺乏咖啡因含量的曝光。”

“This snapshot of high street espresso coffees suggests the published assumption that a cup of strong coffee contains 50mg of caffeine may be misleading.

“这次对街头售卖的浓缩咖啡进行了聚焦，使大家知道‘一杯咖啡含50毫克咖啡因’的想法是有误导性的。”

“Our data represent only a snap-shot of the caffeine contents of espresso coffees, but the range and scale of the results is sufficient to demonstrate that there is a problem, unlikely to be restricted to Glasgow."

“这次只是针对浓缩咖啡，但研究结果的范围和规模都足以证明这方面存在的问题，而且问题还不仅仅局限于格拉斯哥市。”

Researchers analysed coffees ranging in cup size from 23ml to 70ml. Their findings are published in the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Food and Function journal.

研究者所分析的咖啡容量从23毫升至70毫升不等，他们的发现已发表于皇家化学学会的《食品与功能》期刊。

Dr Euan Paul, of the British Coffee Association said: “Caffeine content does vary between different blends that are available.

英国咖啡协会的 Euan Paul博士说：“在市面售卖上的咖啡中，咖啡因含量确实存在差别。”

“The overall advice for coffee drinkers is that 400mg to 500mg of caffeine per day is safe and may confer some health benefits but it’s important that pregnant women do limit their intake to 200mg per day, from all sources.

“总体的建议是，对于咖啡饮用者，一天400至500毫克的摄入量是安全且有益于健康的，但是重要的是孕妇必须将每日的咖啡因摄入量限制在200毫克以下，这一点已被多方证实。”

“For pregnant women that are concerned, switching to decaff coffee will ensure that they are drinking less caffeine whilst still enjoying their cup of coffee.”

“对于孕妇而言，换饮低卡咖啡可以在享用咖啡的同时保证减少咖啡因的摄入量。”

Experts say the effects of caffeine usually last around five hours for adults but can be as long as 30 hours.

专家称，对于成年人而言，咖啡因的作用一般会持续5小时，而在体内存留的时间可长达30小时。

Scientists say caffeine stays in the body longer in females taking an oral contraceptive, pregnant women, young children and people with liver disease.

科学家们称，对于口服避孕药的女性、孕妇、儿童和肝病患者，咖啡因在体内的留存时间会更长。

Responses to caffeine vary with frequent coffee drinkers suffering headaches when caffeine is withdrawn.

当咖啡因的作用消退之后，患有头痛且常饮咖啡的人对咖啡因的反应不一。

Figures quoted in the study show more than ￡730m was spent on coffee last year with an annual average of 500g of coffee consumed per person.

该研究表明，英国去年咖啡销售量超过7.3亿英镑，而人均咖啡饮用量为500克。

最后附上搜索出来的咖啡制作图示，很有趣：）