量子力学格里菲斯中文:浅论中学英语教学中的思想品德教育

目前广大英语教师都在想方设法如何培养好学生听、说、读、写的能力。但在教学过程中如何运用好教材，把思想品德教育和语言教学有机地、紧密地结合起来，培养出思想健康、心灵纯洁、品德高尚的优秀人材，也是我们广大中学英语教师在教学过程中值得认真探讨的问题。
国家教委颁发的《全日制中学英语教学大纲》明文规定了英语教学中要遵循的一条重要原则是："遵循语言规律，寓思想教育于语言教学之中"。
所以，笔者在这十几年中学英语教学中，使学生学好英语的同时，就如何使学生思想上也应受到良好的熏陶这方面，做过一些摸索，现归纳如下，以求抛砖引玉。
一.充分发掘教材中的积极思想因素
现行统编教材是进行语言教学的主要内容，也是进行思想教育的主要依据，其中不少课文含有丰富的思想教育内容，在备课时，首先要掌握和熟悉各篇课文的思想内容，然后将其渗透到语言教学中去。
下面以高中第二册为例，列出其中部分课文思想教育内容的简单分析表（划线部分为该课中必须掌握的语言知识点）
课文思想教育内容要点
L11.Otherwise he would still be working, because his heart and soul were still in the classroom with his students.2.I want you to show me with your heart that here we are all part of one big family.
L3-41.The boy told him his story and also that of the girl upstairs, who was his sister, and of the terrible wrongs that had been done them by the two noblemen.2.He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.3.…our father told us it was a dreadful thing to bring a child into the world.4.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
L6-71.By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.2.He wanted to be a physicist and devoted himself to abstract research.3.With the pay that he received and saved, he was later able to go on with his education…4.Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich.
L81.The right men were coming from London, but their car was stopped by two men.2.When I saw the men, I didn‘t trust them. They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
L91.Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.2.If each of them learns to go all out for his team and not for himself on the sports, he will later find it natural to work for the good of the society, for the good of his country.
L10-111.I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen.2.But what surprised me most was to see most of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.3.How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and should have studied.4.On the roof of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing and I said to myself, "Will they, too, be obliged to sing in German?"5.He returned to the blackboard, took a piece of chalk, and wrote in large letters,"VIVE LA FRANCE!"
二.寓思想教育于语言教学之中时应遵循的原则
思想教育是"活"的教育，切忌空洞说教、贴政治标签、以思想教育代替语言教学，而要通过具体、形象、多样和生动活泼的形式进行以"涓涓细流"来滋润学生的心灵。具体来说，笔者认为应遵循以下原则：
1．高远立意
其实，除笔者在文中所列高中第二册有关课文的思想教育内容外，有些课文远远不止这些教育内容，只要认真考虑，还能挖掘出更有说服力的东西。所以，首先在思想教育的指导思想上必须立意要高：眼光要远、方向要明。要从（转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net，请保留此标记。）两个文明、三个面向、四化建设和民族未来的高度认识和把握德育的正确方向，树立起具有战略远见的德育观。值得一提的是，一切为升学服务的育人观是片面的、短命的。
2．持之以恒
英语课是学生普遍感到难学的一门课，所以学生在学习过程中思想的波动性大，这就决定了教学的艰巨性。例如，对于进行学习的目的性教育，不仅在于学习英语的入门阶段，而要贯穿整个英语教学过程的始终，以缩小两极分化，防止差生面的扩大。另一方面，从课内四十五分钟到课外活动，从教师的备课、上课、批改作业、课外辅导到学生的听、说、读、写等各个教学环节，都不能忽视和放松思想教育。
3．寓德于乐
思想教育是塑造人的灵魂的工程，它是一项艺术性、创造性的劳动，那么，德育的实效性就取决于实施德育的方法和手段了。只有协调各种因素，才能在学生心灵这架钢琴上弹出美妙、和谐、动听的乐曲来。实践证明，开展丰富多彩的英语课外活动，寓思想教育于娱乐之中，是行之有效的。例如，举办以爱国主义为题材的英语演讲会，开展就如何学好英语的讲座会交流会等等，这些都是寓于语言学习、寓于娱乐之中的有效办法。
4．以身立德
从某种意义上讲，教师是一本活的德育教材，教师自身的师德示范，在所有的方法手段中，是最有效、最有影响力的教育手段。大家知道，有不少学生之所以喜欢英语，往往是因为他（她）喜欢那个英语老师，而之所以喜欢那个英语老师又是与老师的为人师表密切相关的。由此看来，教师要时时、事事、处处以身作则，以身立德，要热爱外语教育事业，有强烈的责任制，要真诚关心和爱护学生，有无私奉献精神。
另外，树立学习标兵，或请一些学英语专业的校友给学生演讲、作报告，这也是一种直接的具体的示范教育。
三．寓思想教育于语言教学之中的教例
尽管语言教学中的思想教育要遵循以上四个原则，但遵循语言教学规律，是寓思想教育于语言教学之中的根本原则。对于不同的语言材料要施以不同的教学方法或形式。
下面以高一第一册第十七课为例，来说明一下常采用的教学方法和形式。
1．教师讲叙
对于那些有关于世界名著、历史故事和历史人物的课文，根据课文的主题思想，教师在介绍背景知识的同时（有时可安排在总结课文内容时进行）恰当地体现思想教育的主题。
该篇课文是通过瑞士民族英雄威廉-泰尔勇斗侵略者的故事，歌颂了弱者战胜强者、正义战胜邪恶、受压迫者战胜压迫者的真理。教师介绍课文内容时，可进行爱国主义教育。这一教学步骤的教学过程大致如下：
用英语介绍内容概要（板书出中心句，即下面文中的划线部分）
William Tell was said to be a national hero of Switzerland in the first of the 14th century. At that time, Switzerland was ruled by Austria. The emperor of Austria sent a governor named Gesslor to the town of Altorf to rule over the freedom-loving Swiss people. He put his hat on a pole and ordered Altorfers to bow before it whenever they passed.
William Tell showed his hatred for the invaders. He was caught and forced to shoot from one hundred paces away at an apple on his son’s head. He was calm and brave and ready to shoot Gesslor with the second arrow if he missed the apple or hurt his son. Tell was such a fine hunter that his arrow split the apple in half. And the people raised a shout of joy. His bravery inspired the whole country to rise up and drive the Austrian soldiers from Switzerland.
２．造句练习
在介绍课文概要后，对板书在黑板上的"要点句型"进行分析、操练是很有必要的。教师可向学生提供例句，学生也可进行造句练习。教师的例句要特别注意思想性，好的例句能激发学生的学习热情或对学生起到积极的教育作用。例如在操练whenever时，教师可提供如下的例子：
àI‘m always ready to answer your questions whenever you ask me.
áWhenever he follows the teacher’s advice, he will be successful.
you should knock at the door whenever you want to enter others‘ rooms.
显然，例àá有利于鼓励学生积极主动地学习，不懂时多问老师；例?是一种礼貌教育。反之，造句不当会挫伤学生的学习积极性或产生不良的影响。如有位学生用force造出了这样的句子："The teacher often forces us to do a lot of homework.."此时，教师要指出这句话话语不错，但立意不当，宜改为："The teacher is strict with us. He often asks us to do a lot of homework.."
３．让学生自己总结
学完课文后教师让学生口头或笔头总结出某方面的内容，可突出思想教育的重点，又可锻炼学生口头和书面表达能力。所以学完这篇课文后我要求学生总结的标题是："Give some examples to show that William Tell was brave in the face of the cruel enemy."，这又间接地对学生进行了爱国主义教育。

综上所述，我们应该做思想教育的有心人。有心，就有办法；有心，就一定会取得语言教学和思想教育的丰硕成果。

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