微博微盾动态码是什么:美國圖書館概觀

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《應用英文》美國圖書館概觀(一)懷中 世界新聞網 北美華文新聞、華商資訊 November 27, 2011 06:18 AM | 361 次 | 0 | 2 | | 一般人認為美國圖書館業的發展算是世界第一,對美國的人文教育起了很大作用。

1960至1980年代,美國許多大學設立圖書館與資訊科學系(Library and Information Science)的碩士班,(後來還有博士班),當時工作機會多,吸引了許多台灣外文系畢業生來美攻讀碩士。畢業後,多半在大學圖書館工作,對美國圖書館作出頗多的貢獻。如今雖然預算削減,但老美為了維持文明素質,對圖書館的重視仍然如故。

美國圖書館的種類很多。這裡我只想簡單介紹兩方面:老美對一般圖書館的看法以及美國國會圖書館和學術(大學)圖書館的一些情形,也許可增進華人的認識。

(1)老美對一般圖書館的看法(Americans on general libraries):包括公共圖書館、特別圖書館、學校圖書館等等。

Many Americans feel that the library is the “public university”, which plays an important role in children and adult education.

許多老美認為圖書館是「公共大學」,它在兒童和成人教育方面擔任重要角色。

A library is often described as a museum for the mind that offers authoritative, current and dependable information.

圖書館常被譽為思想的博物院,它提供具權威、即時和可靠的資訊。

A library is a center for lifelong learning, and also is the glue that holds together our community with their diverse interests.

圖書館是終生的學習中心,它把社區和多元化的愛好粘合在一起。

Some Americans think a good library is a palace where the lofty spirits of all nations and generations meet.

一些老美認為好的圖書館是個宮殿,它把各國和世代的崇高精神聚合一起。(lofty 崇高的)

The library is one of great engines of civilization. It must be promoted by all who care about learning.

圖書館是人類文明巨大引擎之一,凡關心學識的人,必須加以發揚。

(library前面用a或 the,都指一般性)

Not only can reading comfort our spirits, but enrich and broaden our horizons.

閱讀不但能使我們精神得到慰藉,也能充實和開闊我們的視野。

The library is not just a warehouse of the books, but the storehouse of human knowledge and wisdom.

圖書館不僅僅是存書的倉庫,也是人類知識和智慧的寶庫。

The library is a treasure trove of the imagination and a source of endless information. It is well indexed by titles, authors and subject matter.

圖書館是想像力珍貴的財寶,也是無止境的信息來源,它以書名、作者名字和主題作良好的索引標誌。

(trove發掘的財寶)

Henry Beecher once said, “ A library is not a luxury but one of the necessities of life.”

美國作家Beecher 先生曾說:「圖書館不是奢侈品,而是一種生活必需品。」

Americans realize that the definitive answer to almost any question can be found within the four walls of the library.

老美體會到任何問題的確定答案,都能在圖書館找到。(four walls 是指building)

Some Americans say, “ If information is the currency of democracy, then libraries are the banks. “

有些老美說:「假如資訊是民主的通行貨幣,那麼圖書館就是銀行。」(currency 是指money)

There are many kinds of libraries in the U.S.: school libraries, public libraries, special libraries, college or university libraries, research libraries, etc. Library science school students can choose the type they are interested in for their careers.

美國有多種圖書館:學校圖書館、公共圖書館、特殊圖書館、大學院校圖書館、研究圖書館等。圖書館科學系學生可選擇他們喜歡的種類,作為他們的職業。

A previous report indicated that there were almost 118,010 libraries in the U.S., including 3,500 college and university libraries, 9,000 public libraries, 94,000 school libraries, 9,100 special libraries, 1,800 government libraries, 500 Armed Forces libraries and 110 research libraries.

過去一項報告美國有118,010圖書館包括3,500大學院校圖書館,9,000公共圖書館,94,000中小學圖書館,9,100特殊圖書館,1,800政府機關圖書館,500三軍圖書館和110個研究圖書館。

Many wealthy Americans make charitable contributions establishing libraries or schools. Steel magnate, Andrew Carnegie, paid for the building of 1,700 libraries in the U.S.

許多美國富翁建立圖書館或學校作為慈善事業,鋼鐵大王 Carnegie先生花錢在美蓋了1,700 座圖書館。(只蓋圖書館而不包括運作開支)

As free as air to all, the public libraries which Andrew Carnegie began creating in 1833, become the intellectual heart and soul of America.

1833年 Carnegie先生創立公共圖書館,像空氣對人免費開放一樣,成為美國智慧的核心和精髓。

(未完待續)



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