枸杞原浆的功效与作用:必修Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists学案

人教版新课标高二必修Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists学案
Step 1 words and phrases
特征，特性_________________   镭 _________________  照顾，护理________________
科学的 _________________  结束，推断出_____________内科医生_________________
分析   _________________ 传染的_________________ 揭露，暴露_________________
打败，战胜_________________ 熟练的，专家_________________挑战_________________
受害者_________________   吸收，使专心_________________  怀疑_________________
询问_________________   严重的，剧烈的_________________  线索_________________
预见 ，预知________________ 调查n.________________责备，谴责________________
连接，联系________________ 命令，教导________________建筑物________________
得出结论____________________   将……和……联系起来__________________________
除……之外，此外______________________对……严格的__________________________
Step 2 lead in
Step 3 fast reading : true or false questions.
1.    As a doctor, being able to attend Queen Victoria was an honourable thing at that time.
2.    Although cholera couldn’t be cured, its cause was known to people in the days of John
Snow.
3.         John Snow doubted the two theories explaining how cholera killed people, so he did
investigation to test them.
4.    The results wouldn’t have been so clear without the map John Snow had drawn.
5.    The polluted dirty water from the river was to blame for the disease.
Step 4 detailed reading: read again and fill in the chart.
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
Nobody knew the _________ of the serious disease of __________.
The cause
Idea 1:
Idea 2:
The method
_____________data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to ______________ which method was correct.
The results
He found the cause of cholera was ______________________ water.
Idea 1 or 2? Why?
Idea _______. because the data showed a _______________with the water.
The conclusion
John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.
Step 5 important sentences
1. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
2. The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days.
3. John Snow had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.
4.It seemed that the water was to blame.
5. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
6. With this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted
water carried the virus.
Step 6 language points  见非常学案
Step 7 discussion
1. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why?
2. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?
Homework:
非常学案
ANSWERS:
STEP 1 characteristic   radium  attend  scientific  conclude  physician  analyse  infectious  expose   defeat  expert  challenge  victim  absorb  suspect  enquiry  severe  clue  foresee  investigation   blame  link   instruct  construction  draw a conclusion   link...to...   Apart...from...  Be strict with
STEP 3  TFFTT
STEP 4
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
Nobody knew the ____cause_____ of the serious disease of ___cholera_______.
The cause
Idea 1: cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
Idea 2: people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
The method
___collect __________data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to _______prove_______ which method was correct.
The results
He found the cause of cholera was ____polluted__________________ water.
Idea 1 or 2? Why?
Idea ___2____. because the data showed a ____connection____with the water.
The conclusion
John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.
Book 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom—学案
Case IV using language
Sightseeing in London
1.       Worried about the time available, Zhang pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
【句法分析】Worried about the time available是过去分词短语作________,表示原因。She wanted to see in London是_________从句。
l            Available
Adj. (指物)可用的，可得到的   （指人）可会见的，可与之交谈的
There is water available at the hut.. 在那茅屋里可弄到水。
The doctor is (not) available now. 医生现在（没）有空。
2.   Her first delight was going to the Tower.
l            delight
(1)vt.给予乐趣;使人高兴
be/feel delighted at/by/with/to… 因....而高兴
delight in 热衷于
eg. I was delighted to be invited to her party.
She delights in cooking lovely meals.她以烹饪美食为乐。
(2)n.乐趣;乐事
take/find delight in  以....为乐
to one's delight 令某人高兴的是
with delight 高兴地
eg. He takes delight in proving others wrong.
3. There followed St.Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
【句法分析】built after the terrible fire of London in 1666是过去分词短语作_______.
4.It looked splendid when first built！
【句法分析】本句是复合句。When …built是被省略的时间状语从句，全句为________________.
【经典回放】_____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare   B. When compare   C. Comparing   D. When compared
5. What interested her most was the longitude line.
【句法分析】what ....most 是________从句,what在句中作主语.表示the things which 这种意思
6. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
【句法分析】that 至句末是真正_________,it 是_____________; who… communism是________从句。
l            should 在本句中表示“竟然…，居然…/”。should 往往用在that从句中表达感情，意志。
Eg. I’m surprised that you should speak in that way. 我很惊讶你居然用那种方式说话。
I’m glad that your story should have won the first prize.
我很高兴你的小说居然赢得大奖。
【经典回放】There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t     B. shan’t   C. shouldn’t    D. needn’t
【跟踪训练】
1 ._______with what the students had done, the teacher praised them highly.
A. Delight   B. Delighting   C. Delighted   D. Being delighting
2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _______poor.
A. proves   B. remains     C. maintains   D. common
3. None of the servants were ________ when Mr.Smith wanted to send a message.
A. available    B. movable   C. reasonable    D. applicable
4. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at ______I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as    B. which    C. what    D. that
5._______there were no buses in our village.
A. At a time   B. At one time    C. At times     D. At the same time
6. ------What was she doing at that time?
--------She was _____herself in the mirror.
A. enjoying   B. admiring    C. devoting    D. seeing
7. I don’t think what you said______.
A. makes sense     B. makes difference   C. makes senses   D. makes differences
8. Many difficulties have ­____as a result of change over a new type of fuel.
A. risen  B. arisen   C. raised   D. aroused
9. When will this wedding_______?
A. take place   B. be taken place   C. takes place   D. happen
10. His parents were _____the news that he had won the first prize.
A. delighting   B. delighted at   C. taking delight in   D. taken delight in
11. The lady said she would buy her daughter a gift with the _____.
A. twenty dollars remained       B. twenty dollars to remain
C. remaining twenty dollars       ­­D. remained twenty dollars
12.­It is strange that a well-behaved gentleman _____be so rude to a lady.
A. might      B. need       C. should      D. would
13. As soon as she got home, she______ the housework.
A. set about to do    B. set about doing    C. set out doing    D. set down
14. ----Is your brother going camping?
-----He’s signed up but he’s considering_______.
A. not to do     B. not going      C. won’t go      D. not go
15. Many things_____ impossible in the past are quite common today.
A. having being considered   B. considered   C. to be considered   D. considering
一.单词拼写
1.I was __________ (高兴的) that you could stay.
2.There stands a _________ (雕像) of the king on a horse.
3. The children were t________ to get the gifts given by their parents.
4. There are many e______ in your work, you should correct them.
5. She is not very ________ (一致的) in the way she treats her children.
二.单项选择
1. It’s a _____ thrill to have _____ ten-year research project completed with the desiring result.
A./,the   B.a,the     C.the,a    D.a,a
2.Don’t you consider it a pity that Jonna ______ have behaved roughly to us?
A.would  B.should   C.could   D.might
3.Althoug he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor.
A.proves  B.remains  C.maintains  D.continues
4.John painted her sitting in a chair with her hands______.
A.folding  B.to have folded   C.to fold  D.folded
5.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whther they will enjoy it.  A.to see   B. to be seen   C.seeing   D.seen
6.I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A.as    B. which   C. what   D.that
7.When he heard that he was admitted by Qinghua University,he jumped with ____.
A.thrill   B.fright   C.surprise  D.terror
8.When his wife returned, the husband noticed her hair ____ short.
A.cutting   B.to be cut   C.being cut   D.cut
9.The students are told to have their homework ____ in before tomorrow afternoon.
A.hand    B.to hand   C.handed   D.handing
10._____ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder ____.
A.Entering, stealing           B.Entering,gone
C.To have entered,being stolen  D.Having entered,to be stolen
11.The _____ professor found the matter ____ .
A.surpring, surpried   B.surprised,surpried   C.surprised,surpring  D.surpring, surpried
12.____ there were  no buses in our village.
A.At a time   B.At one time   C.At times    D.At the same time
13.When_____, the boy’s face turned red.
A.scolding   B.scolded    C.to scold  D.to be scolded
Mr White with his wife  16  now living at a small Italian hotel,  17  they had stayed in Italy for months on  18 . One night he went out for a walk  19 . It was  20 . The small street was dark and  21 . Suddenly he heard  22  behind him. He  23  his head and saw a middle-aged man  24  wild hair, who quickly walked  25  him. The man was nearly out of sight when Mr White suddenly found that his watch  26 . He thought it was the  27  man who had taken his watch, so he ran quickly after him and soon caught up with him. As he knew  28  Italian, Mr White had to ask the man  29  the watch in another way. He showed the man his strong arms and  30  to his watch pocket. The man thought a while and gave  31  watch to Mr White.
Mr. White returned  32  and told his wife  33  had happened. He was greatly surprised  34  Mrs. White pointed to the watch on the table. Now he found it was  35  that had taken the Italian’s watch.
16．A．is B．was C．are D．were
17．A．where B．which C．that D．who
18．A．holiday B．a farm C．duty D．watch
19．A．separate B．lonely C．alone D．loneliness
20．A．cold B．warm C．late D．early
21．A．noisy B．crowded C．silent D．quiet
22．A．voice B．sound C．feet D．steps
23．A．rose B．moved C．turned D．put
24．A．of B．in C．had D．with
25．A．past B．passed C．through D．over
26．A．had lost B．gone C．was missing D．had gone
27．A．very B．proper C．same D．just
28．A．much B．no C．enough D．little of
29．A．to lend B．to tell C．to return D．return
30．A．pointed B．listened C．shouted D．spoke
31．A．his B．the other C．the D．another
32．A．back B．his house C．home D．his wife
33．A．what B．that C．why D．how
34．A．before B．when C．and D．once
35．A．he himself B．him C．himself D．herself
How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups, and, old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. What’s more, life is always giving new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is repeatedly being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has wrongly done.
When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
36．According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that          .
A．life for a child is fairly easy
B．a child is always loved whatever he does
C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
D．only children are interested in life
37．The main idea of the passage is that            .
A．life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B．young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C．childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life
D．one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
38．The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss           .
A．examples of successful young men
B．how to build up one’s position in society
C．joys and pains of old people
D．what to do when one has problems in life
36．B 由文章可知用过去时，与主语Mr. White 一致，固选was.
37. A 定语从句,先行词为地点,用where.
38. A on holiday 在度假.
39. C 从下文看,他是独自一人.
40. C 由下文可知,天很晚了.
41. D quiet 安静的,  silent 沉默的.
42. D steps 脚步声.
43. C 句意: 他转过头.
44. D with 介词, “有,拥有”.
45. A walk past 走过, 经过.
46. C be missing 丢了,不见了.
47. A 此处very 是形容词, “就是,正是”.
48. B 由下文可知, 他不懂意大利语.
49. C 句意: 让那人归还手表.
50. A  point to 指向.
51. C 特指, 用冠词 the .
52. C 句意: 他回到家, 告诉他的妻子.
53. A  what had happened , what 作主语.
54. B 当他到桌子上的手表时, 他很惊讶.
55. A he himself他自己, he 作 himself 的同位语.
61—63 ADC    。
必修Book 5 Unit 3 Life in future—学案2
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 3  Life in the future 未来的生活
1. 重点单词短语用法讲解
2. 课文难点句解析
二. 知识总结与归纳：
单元内容简介：
（一）主题：本单元中心话题是：预测未来好坏变化；外星生物
（二）本单元涉及到的语法现象：过去分词短语作状语
三. 重点讲解与归纳：
（一）1. private houses 私人住宅
private adj. 私人的；个人的；不公开的；隐秘的
privately adv.     私人地（没有别人在场）
privacy n.     无人在场状态，隐私、秘密
private property    私有财产
a private car    私人轿车
a private apartment    私人公寓
Private    （信件）亲启；（告示）禁止入内
in private    私下地，在不公开场合
①Don't repeat what I have told you to anyone；it's private.
不要把我告诉你的告诉任何人，这是保密的。
②He retired to his private retreat in the mountain
他退了休到山里隐居。
③Smith is very rude in private though he is polite in public.
尽管史密斯在公开场合很有礼貌，但他私下里很粗鲁。
2. first impressions第一印象
1） impression是名词，可作“印象”“影响”“效果模糊或不确定的观念”解释，也可意为“印记”“一版（书）”等。
2） impress是动词，意为“使感动，使留下印象”等：可构成以下短语：
impress sb. with sth. 或 impress sth. on/upon sb.
3） impressive是形容词，意为“给人深刻印象的”
例如：an impressive scene难忘的场面   an impressive story感人的故事
①His heroic deed created a lasting impression on people.
他的英雄行为给人们留下永不磨灭的印象。
②He looked around the room and wished to impress everything his mind.
他环顾四周想把房间里的一切都铭记在脑海里。
③I impressed him with the importance of his work／impressed him the importance of his work.
我使他注意他工作的重要性。
3. Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
新的环境把我弄得心烦意乱的，由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到受不了。
1）surroundings n. 环境
①Animals in a ZOO are not living in their natural surroundings.
动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。
②She could not help being impressed by the luxurious surroundings.
她不由得对周围的豪华环境留下了深刻的印象。
［拓展］
（1）surrounding adj. 周围的
①The peasants are allowed to cultivate the surrounding land.
允许农民耕种周围的土地。
（2）surround vt. 围绕，包围
②I will give the signal，and they shall be surrounded.
我给信号，立即将他们包围!
③The Los Angeles basin is surrounded on three sides by high mountains.
洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。
2）lack n. ［C&U］缺乏，短缺（与介词of连用）；
vt. & vi. 缺乏（用作vi.时，与介词for，in连用）
lack（for）sth.     缺少……       be lacking（in）sth.     缺乏……
for／by／from／through lack of  因缺乏……，因没有……
（a）lack of...    ……方面的短缺           have no lack of    不缺乏……
no lack of    充足的（形容词词性）         supply the lack    补缺
①They are so rich that they lack for nothing.   他们非常富裕，什么也不缺。
②He was acquitted for lack of evidence.      因证据不足，他被宣告无罪。
③He is lacking in responsibility.            他不够负责。
思考：lack与shortage都有“短缺，不足”之意，二者如何区分?
4. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.
这些汽垫车是在地面上飘浮着的。只要用力把操纵杆打弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动。
1）press可用作及物动词、不及物动词和名词。
（1）press作及物动词时，表示实际“压”的动作时，根据情景不同，意思可以为“压、按、揿、挤、榨、熨、握、提、抱、推、塞”等。
使用时可以：
①后接表示物或人的宾语。press sth. （sb.）
Press this button to start the engine.    按这个按钮开动发动机。
②后接宾语+副词。press sb. （sth. ）in（out，away，back，hard，down，together，flat，thin，etc. ）
The police tried hard to press the crowd back. 警察拼命地把人群向后推赶。
③后接宾语+介词短语。press sb. （sth. ）to（on，against，through，etc. ）
She pressed the child to her heart.   她把孩子紧抱在怀里。
press表示抽象意义的“施加压力”，“催逼”时，它的行为主体是人。push也有“推”的意义，但它没有抽象意义的“逼迫”。通常使用的结构有：
①press sb.
Don't press me. I can't make the decision right now.  别逼我，此刻我不能作出决定。
②press sb. for sth.
They pressed him for a definite answer.   他们逼他作出明确答复。
③press sb. to do sth.
The mother pressed her son to eat more.    母亲强要她儿子多吃一些。
④be pressed for sth. 为一习语，意为“缺少某事物”。
Please hurry—we're a bit pressed for time.   请快点——我们时间不多了。
（2）press作不及物动词时，其前面的行为主体可以是人也可以是物或事。其含义可以是“挤，压”，也可以是“催逼”，后面常跟副词或（和）介词短语。
I don’t like the shoes that press. 我不喜欢挤脚的鞋。
（3）press作名词用大致有四种意思。
①表示“压、按、揿、挤、榨、熨、握、捏、抱、推、塞”的动作，作可数名词用。
a press of a button按电钮
②表示“压，榨”的“机器”，可数名词。
a cider press苹果榨汁机
③表示“新闻界”，“出版界”，此时须用单数，前面加定冠词the。
Members of the press weren't allowed into the meeting. 新闻界人士不准进入会议场所。
④表示生活或工作的“压力”，“劳累”，此时press为不可数名词。
The press of many duties keeps her busy. 许多责任的压力使她一直忙碌。
2）swiftly adv. 迅速地；敏捷地；突然地
swift adj. （swifter，swiftest）
（1）快捷迅速的
The river is too swift to swim. 这河水流太急，不能游泳。
（2）匆促的，突然发生的
as swift as thought顷刻间
a swift visit to the shop匆匆逛一下商店
（3）（行动、思维）迅速的，机警的；动辄……的，常用词组是swift to do sth. （in doing sth. ）。
He has a swift wit. 他有急智。
She was swift to condemn the violence（in condemning the violence）.
她迅速谴责了那次暴力行动。
思考：swift/quick/ fast/rapid这四个词都表示“快的，迅速的”，你能说出它们的区别吗?
5. It took me only a few minutes to master the idea and soon I could fly as fast as Wang Ping.
我只花了几分钟就掌握了这种要诀。不久，我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。
master是个多义词和多词性词，可用作名词、形容词和及物动词。
1） n.
（1）master（女性为mistress）用于指“男主人，家长”。
Is your master（mistress）at home?
（客人对佣人的问候语）男主人（女主人）在家吗?
（2）master用于指（动物、奴隶的）“主人，饲主”；或（对事物的）
“控制者”，常与介词of连用。
A dog's master is its owner. 狗的主人是狗的所有者。
After hard fighting，the defenders were still masters of the city.
守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。
（3）master用于指（商船的、大鱼船的）“船长”。
The master（＝captain）refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board.
在船上还有其他人的时候，船长不肯离开正在下沉的船。
（4）master用于指“男教师”，是较为正式的用语，常与介词of连用。
He was a master（teacher）of the piano. 他是钢琴教师。
（5）master用于指“雇主，主人”。
They are loyal to their masters. 他们对老板忠心耿耿。
（6）master用于指“熟练工人，师傅；能手；获胜者”，常作修饰语，
用来修饰builder，carpenter，hand，mind等词。
a master baker面包师傅
a master builder建筑师
由于它起着形容词功能，因而有的词典把它归属于“形容词”。
（7）指“名家，大师，名家作品”。
This painting is an old master. 这幅画是古代名画家的作品。
（8）master可用于指“男大学校长；宿舍主任”。通常大写并与介词of连用。
（9）master用于指大学所颁授的学位之一“硕士学位”。
He holds an Oxford M.A. degree. 他持有牛津大学硕士学位。
注意：另外两种学位为：the degree of Bachelor of Are （Sciences）（略B.A.;B.Sc）文（理）学士学位和the degree of Doctor of Science（Medicine，Laws，Literature）（略D.Dr.） 理学（医学、法学、文学）博士。
2）adj.
master作形容词用，具有：
（1）“主人的；支配的，统治的”含义。
（2）“精通的，熟练的，优秀的”含义。
His master passion is motor-racing. 他最大的爱好是赛车。
3）vt.
master作及物动词用时具有下列含义：
（1）作“驯服，控制；统治；征服”解。
He is good at mastering horses.   他善于驯马。
You have to master your temper. 你必须抑制住你的脾气。
（2）作“精通，掌握”解。
It is not easy to master the local dialect. 掌握方言并不容易。
（3）作“支使，命令”解。
The captain mastered the crew to leave the sinking ship.
船长指挥船员离开正在下沉的船。
6. Wang Ping’s mother appeared, flashed a switch on a computer screen, and…
王平的母亲出现了，电脑荧屏上的开关闪了一下，于是……
1）flash n. 闪光；闪烁；手电筒；v. 使闪光；闪现；突然发出
in a flash    即刻；瞬间           a flash of hope    一线希望
a flash of lightning    闪电         It flashed upon me that...    我突然想到……
①The weekend seemed to be over in a flash.   那个周末转瞬即逝。
②The idea flashed into / through his mind.    这念头在他的脑海里闪过。
③There was a flash of lightning a moment ago. 刚才有闪电的亮光。
2）switch n. 电路开关；转变，改变；v.转变；转换（位置）
①Polls showed a switch to labour.           民意测验表明形势转而对工党有利。
②Husband and wife should switch roles（with each other） occasionally.
夫妻间应当偶尔（彼此）对调充当的角色。
③Could you switch the TV over?            请你改换电视频道好吗?
相关短语：
switch （sth. ）off    切断（电流等）
switch （sth. ）on    接通（电流）
switch （sb. ）off    使某人感到乏味
switch （sth. ）round／over    转换、交换位置
switch （sth. ／sb. ）with（sb. ，sth. ）使（……）与……交换位置
④Don't switch the radio on.         不要打开收音机。
⑤Long lectures really switch me off. 我觉得冗长的演讲很烦人。
7. They have assisted in the discovery of planets round the fourth star in the Pleiades system.
他们已经帮忙发现了围着昂宿星系中的第四颗星旋转的行星。
assist vt. & vi.
1）vt. 帮助；协助
assist sb. with sth. ／assist sb. to do sth./ assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人干某事
①You will be required to assist Mr. Smith in preparing a report.
你将要协助史密斯先生准备一份报告。
②Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
有两个人正配合警方的询问。
2）vi. 出席；参加
assist at／in sth. 在某场合出席；参加……
③I assisted at Joe's birthday party and really enjoyed myself.
我参加了乔的生日聚会并且过得很愉快。
④The president will assist at the ceremony.
主席将参加仪式。
assistance n.［U］帮助；援助
assistant n. 助手；助理；店员
（二）易混词辨析：
1. private／personal／individual
1）private指“私立的，私有的，私人的”，与“公立的，公有的，公共的”相对立。
2）personal指“本人的”，“亲自的，人身的”，与“由他人代表的，不涉及个人的”相对立。
3）individual强调“个体的，个别的”，与“普遍的，集体的”相对立。
2. remind／remember／recall
1）remind指某人或某事使主人公“联想起”另外的人或事，后面只接人作宾语，用于remind sb. of...结构中。
2）remember主要表示还记得、记住了过去发生的事情，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志；但与can或could连用时，其所接宾语及意义与recall基本一致。
3）recall指有意识地“回忆、回想”，强调其动作包含有意识的努力或意志，常与can或could连用。
3. assist／help
1）assist帮助；援助，正式用语，受帮助者自己也出力。例如：
Students assisted the professor in doing the experiment. 学生们协助教授做实验。
2）help帮助，常用语，受帮助者可以出力，也可以不出力。
help sb. with sth. ／help sb. （to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事
He helped me when I was in trouble. 我处于困境时他帮助了我。
4. agency／agent
1）agency
（1）（起联系作用的）代理机构
（2）代理权
（3）作用，影响（常作单数，与the连用）
2）agent
（1）代理人，代理商，为……办事的人
（2）起作用的东西或力量
（3）（化）剂
drying agent 干燥剂  a cleaning agent 清洁剂
①Rain and sun are the agents which help plants to grow.
太阳和雨水是有助于植物生长的东西。
②I got this job in the factory through an employment.
我通过一个职业机构找到在工厂的这份工作。
③Our company has agencies all over the world.
我们公司在全世界都设有代办处。
5. speed／rate
speed和rate作名词用时，在指速度时可以通用。在指固定的速度或可能达到的速度时，通常用speed；rate常指不能或不必精确测定的速度。
①The car is running at a rate（speed）of fifty miles an hour.
那辆小汽车以每小时50英里的速度奔驰着。
②The newly designed airplane has a speed of 500 miles an hour.
新设计的飞机的速度可达每小时500英里。
③At this rate, we'll finish our work in two days.
以这种速度，我们将在两天内完成我们的工作。
（三）难句分析：
1. He was swept up into the center of them and my link with him was broken as I was carried up to the top of a high building nearby.
他被卷入到这群车队中去了，而我却被带到附近一座高层建筑的顶部，于是我同他的联系也就中断了。
1）sweep v.
（1）绵亘；伸展；逶迤
①The road sweeps round the lake. 这条路环湖延伸。
②The hills sweep down to the sea. 山丘延伸到海边。
（2）掠过；扫过；拂过
③The waves swept the deck. 波浪扫过甲板。
④The wind swept the leaves away. 风把树叶刮走了。
（3）席卷；风靡；扫视；从……上面吹过（打过）去
⑤SARS swept over the country. SARS席卷全国。
（4）大模大样地走：派头十足地走
⑥She swept out of the room. 她大模大样地走出房间。
2）sweep相关短语
sweep up    清扫
sweep sb. down    （水）把某人冲倒
sweep sth. away    清除；扫除；冲走；刮走
sweep over    扫过，席卷；扫视
2. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.
这些汽垫车是在地面上飘浮着的。只要用力把操纵杆打弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动。
（四）语法   Grammar
过去分词作状语
过去分词短语常可用作状语，修饰谓语动词。其主要作用是：
1）说明动作发生的背景或情况。例如：
Guided by an old hunter，they went through the forest in only four days.
2）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：
Greatly encouraged（＝As he was greatly encouraged）by the teacher's words. the boy started doing his experiment again.
3）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：
Seen（When it is seen）from the top of the mountain，the city looks more beautiful.
4）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
Given more time（＝If I were given more time），I could do it much better.
即境活用
① ______ white，the door will look more beautiful.
A. Painting         B. Painted   C. Being painted    D. Having been painted
解析：选B。考查分词作状语的用法。由于句子主语door同分词之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。
Painted white在此相当于一个条件状语从句If it is painted white。
②____in the strange city，the poor boy fell to_____.
A. Lost；cry      B. To lose; cry    C. Lost；crying   D. Having lost；crying
解析：选C。此题考查过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。
即Lost in the strange city（＝As he was lost in the strange city），the poor boy fell to crying. to是介词，后应用crying，故排除A项；to lose位于句首是作目的状语，与句意不符，故排除；having lost是分词的主动式，与句意不符，故排除。
③______alone in a dark room，the little girl was so frightened as to cry loudly.
A. Leaving       B. Left    C. Being left    D. To be left
解析：选B。空格处作原因状语，leave表示“留下，剩下”，与主语girl是被动关系，所以我们要把选择范围缩小到B、C和D三项。然后我们再从时间方面区分这三项，left是过去分词，表示“被动”和“完成”，但有时过去分词只可表示“被动”，而忽视它的时间概念；有时只表示“完成”。此处我们只强调它的被动意思；being left是现在分词的被动形式，因为“留下，剩下”表示状态，所以没有必要再用现在分词表示“进行”;to be left是不定式的被动形式，表示“被动”的同时也表示“将来”。句意为：这个小女孩被独自留在这个黑暗的房间里，她吓得都哭出来了。
④____from endless homework on weekends，the students now find their own activities, such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.
A. Freed    B. Freeing   C. To free  D. Having freed
解析：选A。free作动词用时，表示“使某人从……中摆脱出来”。所以它与主语students是被动关系。句意为：在周末学生们从繁杂的作业中解脱出来，找到了自己的活动，比如： 一起乘车观看日出。
【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择
1. You shouldn't read others’ _______letters without permission.
A. private       B. public C. particular   D. especial
2. The young man acted strangely during the interview. He made a bad ____on the employer.
A. impression B. expression  C. experience  D. opinion
3. We could see the buildings ____by trees.
A. being surrounded            B. surrounded
C. to be surrounded             D. surround
4. It's very kind of you，but we have no______ of teachers here.
A. reason      B. lack   C. signs D. result
5. The wildlife research work had to stop，because they were _____for money.
A. pressed      B. eager  C. longing     D. worried
6. You will soon _____French when you live in Paris.
A. maintain    B. master C. mention     D. magnify
7. The bridge _____by the flood and fertile soil ______into the river.
A. was swept away；was swept down
B. swept away；swept down
C. was swept down；was swept away
D. was swept into；was swept up
8. _____the lady remembered everything.
A. All of sudden           B. On a suddenly
C. In a flash          D. For flash
9. Can you imagine a plane flying ____ 8，000 miles an hour?
A. with a speed             B. in a speed of
C. at a speed of             D. by a speed
10. ____the rate you work，you'll never finish.
A. In      B. At      C. With   D. For
II. 弗兰克英语 专题训练：阅读理解步步高10篇  高级  （1）
步骤1：快速浏览下列文章，然后将该文章的段落顺序重新排列一下，当心！有一段与本文无关哦，请剔除，呵呵！有点意思！
（科普性说明文）
1. Recently the World Health Organization announced that the disease of smallpox （天花）had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination （种牛痘）.Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
2. For example , when farmers killed large numbers of hawks（鹰）, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice . Why ? Because hawks eat rats and mice . With no hawks to keep down their numbers , the rats and mice multiplied（繁殖）quickly .
3. This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he experimented by putting the disease into a small opening on the arms of healthy people，and though their arms became painful for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
4. So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
段落顺序是： __________________________________________
步骤2：根据上篇阅读文章做以下理解练习
1. Which of the following is an ineffectual way of preventing the spread of smallpox ?
A. Most people were vaccinated against the disease at least once.
B. People going abroad should promise not to spread the disease.
C. People traveling from one country to another must prove they are vaccinated.
D. People must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries.
2. The doctor's new discovery was called “vaccination” for the reason that ___________ .
A. he discovered smallpox near a farm
B. he experimented with a disease from the cattle
C. he was working with cattle in the countryside
D. people got the disease of smallpox from the cattle
3. The news of the discovery ___________ .
A. caught people's attention from all corners of the world
B. spread far and near in the western countries
C. made people rush to Dr. Jennet for vaccination
D. helped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpox
III. 消化训练：
步骤3： 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。
Recently the World Health Organization _______________ that the disease of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination .Most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease which they caught from the______________，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people，and though their arms became ______________ for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated.
In many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________.
步骤 4： 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。
Recently the World Health Organization _______________ that the _____________ of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world，________________  _______widespread vaccination .Most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to _____________ that they have had a recent vaccination._____ _____ __________the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment _____________ vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ).Jenner discovered that people _____________worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease _____________ they caught from the______________，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people，and _____________ their arms became ______________ for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated.
In many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done ____  thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________.
步骤5：把下列各个打乱顺序的句子重新排好顺序和连接起来并抄写下来。
if they wish to travel from one country to another , they must be able to prove that
In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and
Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and
Recently the World Health Organization announced
that the disease of smallpox had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination .
they have had a recent vaccination.
today one seldom hears of it at all.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________but these people never seemed to get smallpox.
Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he published his report of his new
experiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ).
harmless disease which they caught from the cattle，
Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a
small opening on the arms of healthy people，and though their arms became painful for a day or two，
So he experimented by putting the disease into a
they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
In many countries the simple
people rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated.
So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and
way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people ,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[参考答案]
I. 1. 选 A。句意为“未经允许你不该看别人的私人信件”。public意为“公开的”；particular意为“特定的”：especial意为“尤其”；private此处意为“个人的，私人的”符合语境。
2. 选 A。have／make a good／bad impression on sb. 意为“给某人留下好／坏的印象”。
3. 选 B。句意为“我们看到建筑物被树木包围着”。由此可知，要用被动形式，又因不强调正在进行，因而A项也应排除。
4. 选 B。have no lack of “不缺乏……”，为固定搭配。
5. 选 A。be pressed for缺少；be eager for渴望；long for渴望；be worried后面要接about意为“担心”。
6. 选 B。句意为“你住在巴黎很快就会学好法语的”。master“掌握”；maintain维持；mention提到；magnify 放大，扩大。
7. 选A。该句意为：桥梁被洪水冲走了，肥沃的土壤被冲到河里去了。
8. 选C。in a flash是固定词组，含义是“即刻” “一瞬间”。all of sudden应为all of a sudden。
9. 选C。at a speed of...为固定搭配，“以……的速度”。
10. 选B。at the rate “以这种速度”，为固定搭配。
II. 这是一篇具有科普性质的说明文，说明了种牛痘防治天花的始末。
（1）第l题属细节辨认题，A、C、D三个选项的内容都可在第一段找到，而“去国外的人应该保证不传播这种疾病”在文中找不到根据，故选项B正确。
（2）第2题属细节辨认题，第二段第1句 …vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow)即本题答案出处，故选B正确。
（3）第3题属细节辨认题。由第三段第1句可知，这一消息传到其他国家，不仅仅是西方国家，所以排除选项B；人们是到医生那里去种牛痘，而不是到Jennet医生那里去种牛痘，故排除选项C；“vaccination”而不是“the news”可使人们免于“天花”这一疾病，故排除选项D。通过细节的认定，本题正确答案是A。
III. 略
必修Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news—学案
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 4  Making the news  制作新闻
1. 重点单词短语用法讲解
2. 课文难点句解析
二. 知识总结与归纳：
单元内容简介：
（一）主题：本单元中心话题是：制作新闻的基本程序；报纸和电视节目
（二）本单元涉及到的语法现象：过去分词短语作宾语补足语
三. 重点讲解与归纳：
（一）重点单词与短语：
1. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on.
你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。
concentrate v.全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志；集中，集合；浓缩
concentrate（sth. ）on sth. ／doing sth.  专心致志于某事／做某事
concentrated adj.   集中的，浓缩的    concentrated fire    集中火力
concentrated food    浓缩食品        concentration n.     集中，专心
①We should concentrate all our efforts on improving education.
我们应该致力于改进教育工作。
②Troops are concentrating south of the river.
军队正向河的南边集结。
③My father is concentrating on fishing.
我父亲正全神贯注地钓鱼。
2. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所谈的话准备提出下一个问题。
meanwhile adv．当时，同时，在那当中；n.其时，其间
meanwhile = meantime=at the same time     in the meantime在此期间，同时
注意：meanwhile不能作连词用，所以不能引导时间状语从句。
①The train will come in an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才到，在此期间我们可以吃午饭。
②Perhaps time would solve the problem；in the meantime they continued to remain excellent friends.
或许时间会解决问题；在此期间，他们仍是好朋友。
3. This is a trick of the trade.这就是我们职业的诀窍了。
trade v. & n.（常与in，with连用）
1）n. [U]贸易；商业
2）n. [C]一笔生意；手艺；行业
3）vt. & vi．做生意；从事贸易
do a trade in...    做…买卖   trade sth. with sb.  与某人换取某物
trade A for B    用A换取B
①If you don’t like your book, I'll trade with you.
如果你不喜欢你那本书，我来跟你换一下。
②The old man traded his house for a car.
这位老人用他的房子换了一辆汽车。
③Shoemaking is a useful trade.
制鞋业是有用的行业。
4. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?
你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实了呢？
case是个多义词，主要用作名词，有时也作动词用。
（1）用作可数名词主要表示
①情况，情形；事例；病例，病情；患者；案情，案件
The case is different with her.
她的情况不同。
In all these cases complete cures have been made.
所有这些病症都被完全治好。
The worst cases were sent to hospital.
最严重的病人被送进医院了。
②箱子，盒子，箧子，套子
She put the typewriter back in its case.
她把打字机放回机壳里。
（2）语法术语“格”的意思，可作可数或不可数名词。
（3）用作动词，表示“把……装入箱（或盒等）内”。
The goods have been cased up for transport. 货物已经装箱待运。
（4）有关的词组：
①in case可用来引导从句，相当于“if（如果）”或“lest（免得，以防）”，但如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句。
从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时代替将来时（口语体）或“should加动词原形（虚拟语气）。”
如果下雨，会议就会延期。（口语）
The meeting will be put off, in case it should rain.
如果下雨，会议就会延期。（书面语）
注意：in case也可单独使用，位于句末。前面通常加上“just”，有时也可不加，可译为“以防万一”。
It may rain；you'd better take an umbrella （just）in case.  可能会下雨：你最好带把伞，以防万一。
注意：in case引出的条件句表示的是一种“预防某种情况的出现”。如果条件句指的是一般的假设或条件的话，不用in case，须用连词。
②in case of表示“倘遇到……的时候；以防，防备”，常与其搭配的词有：fire，rain，danger，difficulty，failure，absence，war，doubt等。
Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把伞吧，以防下雨。
③in the case of表示“就…而言，至于”。
In the case of the entrance exam, I do not feel satisfactory.
就入学考试而言，我感到不满意。
We should make an exception in the case of Mr. Smith.
至于史密斯先生，我们应该例外处理。
④in any case无论如何，不管怎样
⑤in no case在任何情况下都不，绝不
5. gifted adj. 有才能的；有天赋的；悟性高的；聪颖的
gift n. 礼物，赠品；才能，天赋
have a gift for sth. ／doing ste有某方面／ 干某事的能力
①They are gifted children.
他们是聪慧的儿童。
②Many thanks for the gifts you sent me on my birthday.
多谢你们在我过生日时送给我的礼物。
6. normal word order 正常语序
normal adj. & n.
1）adj.
（1）作形容词用时，它可作“正常的，标准的”解。
（2）它也可作“智力正常的，精神健全的”解。
2）n.
（1）作不可数名词时，指正常的状态、数量、程度等。
return to normal恢复正常      above（below）normal高于（低于）标准
（2）作可数名词，意为“法线，垂直线”。
7. Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.
因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行了润饰。
polish v. & n.
（1）v.
polish可作及物动词，意为“磨光，擦亮”。to polish furniture漆光家具
作不及物动词用，作“发亮，变光滑，变优美”解。
（2）n. polish作名词，意为“生光泽之物；油漆之物”。
The polish of the furniture reflected our faces like a mirror.
家具的光泽像镜子般地照出了我们的面孔。
8. appointment n. 约会；职务，工作；任命
1）用作可数名词
（1）约会
用于表示“约会”的含义时，有时也用作不可数名词，但常见于by appointment这一表示法：
He will only see you by appointment.
必须先约定，他才会见你。
（2）职务、工作
I hope I shall get a teaching appointment at the new school.
我希望能获得那所新学校的教师职位。
2）用作不可数名词，其意为“任命”
For a time we hoped for the appointment of Robert.
有一段时间我们想任命罗伯特
3）appointments （pl. ）设备（用复数形式，尤指煤气炉、浴盆等不易移动的东西）
The room’s appointments were in Queen Anne style.
这间房间的陈设是安娜女王时代的式样。
（二）易混词辨析：
1. occupation／profession／career
1）occupation
（1）occupation用作名词，也可以指“工作；职业”。
（2）occupation还可以指“使某人忙碌的事情；消遣”。
（3）occupation还可以表示“居住；占据”的意思。
一What's your husband's occupation? 一He is a policeman.
—你丈夫的职业是什么?—他是一个警察。
Swimming and skating are my favourite occupations.
游泳和滑冰是我所喜爱的运动。
Their occupation of the apartment lasted only for three months.
他们在这个公寓里只居住了三个月。
2）profession
（1）profession用作名词，指工作；（尤指受过专门训练的）职业。
（2）与profession有关的词组：
without profession    无职业
choose a profession    选择一种职业
enter a profession    开始从事某种职业
He is a surgeon by profession.    他的职业是外科医生。
3）career
（1）用作名词（C），表示“职业；专业”的意思。
（2）还可以表示“生涯；经历”的意思。
（3）（个人）的事业（C）。
（4）可作定语。例如：
a career woman  一位职业女性
2. accuse／charge
两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse指控，控诉，与介词of连用。
charge可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。
①The police accused him of theft.
警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。
②Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。
3. defend／protect guard
1）defend指用武力或其他措施保护某人物在面临危险时不受损害。
It is the duty of every Chinese citizen to defend motherland.
2）protect指利用各种安全措施使其不受损害：
Clothes protect us from cold
3）防止可能遇到的攻击或侵害。
Two big dogs guard the farm.
4. normal／standard／regular／ordinary／usual／common
1）normal指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。
2）standard 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。
3）regular 指已有模式、有规律或定期的。
4）ordinary 强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。
5）usual 通常与人的行为习惯有关，含义为“惯常的，通常的”。
6）common “普通的”，“平常的”，“共有的”，指从质量或品德上无特殊、显眼或杰出之处，因而是大多数人或事物所具有的、常见的。
5. accurate/ correct/exact
1）accurate的意思是“准确的、精确的”。它不仅表示没有错误，而且表示细心谨慎地做到符合标准、符合事实、无出入。
2）correct 的意思是“正确的”，指按照一定的标准或规则没有错误。在这三个词中，它的语意最弱。
3）exact的意思是“精确的、确切的”，强调完全符合标准，符合事实或真相，丝毫没有差错。在这三个词中。
它的语意最强。
①Is this watch accurate?这只表走得准吗?
②His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。
③The figures are not accurate. 这些数字不精确。
6. main／major／chief
（1）main意为“主要的，重要的”，通常用来修饰物。
（2）major“重要的，主要的”，修饰人或物，修饰人时尤指权利、地位较高的人。
（3）chief“主要的，最重要的”，指职位、职称（最高的）级别。
①My main concern is the welfare of the children.
我最关心的是儿童的福利。
②We have encountered major problems.
我们遇到大问题了。
（三）难句分析：
1. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on.
你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。
2. Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?
你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实了呢？
3. Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.
因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行了润饰。
（四）语法   Grammar    倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前，就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合：
I. 全部倒装
1. 用于there be句型。例如：
There are many students in the classroom.
2. 用于“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，或以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：
① Here comes the bus.
② There goes the bell.
③ Now comes your turn.
④ Out went the children.
注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如：
⑤ Here it is
⑥ Here he comes.
3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。例如：
① South of the city lies a big steel factory.
② From the valley came a frightening sound.
4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
1）形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
2）过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
3）介词短语+be+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys.
5. 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如：
①He has been to Beijing. So have I.
②Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
①They arrived at a farmhouse，in front of which sat a small boy.
②Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
Ⅱ. 部分倒装
1. 用于疑问句。例如：
Do you speak English?
2. 省略了if的条件句中，were，had或should可提到句首构成部分倒装。例如：
①Were I not so busy，I should go with you.
②Had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.
3. 在so...that（如此……以致于）句型中，若so...提至句首，则构成部分倒装。
①So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
②So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
4. 用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）”引导的让步状语从句中。例如：
①Pretty as she is，she is not clever.
②Try as he would，he might fail again.
注意：
1）在as（though）引导的让步状语从句中，如果主语较长. 也可实行全部倒装。例如：
Difficult as was the chemistry homework，it was finished in me.
2）如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。例如：
Child as he was，he had to make a living.
5. 用于no sooner... than...，hardly...when和not until句型中，no sooner，hardly，not until置于句首时，句子倒装。例如：
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
6. 用于以never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little, often not only，not once等词开头的句子。
例如：
①Never shall I do this again.
②Little did he know who the woman was.
7. 用于only开头的句子（only后面为副词、介词短语或句子）。例如：
①Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
②Only in this way can you master English.
如果only后面的词组不是状语，则不用倒装，例如：
③Only Wang Ling knows this.
8. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，用倒装结构；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装：
例如：“Let’s go，”said the man.
9. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子：例如：
①May you succeed!祝你成功!
②Long live the people!人民万岁！
③May you all be happy!祝你们幸福!
【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择：
1. The man planned to make law his______.
A. career       B. life    C. occupation        D. work
2. Anne couldn't concentrate ____what she was doing while her family were watching TV.
A. to      B. on      C. for     D. in
3. Not only ______to us the importance of doing the work but they also told us the best way to do it.
A. did they explain              B.  they explained
C. they explain             D. had they explained
4. Jerry was playing football and Tom was ____playing volleyball.
A. however     B. meanwhile  C. likely  D. often
5. Many people agree that _____knowledge of English is a must in ____international trade.
A. a；／       B. the；an      C. the；the    D.／；the
6. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ___he phones.
A. as long as   B. in order that      C. in case      D. so that
7. Tom ____his boss of having broken his word.
A. blamed      B. accused     C. charged      D. scolded
8. Dr. Kesley happened，in ____of conversation，to say that he had intention of visiting China.
A. cause        B. course       C. during D. period
9. _____that I couldn't support myself at that moment.
A. I was weak enough          B. I was too weak
C. So weak I was          D. So weak was I
10. Not only _____the bus, but_____.
A. she can driver; she can      B. can she drive; can she
C. she can drive; can she      D. can she drive; she can
11. We shall _______our island，whatever the cost may be
A. defend       B. protect      C. guard        D. prevent
12. The new research was led by the ____ engineer.
A. main B. major        C. chief D. primary
13. Would it be possible to make an ______in advance have my hair cut tomorrow?
A. appointment     B. arrangement      C. schedule  D. engagement
14. _______, he does not know the answer.
A. As he is a teacher            B. As he is teacher
C. A teacher as he is              D. Teacher as he is
15. In _____and the lesson began.
A. the teacher came             B. the teacher coming
C. came the teacher              D. did the teacher come
II. 弗兰克英语 专题训练：阅读理解步步高
步骤1：快速浏览下列文章，然后将该文章的段落顺序重新排列一下，当心！有一段与本文无关哦，请剔除，呵呵！有点意思！（科普性说明文）
1. Recently the World Health Organization announced that the disease of smallpox （ 天花 ） had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination （ 种牛痘 ）. Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
2. For example , when farmers killed large numbers of hawks（鹰）, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice . Why ? Because hawks eat rats and mice . With no hawks to keep down their numbers , the rats and mice multiplied（繁殖）quickly .
3. This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination （ from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ）. Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he experimented by putting the disease into small opening on the arms of healthy people，and though their arms became painful for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
4. So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
段落顺序是： __________________________________________
步骤2：根据上篇阅读文章做以下理解练习
1. Which of the following is an ineffectual way of preventing the spread of smallpox ?
A. Most people were vaccinated against the disease at least once.
B. People going abroad should promise not to spread the disease.
C. People traveling from one country to another must prove they are vaccinated.
D. People must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries.
2. The doctor's new discovery was called “vaccination” for the reason that ___________ .
A. he discovered smallpox near a farm
B. he experimented with a disease from the cattle
C. he was working with cattle in the countryside
D. people got the disease of smallpox from the cattle
3. The news of the discovery ___________ .
A. caught people's attention from all corners of the world
B. spread far and near in the western countries
C. made people rush to Dr. Jennet for vaccination
D. helped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpox
III. 消化训练：
步骤3： 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。
Recently the World Health Organization _______________ that the disease of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination .Most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment called vaccination （ from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ）. Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease which they caught from the______________，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people，and though their arms became ______________ for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________.
步骤 4： 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。
Recently the World Health Organization _______________ that the _____________ of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world，________________  _______widespread vaccination .Most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and
if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to _____________ that they have had a recent vaccination. _____  _____ __________the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor，Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment _____________ vaccination （ from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ）. Jenner discovered that people _____________worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease _____________ they caught from the______________，but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people，and _____________ their arms became ______________ for a day or two，they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done ____  thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________.
步骤5： 把下列各个打乱顺序的句子重新排好顺序和连接起来并抄写下来
if they wish to travel from one country to another , they must be able to prove that
In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and
Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and
Recently the World Health Organization announced
that the disease of smallpox had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world，thanks to widespread vaccination .
they have had a recent vaccination.
today one seldom hears of it at all.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
but these people never seemed to get smallpox.
Edward Jenner，in about 1798 when he published his report of his new
experiment called vaccination （ from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ）.
harmless disease which they caught from the cattle，
Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a
small opening on the arms of healthy people，and though their arms became painful for a day or two，
So he experimented by putting the disease into a
they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
In many countries the simple
people rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated.
So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and
way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people ,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考答案]
I.
1. 选A  这里career指作为终身的工作，而occupation多指固定工作。句意为“那个人计划把法律作为终身事业”。
2. 选B  concentrate on sth. /doing sth. 专心致志于某事／做某事。
3. 选A  not only...but also... 两个分句时态要一致，not only置于句首，前一个分句要倒装。
4. 选 B  据语境应选B，此处meanwhile相当于at the same time。
5. 选 A  a knowledge of意为“了解”，题干中trade作“贸易”讲，是不可数名词。
6. 选C  as long as意为“只要”，in order that意为“为了”，in case意为“以防”，so that意为“以致；为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。
7. 选B  accuse sb. of sth. 指责某人某事；blame后接sb. for sth. “为某事责备某人”；charge后接sb. with sth. “控告某人某事”；scold后面接sb. for sth. “为某事责备某人”。句意为：汤姆指责老板不守信。
8. 选 B  cause事业，起因；course过程；during是介词，在……期间；period期间。in course of是固定短语，意为“正在……之中”。
9. 选D  在so+ adj. /adv.+ that句式中，若把so+ adj.／adv. 部分放到句首，则主句用部分倒装语序。要注意从句语序不变。
10. 选D  当not only…but（also）…连接两个并列分句时，not only 引导的分句要用部分倒装语序，but （also）分句语序不变。
11. 选A  defend“防御”；protect“保护”；guard“站岗”；prevent“阻止”。
12. 选C  此处chief指“级别最高的”，chief engineer“总工程师”。
13. 选A  appointment “约会”， “预约”；arrangement“排列，安排”；schedule “时间表，进度表”；engagement“婚约，诺言”。句意为：我可不可以提前预约明天来理发?
14. 选D  as引导让步状语从句时用倒装语序，因此排除A、B两项；如果从句的表语是单数可数名词，则放到句首时不加任何冠词。
15. 选C  以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子用完全倒装语序。
II.
【解题思路与答案】这是一篇具有科普性质的说明文，说明了种牛痘防治天花的始末。
（1）第l题属细节辨认题，A、C、D三个选项的内容都可在第一段找到，而“去国外的人应该保证不传播这种疾病”在文中找不到根据，故选项B正确。
（2）第2题属细节辨认题，第二段第1句 …vaccination （ from the word “vacca” meaning a cow）即本题答案出处，故选B正确。
（3）第3题属细节辨认题。由第三段第1句可知，这一消息传到其他国家，不仅仅是西方国家，所以排除选项B；人们是到医生那里去种牛痘，而不是到Jennet医生那里去种牛痘，故排除选项C；“vaccination”而不是“the news”可使人们免于“天花”这一疾病，故排除选项D。通过细节的认定，
本题正确答案是A。
III. 略
必修Book 5 Unit 5 First Aid知识网络图
语言探究
类别
新课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题
Talk about first aid
词
汇
1.四会词汇
aid, illness, injury, bleed, ankle, choke, blood, bloody, burn, organ, poison, ray, treatment, liquid, radiation, mild, iron, tissue, electric, swell, damage, jewellery, squeeze, wound, bandage, symptom, kettle, wrist, damp, sleeve, throat, present, ceremony, bravery, towel, pressure ambulance, authentic
2.认读词汇
sprain, essential, layer, heal, blister, watery, char, nerve, ointment, infection, label, Jason, Slade,  stab, scheme, Souderton, bruise
3.重点词汇
injury, bleed, swell, damage, wound, damp, throat, present, bravery, should，dress
重点短语
first aid, fall ill, electric shock, squeeze out, over and over again, in place, a number of, put one’s hands on, catch fire, ought to , have to, stay calm, keep in mind, manage to, flow out, die of  get injured, protect sb./sth. against/from sth, depend on/upon, make a difference
重
点
句  型
1. First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
2. You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
3. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skin are burnt.
44. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
5. John was presented with his award at a ceremony, which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
6. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
7. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabled repeatedly with a knife.
48. John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hand.
9. There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
语法
省略
功
能
句
式
Expressing  instructions
Give others your positive suggestions or orders.
We/you should/ ought to …
Please do…
Make sure…
You must/have to/ought to…
You must never…
You ought never to…
Give others your negative suggestions or orders.
1.       You should not …
2.       You ought not to…
3.       Please don’t…
4.       You should never…
You must/should never to …
作文
first aid instructions for particular injuries
学能目标
Master some English expressions and phrases and know some knowledge of first aid.
Know to give their correct suggestions about first aid when others are in danger.
情感态度
Be brave and calm when meeting with accident and know how to give first aid in different situations.
技能目标
Practice expressing giving instructions
Learn about Ellipsis
Practice instructional writing: first aid instructions for particular injuries
自主探究
First Aid for Burns
Burns can result from dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam, hot liquids), electricity, chemicals, and radiation (i.e., sunlight). Treatment for burns depends on:
The depth of the burn (whether it is first, second, or third degree).
How much area of the body is affected.
The location of the burn.
First degree burns affect only the outer skin layer. The area appears dry, red, and mildly swollen. A first degree burn is painful and sensitive to touch. Mild sunburn and brief contact with a heat source such as a hot iron are examples of first degree burns. First degree burns should feel better within a day or two. They should heal in about a week if there are no other problems.
Second degree burns affect the skin's lower layers as well as the outer skin. They are painful, swollen, and show redness and blisters. The skin also develops a weepy, watery surface. Examples of second degree burns are severe sunburn, burns caused by hot liquids and a flash from gasoline. First aid procedures can be used to treat many second degree burns depending on their location and how much area is affected.
Third degree burns affect the outer and deeper skin layers as well as any underlying tissue and organs. They appear black and white and charred. The skin is swollen and underlying tissue is often exposed. The pain felt with third degree burns may be less than with first or second degree burns. There can also be no pain at all when nerve endings are destroyed. Pain may be felt around the margin of the affected area, however. Third degree burns usually result from electric shocks, burning clothes, severe gasoline fires and the like. They always require emergency treatment. They may result in hospitalization and sometimes require skin grafts.
合作探究
First aid quiz    How much do you know about first aid?
1. You are the first person on the scene of a motorbike accident. The driver is still conscious. What is the best way to help him?  (      )
A. Remove the helmet so that he can breathe properly
B.Leave the helmet on and keep talking to the driver until the ambulance arrives
C.Help the driver to move out of the road and away from other traffic
2. Your brother's nose is bleeding. You should...  (      )
A have him tilt his head back until it stops
B have him lean forward and pinch the bottom of his nose shut
C place ice on the bridge of his nose
3. Your sister has fallen off her bike and knocked out her two front teeth. What do you do?  (        )
A. Leave the teeth on the floor - they're no use now - and take her to
the dentist
B.Put the teeth into water and take her to the dentist
C.Put the teeth into some milk and take her to the dentist
4. You have a minor burn on your hand. What is the best way to treat
it?  (         )
A  Immediately apply ice to the affected area
B  Place the burned area under cold water for ten minutes then wrap it
in cling film to prevent infection
C  Rub butter or margarine onto the burn
5. Your friend burns his arm and the area of skin is red and blistered.
His burn is likely a (    )
A 1st degree burn
B 2nd degree burn
C 3rd degree burn
D 4th degree burn
6. Your little brother is playing with a BB gun and is hit in the eye. In addition to seeking immediate medical attention, you should...  (       )
A put pressure on his eye to stop any bleeding
B place a small cup over his eye to protect it
C try to get the BB out, as long as it isn't near his pupil
7. Your father has  too many drinks on a night out and comes home drunk. What do you do? (         )
A Tell him to go bed and sleep it off - he'll feel much better in the morning
B  Make him drink lots of coffee to sober up before he goes to bed
C Lay him in the recovery position in case he becomes unconscious and keep checking on him regularly
8. The ABCs of first aid are...       (         )
A Airway, Blood and Circulation
B Airway, Breathing and Circulation
C Airway, Bleeding and Choking
D Airway, Breathing and Compressions
Key: BBCB BBCB
Talk about first aid
词汇
1.四会词汇
aid, illness, injury, bleed, ankle, choke, blood, bloody, burn, organ, poison, ray, treatment, liquid, radiation, mild, iron, tissue, electric, swell, damage, jewellery, squeeze, wound, bandage, symptom, kettle, wrist, damp, sleeve, throat, present, ceremony, bravery, towel, pressure ambulance, authentic
2.认读词汇
sprain, essential, layer, heal, blister, watery, char, nerve, ointment, infection, label, Jason, Slade,  stab, scheme, Souderton, bruise
3.重点词汇
injury, bleed, swell, damage, wound, damp, throat, present, bravery, should，dress
重点短语
first aid, fall ill, electric shock, squeeze out, over and over again, in place, a number of, put one’s hands on, catch fire, ought to , have to, stay calm, keep in mind, manage to, flow out, die of  get injured, protect sb./sth. against/from sth, depend on/upon, make a difference
重点句型
1. First aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
2. You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.
3. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skin are burnt.
4. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
5. John was presented with his award at a ceremony, which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
6. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
7. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabled repeatedly with a knife.
8. John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hand.
9. There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
语法
省略
功能句式      Expressing  instructions
Give others your positive suggestions or orders.
We/you should/ ought to …
Please do…
Make sure…
You must/have to/ought to…
You must never…
You ought never to…
Give others your negative suggestions or orders.
1.    You should not …
2.    You ought not to…
3.    Please don’t…
4.    You should never…
You must/should never to …
作文
first aid instructions for particular injuries
学能目标      aster some English expressions and phrases and know some knowledge of first aid.
Know to give their correct suggestions about first aid when others are in danger.
情感态度
Be brave and calm when meeting with accident and know how to give first aid in different situations.
技能目标
Practice expressing giving instructions
Learn about Ellipsis
Practice instructional writing: first aid instructions for particular injuries
必修Book 5 Unit 5 First Aid重点、难点及考点解析
一、重点单词
1. treatment  ①不可数名词 “ 对待, 待遇,处理; 治疗
The workers received good treatment from the government.
工人们受到政府优厚的待遇.
②可数名词  “ 疗法”
They are trying a new treatment for cancer.
知识拓展
be under treatment             在治疗中
be under one’s treatment        接受某人的治疗
for treatment                  进行治疗
treatment for + 疾病的名词     治…病的方法
2. sense
sense of touch  触觉                 sense of sight 视觉
sense of hearing 听觉              sense of taste 味觉
sense of smell  嗅觉                 sense of humor 幽默感
sense of beauty 美感               sense of direction 方向感
sense of honor 荣誉感             sense of values 价值观
sense of justice 正义感            sense of hunger 饥饿感
sense of responsibility 责任感
the sixth sense 第六感      make sense 有道理;讲得通
2.present  n.礼物 ,目前 adj.在场，出席，当前的
v.颁发，授予，赠给
present sth. to sb.        授予/赠给某人某物
present sb. with sth     授予/赠给某人某物
at present             目前;现在
for the present          暂时;暂且
be present at            出席;到场
3.dress  v.敷裹，包扎
E.g. Immediately after his wound was dressed, he went to work.
知识拓展
dress sb. /oneself     给…穿衣服
be dressed in           穿着….. (颜色)
dress up (as)            盛装打扮 ( 成….. )
1. Tom had to return to the camp to_____  his injuries.
2. _______white/a white coat, Mary went to the party.
3. We _________to take part in the party.
Key: 1 dress   2. Dressed in    3. dressed up
4. swell   v. 膨胀，隆起
Her leg has swollen badly.
她的腿肿得很厉害。
The wind swelled the sails.
风鼓起了帆。
二、重点短语
1、first aid “急救”
知识拓展
give/offer aid 援助                      come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人
cut off aid （突然）终止援助        a hearing aid 助听器
teaching aids 教具                        medical aid 医疗救护
with the aid of 借助于
2、get injured 受伤
get done结构相当于be done强调状态。
The computer got (was) damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。
My bike is getting (is being) repaired now. 我的自行车正在修理。
My glasses got broken while I was playing basket-ball. 我的眼镜在打篮球时给弄坏了。
—Where have you been these days？
—My leg____in an accident, and I just return home from hospital.
A gets injured        B is injured
C got injured        D injured
Key: C
3、protect sb./sth. against/from sth. 保护…..免受…..
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。
知识拓展
keep... from doing 阻止….做某事
prevent/stop... (from) doing 妨碍/阻止…做某事
在be prevented/stopped from doing 结构中,介词from 能省略吗?
不能 如:We are prevented/stopped from going there.
4、depend on/upon依靠,依赖,相信，取决于
depend on/upon +wh-从句   视….而定,取决于
depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖,相信
depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……
depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..
That (all) depends. / It all depends. (口语)视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。
Translate the following sentences into English.
①、你不能永远依赖你的父母
②、你不能指望他能按时来。
③、你可相信他会来。
④、我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。
⑤、这要取决于你是否到这儿。
Key: ① You can’t depend on your parents forever.
②You can’t depend on him to come on time.
③ You may depend on it that he will come.
④ I may help you. But that/ it depends.
⑤ It depends on /upon whether you come here or not.
5.squeeze out    榨出,挤出
They have been squeezed out of the job market by young people.
他们被年轻人挤出了就业市场。
知识拓展
squeeze money from sb     向某人勒索钱财
squeeze money out of sb ;,  向某人勒索钱财
The young man often squeezes money from/out of the pupil.
那个年轻人经常向那个小学生勒索钱财。
6. over and over again
over and over again = again and again, 一再,再三,许多次
I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
我再三告诫你不要那样做。
7.in place 放在适当的地方
You’d better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。
知识拓展
in place     在适当的位置,适当
out of place  不在适当的位置，不适当
in place of   代替
take the place of   代替
8. put one’s hand(s) on
常用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中，意为“找到，得到”。
eg, I’m afraid I can’t put my hand(s) on the book you want.
恐怕我一时找不到你想要的那本书。
9. make a (some/no/any/not much/a great deal of) difference
有(一些/没有/任何/不太大的/很大的) 差别
tell the difference between 辨别两者的差别
It makes no difference/doesn‘t make any difference to me whether you come here or not.
对我来说,你来不来都无所谓。
三、重点句型
1. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
unless 作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，作“除非…..否则”讲，相当于if…not 。
注意①在unless引导的从句里，谓语用一般现在时，不用一般将来时。
②在引导的从句里，当主语与从句主语是同一人或物，且有系动词时，从句主语与系动词可省略。
E.g. I will not attend the meeting unless (I am) invited.
I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.
A. unless   B. whether   C. because     D. while
Key: A
2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
此句型中when作并列连词相当于and then意为”正当……时突然”,常用于以下句型：
知识拓展
be doing …when…               正在做……突然
be about to do …when…          即将做……突然
be on the point to do…when…正要去做…..突然
has/have/had done…when… 刚刚……这时 (突然)
3. There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills that he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
doubt 名词，意思是“怀疑”、“疑惑”、“疑问”。如：
I have no doubt at all who did it.
知识拓展:
There is no doubt that…/about sth. 毫无疑问……
(肯定句）主语+doubt whether/ is…
（否定句）主语+not doubt that 从句
I don’t doubt that his words are true.
There is some doubt whether John will come.
4. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of the first aid that saved her life.
本句为强调句型结构,符合It is/was…that... 结构。
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:
① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
四、 疑难辨析
1、wound, injure, harm 与 hurt:
wound  一般指外伤，如枪伤，刀伤等，尤指在战场上受伤；也可指在感情上荣誉方面的创伤。
injure  常指因意外或事故而造成的损伤，还可表示在感情上，荣誉上的伤害，可用于人或物。
harm  指损害有生命的或无生命的东西；也可指肉体上或精神上的损害。
hurt   指任何肉体或精神上的伤害。尤其指打伤，刺伤；还可表示“疼痛”。
2、damage, destroy 和ruin
damage “损坏”, 意味着损坏后的价值或效率降低,一般是部分性的。
destroy 指十分彻底地“ 破坏”， 含有不能或很难修复的意思。
ruin    指某物被损害到不能再修复，不能再使用的程度。
人教版新课标高二必修Book 5 Unit 5 First Aid知识总结
重要词汇
词汇
相关提示
1.aid n.& vi 帮助；援助；资助
请仔细区分aid和help的用法。
2.injury n. 损伤；伤害
请注意辨析injure，hurt与wound。
3.bleed v. 出血，流血
请掌握bleed的固定搭配。
4.burn 　v. (被)烧毁；（被）烧伤
n. 烧伤或灼伤（的痕迹）
请注意burn的过去式和过去分词有两种形式。
5.organ n.　 器官
请掌握其同根词及organ的引申含义。
6.treatment n. 治疗；处理；对待
请注意其动词形式treat的含义。
7.mild adj. 轻微的；温和的
请注意mild的同义词。
8.damage vt. & n. 损害;毁坏
请仔细辨析damage和destroy。
9.present v. 给；介绍；赠送；呈现
请掌握其作为形容词的用法及固定搭配。
10.ceremony n. 典礼；礼仪；礼节
请注意其可数和不可数的用法。
重点交际句式
指示（Giving instructions）
You've got to....你不得不……
First you have to....then...next....首先，你要……,然后……,接下来……
If you/he/...,you might be...如果你/他/……,你也许……
Tell him to....告诉他……
Continue...until....继续……直到……
Now,　if there is no...,you must....好了，如果没有……,你必须……
重点语法
本单元要求掌握省略的概念和常见的省略情况。
写作要求
用本单元所学的省略知识，写出流畅、简洁的文章。
本单元的学习可以有效地帮助同学们克服英语写作中累赘、繁琐的弊病。
见仁见智
One day,　Tom was on his way to school,　suddenly he found a little boy was in the way and lay unconscious.　So,　he went up to see what had happened to him on earth.　Astonishingly,　he found the little boy was bitten by a snake.　What's worse,　the snake bite resulted in serious bleeding.
In a flash,　Tom thought of a scene on TV:　a hero sucked the snake bite for a dying person,　and finally the man was saved by the hero.　So,　almost without any hesitation,　Tom imitated the hero and sucked the poison for the boy with his own mouth.　However,　before Tom could finish his brave action,　he fell down and died.
【问题导入】 A beautiful living environment depends on every one's effort,　but what do you think of what Tom did in the above passage?
A farmer from the countryside：I think Tom is stupid,　since everyone knows that a snake can kill a person with only a single bite.　Besides,　a little boy already lay on the ground.
A teacher：In my opinion,　Tom is a good boy.　His good quality is worth our praise but the problem is that his way in dealing with the situation is wrong.
A young student from a city：I think he is great.　If I have been him,　I may not have been that brave.
A doctor：Well,　it's necessary for everyone to learn some basic knowledge about first aid.　When you are in a real situation of accident but if you don't know how to deal with it,　you'd better call a doctor.
My view:
读书做人 
Animal Bite Information and First Aid
Each year millions of people in the United States—most of them children—are bitten by animals.　Most animal bites are from dogs;　cat bites are second most common.　However,　the risk of infection from a cat bite is much higher than that from a dog bite.　Most bites occur on the fingers of the dominant hand,　but children may also be bitten about the head and neck area.
A major concern about an animal bite is the possibility of rabies.　Because most pets in the U.　S.　are vaccinated,　most cases of rabies result from the bite of a wild animal such as a skunk,　bat or raccoon.　However,　in other countries,　dog bites are the most common source of rabies.　If you are bitten by a dog outside the U.S.,　consult a doctor immediately.
Signs and symptoms 
In some cases,　the bite will not break the skin but may cause damage to underlying tendons（腱，筋） and joints.　If the skin is broken,　there is the additional possibility of infection as well as injury to tendons and nerves.　Dogs have powerful jaws and can cause crushing injuries to bone,　muscles,　tendons,　ligaments（结带；纽带） and nerves.
Signs of an infection include:
·Warmth around the wound 
·Swelling 
·Pain 
·A pus discharge 
·Redness around the puncture wound 
Signs of damage to tendons or nerves include:
·An inability to bend or straighten the finger 
·A loss of sensation over the tip of the finger
First aid 
Don't put the bitten area in your mouth! You will just be adding the bacteria in your mouth to that already in the wound.
If the wound is superficial,　wash the area thoroughly.　Use soap and water or an antiseptic such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol.　Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a non-stick bandage.　Watch the area carefully to see if there are signs of damaged nerves or tendons.　Some bruising may develop,　but the wound should heal within a week to 10 days.　If it does not,　or if you see signs of infection or damage to nerves and tendons,　seek medical help.
If there is bleeding,　apply direct pressure with a clean dry cloth.　Elevate the area.　Do not clean a wound that is actively bleeding.　Cover the wound with a clean sterile dressing and always seek medical help.
If the wound is to the face and/or head and neck area,　seek medical help immediately.
Contact your physician to see whether additional treatment is needed.
Report the incident to your public health department.　They may ask your assistance in locating the animal so that it can be confined and observed for symptoms of rabies.
Follow these recommendations to prevent animal bites and rabies.
Do not try to separate fighting animals.
Avoid animals that appear sick or act strangely.　Call animal control.
Leave animals,　even pets or other animals you know,　alone when they are eating or sleeping.
Keep pets on a leash when out in public.
Never leave a young child alone with a pet.　Don't allow children to tease an animal by waving sticks,　throwing stones,　or pulling a tail.
Be sure your pet is vaccinated.
Do not approach or play with any kind of wild animal.　Teach children not to pat strange animals,　even pets on a leash,　without asking permission of the owner first.
【想一想】 Do you think that learning how to prevent animal bites is important for everyone or just for the people who raise pets?
巧学法园地
完形填空答题技巧
完形是个大难题，考查理解有玄机。
通读全文是要旨，通顺合理是第一。
有的空你填不出，可在下文找逻辑。
高考文章有特点，夹叙夹议讲哲理。
填空一定要谨慎，填完回头多验证。
个别难题不恋战，留给语感来判断。