第八号当铺天心:小升初英语考试，必须要掌握的英语语法知识点（一）

      1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

      2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

      3．以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

      4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ]

      Leaf——leaves

      5．不规则名词复数：

      man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

      child-children

      foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

      fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

      写出下列各词的复数

      I _________him _________this ___________her ______

      watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

      day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

      tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

      peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______

      man______ woman_______

      
      二、一般现在时

      一般现在时基本用法介绍

      【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

      1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

      2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。

      3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

      一般现在时的构成

      1. be动词：主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如：

      I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

      2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如：

      We study English.我们学习英语。

      当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

      【No. 2】一般现在时的变化

      1. be动词的变化。

      否定句：主语 be not 其它。

      如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

      一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。

      如：-Are you a student?

      -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

      非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。
      否定句：主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如：
      I don't like bread.
      当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
      He doesn't often play.
      一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如：
      - Do you often play football?
      - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
      当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
      - Does she go to work by bike?
      - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
       动词 s的变化规则
      1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
      2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
      3．以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
      一般现在时用法专练:
      一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
      drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
      look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
      come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
      study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
      wash_______
      二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
      1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
      2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
      3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
      4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
      5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
      6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
      7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
      8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
      9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
      10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
      11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
      12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
      13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
      14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
      15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
      16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
      17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
      18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
      19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
      20. －What day _______(be) it today?
      － It’s Saturday
     
      三、现在进行时
      1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

 2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.
      3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
      4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
      5．现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为：
      疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing?
      但疑问词当主语时其结构为：
      疑问词不达意 be 动词ing?
      动词加ing的变化规则
      1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
      2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
      3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
      现在进行时专项练习：
      一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
      play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
      go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
      read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
      put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
      live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
      stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
      二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
      1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
      2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
      3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
      4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
      5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
      6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
      7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
      8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
      9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
      10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
      四、将来时理论及练习
      一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
      二、基本结构：①be going to do；
      ②will do.
      三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
      例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

   四、同义句：be going to = will
      I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
      练习：
      填空。
      1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
      I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
      I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
      2.我们将要学习英语
      We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
      We ________ learn English.
     五、一般过去时
      1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
      2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
      ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
      ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
      3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
      否定句：didn’t 动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
      动词过去式变化规则：
      1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work__-worked , cook-cooked
      2．结尾是e加d，如：live____lived
      3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
      4．以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
      5．不规则动词过去式：
      am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
      过去时练习
      写出下列动词的过去式
      is\am_________ plant________ are ________
      drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
      does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
      taste_________ eat__________ put ______
      kick_________ pass_______ do ________
      Be动词的过去时练习（1）
      Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I _______ at school just now.
      2. He ________ at the camp last week.
      3. We ________ students two years ago.
      4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
      5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
      6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
      8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I ______ an English teacher now.
      2. She _______ happy yesterday.
      3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
      行为动词的过去时练习（2）
      Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
      2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
      3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
      4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
      5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
      6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
      7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
      8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
      六、人称代词和物主代词
      主格宾格 形容词性 名词性
      I me my mine
      you you youryours
      he him his his
      she her her hers
      itit its its
      we us our ours
      they them theirtheirs
      习题
      一.用所给词的适当形式填空
      1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
      2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
      3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
      4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
      二、用am, is, are 填空
      1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
      2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
      3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
      4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
      5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
      6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
      7. How _______ your father?
      8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
      9. Whose dress ______ this?
      10. Whose socks ______ they?