自动化运维工具有哪些:2011高考英语语法要点:引导名词性从句的关联词(2)

来源:百度文库 编辑:中财网 时间:2024/04/29 14:45:56

2011高考英语语法要点:引导名词性从句的关联词(2)

来源:天星 更新日期:2011-03-12 点击:313

引导名词性从句的关联词

在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称

3、whether和if的区别

(1)whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句,而if不能。

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money. 我还没决定是否把钱借给她。(不能用if)

They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。(不能用if)

(2)whether可以应到所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句;在引起主语从句时,特别是主语从句在句首时,不能用if,除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。

Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。(不能用if)

Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这值不值得做。我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。(不能用if)

The question whether we need it has not been decided.我们需不需要它还没定。(不能用if)

(3)whether后可以直接跟or not或or no,构成whether or not或whether or no,if则不能。但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。

I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他是否会来。(不能用if)

He will leave for Paris tomorrow, whether or no.他明天无论如何要动身去巴黎了。(不能用if)

I don’t care whether/ if you come or not.我不关心你来与否。

(4)if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语,whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。

I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。

He doesn’t care if you don’t pay the money.你付不付钱他不在乎。

(5)whether …or可以引导让步状语从句,or不可省略;if可以引导条件状语从句。

Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪,我都骑车去。

If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间,他会做得更好。

(6)whether可以和不定式连用,而if不能。

He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。

They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。

(7)whether和if引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定,也可以用否定,但含义不同。

He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。(表示疑问,可加or not)

He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。(表示否定,不可加or not)

巧记whether与if异同

“whether”与“if”都可表“是否”,是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。

主从表从同位从,if不用whether用;

discuss和介词后,whether引宾从;

不定式、or not后面跟,whether独能显神通;

宾从如是否定句,if发挥其功用;

避免歧义要慎重,其它情况可换用。

4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题

(1)wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句:whatever = anything that,whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指;而what,which,who,when,where,how等词都有时含有疑问意义,表示特指。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。(特指)

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为,孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。(泛指)

It was a matter of who would take the position. 问题是谁担当这个职位。(特指)

Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.不论谁救了这个溺水孩子都值得表扬。(泛指)

(2)介词后的who/whom,whoever/whomever的选择问题,则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定,如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。

Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。(不能用whomever)

Who do you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。(不能用whom)

Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.塞拉希望成为和她能同甘共苦的人的朋友。

(3)正确使用who/ whoever,what/whatever,how/however,where/wherever,when/whenever,which/whichever,who,what,where,when,how,which一要分析句子结构,看其在从句中作何成分,二是理清其在句中的含义。

---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。

---Is that why you had a few days off? (表原因)这就是你请了几天假的原因吗?

I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方。(表时间)

4、but, but that 和but what

(1)用于no doubt和not deny之后相当于that。

There can be no doubt but that it is the best choice.这无疑是最好的选择。

I can’t deny but what it is an urgent matter.我不否认这是一件紧迫的事。

(2)用于特殊疑问句中或否定词后,相当于that…not。

Who knows but that it may be true?

=Who knows that it may not be true?谁知道这是不是真的?

I can hardly believe but that the answer is right.

= I can hardly believe that the answer is not right.我简直不相信这答案是正确的。

(3) but that 可以引导条件状语从句,这时,but that 表示“若不是”,相当于if从句,主句常用虚拟语气。

He would have helped you but that he was short of money at the time.如果不是当时没有钱的话,他会帮你的。

He would have said no but that he was afraid.若不是害怕的话,他会拒绝的。